rev. date Description/issued for prepared authorised
client: ADWEA project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 1 of: 15 SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 2 of: 15 Table of Contents page 1. SCOPE...................................................................................................3 1.1 Introduction..................................................................................3 1.2 Approval ......................................................................................3 2. CODES AND STANDARDS ..................................................................3 2.1 Environmental Conditions............................................................3 3. DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................3 4. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.......................................................................3 5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.............................................................4 5.1 General Drainage Requirements.................................................4 5.2 Surface Water Drainage..............................................................7 5.3 Foul Water Drainage ...................................................................8 5.4 Contaminated Water Drainage..................................................13 6. INSPECTION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING..............................14 6.1 Inspection Requirements...........................................................14 6.2 Testing.......................................................................................15 6.3 Commissioning..........................................................................15 Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 3 of: 15 1. SCOPE 1.1 Introduction This specification covers the requirements for the design, inspection, testing, supply, installation and commissioning of the water drainage systems. The CONTRACTOR shall prepare all necessary detailing and construction drawings and details for ADWEA/ENGINEER approval, based upon this specification together with project drainage layouts, process layouts, schematics and general arrangement drawings. 1.2 Approval Where ADWEA/ENGINEER approvals are required in this document, it shall mean that the ADWEA/ENGINEER reserves the right to approve. However the ADWEA/ENGINEER may elect to waive approval of certain aspects as will be informed in writing by the ADWEA/ENGINEER. 2. CODES AND STANDARDS GENERAL: Reference shall be made to the following British and International Standards : BS 6297 Small Sewage Treatment Work & Cess pools BS 8301 Building Drainage BS EN 124 Gully Tops & Manhole Tops BS EN 752-1 Sewerage BS EN 12056-2 Sanitary Pipework 2.1 Environmental Conditions All field installations shall be suitable for operation in an outdoor, industrial, humid and salty atmosphere under ambient conditions as specified in the Tender Documents. The design rainfall rate is to be considered as the maximum rate as defined in the Tender Documents. 3. DEFINITIONS Refer to Specification for General Technical Requirements. 4. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS Refer to Specification for General Technical Requirements. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 4 of: 15 5. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1 General Drainage Requirements 5.1.1 Setting out Deviations from pipework levels shown on the approved drawings shall not be greater than +20 mm. Gradients shall generally not be steeper than 1 in 75 nor flatter than 1 in 250 generally and with a permissible deviation not greater than 1/20 of the given gradient. Sight rails shall be set in position, using a surveyor's level and properly established bench marks alongside the work. The practice of "transferring" levels by means of a straight edge and spirit level will not be permitted. Where long lengths of sewers are to be constructed in trenches, sight rails shall be fixed across the trench at intervals of at least 20 metres and, at a height equal to the length of the looning rod to be used, above the required invert level of the drain or sewer, at the point where the sight rail is fixed. There shall at no time be less than three sight rails in position on each length of sewer or drain under construction at any one gradient. 5.1.2 Laying Drains and Ducts All pipe laying shall be done by skilled and experienced personnel. The drains shall be accurately laid in straight lines and to self-cleansing gradients. Pipes shall be laid singly and the level of each pipe shall be tested in a approved manner using sight rails erected at manholes and at intermediate positions as necessary. Pipes shall be laid with the sockets facing upstream. Immediately prior to laying, all pipes and fittings shall be examined carefully to ensure that they are sound. No damaged or defective pipes shall be used. Any part length used shall be cut squarely and cleanly at the end. All pipes shall be clean before laying and jointing. All service systems shall include bends, tapers, junctions and other special pipes of a particular pattern as required. When pipes pass through walls a flexible joint is to be fitted, situated as close as possible to the outside face and permitting a minimum deflection between adjacent pipes of 3 o . Pipes which are laid, or built into walls and manholes, but not immediately connected up, shall be fitted with suitable temporary stoppers or seals, and the position of such pipes shall be clearly defined by means of stakes or training wires properly marked or labelled. Wherever the depth of cover to the pipe laid under a road or driveway is less than 1.20 m, a concrete cover slab spanning the trench width shall be provided. Before the commencement and for the smooth progress of the pipeline work, the CONTRACTOR shall coordinate and finalise the routes, ground/invert levels, positions of the manholes etc. with the ADWEA/ENGINEER. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 5 of: 15 All changes in the design shall be subject to the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. 5.1.3 Pipe Bedding Material When the as dug material is suitable, the bottom of the trench shall be trimmed and loosened to form the bed otherwise the trench shall be excavated to a depth below the invert level to allow for the thickness of bedding material. When as dug material is not suitable, imported granular material as per the table given below shall be used to provide a 50mm bedding and side fill. Table - Requirements for imported material for bedding and surrounding Nominal pipe size Material (complying with BS 882: Pt.2). 110 mm 10 mm nominal single sized aggregate. 160 mm 10 or 14 mm nominal single sized or 5 to 14 mm graded aggregate. 225 mm and over 10, 14 or 20 mm single sized or 5 to 14 or 5 to 20 mm graded aggregate. If the as dug material contains stones larger than 40 mm the bedding material must be extended 100 mm above the circumference of the pipe. Alternatively the backfill can be graded to eliminate stones exceeding 40 mm and this selected backfill used for the first 300 mm above the circumference of the pipe. 5.1.4 Manholes, Sump Pits and Inspection Chambers All drainage related concrete and steel structures shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant codes and specifications : Manholes shall be constructed of reinforced concrete or of solid concrete blocks. Manholes shall be designed for the vehicular or other loading to which they will be subjected. Foundations to manholes shall be of concrete complying with the relevant clauses of the Concrete Specification and shall finish flush with the manhole sides unless specifically otherwise required. Concrete block walls shall be bedded and jointed in cement and sand 1:4 mortar and the joints on the internal faces raked out to form a key for rendering. Walls shall be constructed in stretcher bond. The bottoms of all manholes shall be provided with half round main channels, tapered or curved where necessary and half round and three quarter section branch bends of requisite radii. These shall be bedded and jointed in cement sand 1:1 mortar and shall be benched in concrete vertically from the channels to a height equal to the soffit of the outgoing pipe and thence upwards to the sides of manholes at a slope of 1 in 6 and floated in cement and sand 1:1 mortar to a smooth and even surface. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 6 of: 15 The internal surfaces of concrete block walls shall be rendered with cement and sand 1:2 mortar 10mm thick and the rendering shall be finished with a smooth and even surface. The CONTRACTOR shall prepare comprehensive manhole schedule drawings for each drainage system using the area layout and general arrangement drawings. These shall be submitted for ADWEA/ ENGINEER approval and shall follow the proforma schedule drawings as issued. The ends of all pipes shall be neatly built into the blockwork and finished flush with mortar. Moderately sulphate resisting portland cement conforming to ASTM Type II may be used for all concrete, concrete blocks, mortar and render. However Type of cement used for concrete mixes is to be selected as per relevant soil condition. Where the depth of invert of manholes exceeds one metre below the finished ground level, aluminum steps as specified in BS 1247 part 3 shall be built in at vertical intervals of 300mm, with alternate steps in line vertically and at 225mm centre to centre horizontally. Entry to deep manhole chambers (> 2500 mm) shall be by means of one or more caged vertical aluminium ladders. Manhole covers and frames shall be coated cast-iron complying with BS EN 124 or approved equal and shall be designed for the loading category to which they will be subjected. The CONTRACTOR shall bed and haunch frames in cement and sand 1:3 mortar and seal covers with thick grease. Two sets of keys shall be delivered to the ADWEA/ENGINEER for each pattern of cover supplied. 5.1.5 Gully Gratings and Frames Gullies shall consist of a concrete pit with cover. Gully gratings and frames shall comply with the requirements of BS EN 124 (Grade A) or equal with straight bars. The CONTRACTOR shall bed and haunch frames in cement and sand 1:3 mortar. The finish of steel components shall be given 2 coats of black coal tar epoxy paint with a minimum thickness of 250 microns. 5.1.6 Continuous Trench Soakaways Continuous trench soakaways shall be constructed as per design. The filter membrane adopted for the soakaway surround shall be geotextile of appropriate guage. The CONTRACTOR shall take every care to avoid damage to the membrane. In the event of damage to the membrane during construction, the CONTRACTOR shall make good the damage with a minimum lap of 500 mm all to be carried out at the CONTRACTOR's expense. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 7 of: 15 5.1.7 Local Soakaways Local soakaways shall be provided at locations determined by the ENGINEER and to details as approved by him and shall be similar to the soakaway to be provided at the septic tank (refer section 5.3.6). 5.1.8 Joints All joints shall have adequate strength which shall be demonstrated by the CONTRACTOR. Pipe joints shall be fully flexible and capable of bearing the same pressure that can be borne by the pipes. Prior to importing any pipes, fittings or jointing rings to the site, the CONTRACTOR shall submit a works test certificate from the manufacturer, as to their conformity with the Specification, for the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that there is adequate suitable equipment on site to enable the works to be carried out to the specified standard, as approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER. 5.1.9 Valve Pits All below ground valve pits and chambers shall have their invert laid to fall towards collection sumps to allow pump out of accumulated rain water etc. 5.2 Surface Water Drainage 5.2.1 General Surface water drainage is required to collect and direct rain water from apron and paving areas and roof run-offs and will also be required to dispose of external washdown. 5.2.2 System Characteristics The surface to be drained shall be laid to fall at a minimum slope of 1:250 generally. The collected rainwater, wash water is to be drained by means of surface falls only towards local soakaways at appropriate locations. Roof run-offs to be collected by means of gullies, hoppers & downpipes discharging to grade level local soakaways at appropriate locations. All roads, aprons and paving shall be delineated by kerbs and laid to fall towards soakaways. Parking area to be similarly drained towards soakaways. 5.2.3 Areas Contributing Surface Water Drainage The following areas contribute to the Surface Water Drainage : 1) Roof of Pump Station 2) Roof of Service Block Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 8 of: 15 3) Paving Around the Building 4) Roads & Aprons within the Plot 5) Parking and Approach Road 6) Roof of Chlorination Building 7) Other areas as applicable Unpaved areas are to be terraced and gravel (size 20 mm average) finished to allow insitu soakaway of rain water or washwater. 5.2.4 Surface Water Drain Manhole Manholes shall be provided as shown on the referred Surface Water System layout or as required by the detail design of the CONTRACTOR. 5.2.5 Road Gully Road gullies are to be provided with silt trap, heavy duty manhole, ductile iron grating non rocking cover with frame and retaining bar as per the drawings. Road gullies shall be provided as indicated on the Surface Water System layouts or as required by the detail design of the CONTRACTOR. 5.2.6 Road Curb Gully Road curb gullies are to be provided with silt trap, standard ductile iron cover and frame with retaining bar. as per the layouts and CONTRACTOR's drawings. Road curb gullies are to be provided as indicated in the Surface Water System layouts or as required by the detail design of the CONTRACTOR. 5.2.7 Roof Drain Pipe Roof drain pipes shall be provided as indicated in the individual building details and the storm water drain system layout or as required by the details of the CONTRACTOR. The roof drain pipes shall be provided with an inlet hopper, support brackets, stack and a splay end terminating 150mm above local paving level and directing water away from the building towards local soakaways as per the drawings. 5.3 Foul Water Drainage 5.3.1 General The Foul Water Drainage System is required to collect the foul wastewater from the buildings. The toilets, sinks, showers and kitchens are to be connected and routed to a septic tank and local soakaway or connected to the main drainage of the power station. The scope of this work shall include all septic tank/soakaway pits and foul drainage system pipework. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 9 of: 15 5.3.2 System Characteristics The Foul Waste from Toilets, Washrooms and Kitchens shall be collected in the foul drainage manholes & subsequently routed to the septic tank & soakaway pits. The system is to be suitably trapped & externally vented. The Foul Water System is to be laid to fall at a minimum slope of 1:100 generally. 5.3.3 Areas Connected to Foul Water System The following sources shall be considered for the Foul Water System : i) Toilets ii) Kitchens iii) Washroom sinks and showers Note : Chemical storage & other industrial sinks shall be routed separately (refer 5.4.3). 5.3.4 Piping Requirements Pipes and Fittings All pipes & fittings to be used on the project shall comply with the requirements of the latest relevant British/other standards approved by ADWEA/ENGINEER. The pipes and fitting for pipe diameter sizes upto 300 mm shall be of uPVC conforming to BS 4660 and BS 5955. The joint sealing rings shall conform to BS 2494. Products to be procured with BSI certification. The dimension & pressure rating of the pipes shall be in accordance with ISO 161/1. The pipes and fittings for pipe sizes equal to or greater than 300 mm shall be GRP pipes. Requirements as per BS 5480 are to be followed for the pipes & pipe fittings. The pressure rating of the pipes shall be a minimum of 10 bar. Jointing Systems The surface preparation to consist of the minimum following steps : - Surface to be jointed are to be cleared of glass fibre and to be ensured to be free of grease, humidity or dust. - Surface to be ground, external layer of resin to be taken off and first glass fibre uncovered. - Surface to be rubbed with an emery cloth and cleaned with a volatile solvent so as to remove all traces of grease, dust & humidity. (No gluing shall be undertaken during sand storm or rainfall). Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 10 of: 15 - The minimum requirements for adhesive are as follows : - Adhesives shall be compatible with the resin and shall not be of a type affected by hydrocarbon or inorganic contaminants that may be present. - Type of adhesive shall be submitted by the CONTRACTOR for ADWEA/ENGINEER approval. - Adhesives shall be two component, cold polymerization type. The two components will be maintained within allowable temperature and mixed to form a homogenous mixture just before application to the prepared joint. - The joints shall have adequate strength and this shall be demonstrated by the CONTRACTOR. Pipe joints shall be fully flexible and capable of bearing the same pressure that can be borne by the pipes. Prior to importing any pipes, fittings or joining rings to the site, the CONTRACTOR shall submit a works test certificate from the manufacturer, as to their conformity with the specification, for the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. The CONTRACTOR shall ensure that there is adequate suitable equipment on site to enable the works to be carried out to the specified standard, as approved by the ADWEA/ENGINEER. For the uPVC piping, the following minimum steps are to be taken while making a joint: i) Proper alignment of the two pipes to be ensured. ii) The surfaces to be joined are to be thoroughly prepared using sandpaper. iii) Surfaces to be cleaned with solvent. iv) Even layer of cement is to be applied. v) Joint to be made. It should be ensured the joint is held till the required drying time based on ambient conditions. A minimum of 24 hrs. is required before pressure testing. The joint shall be fully flexible and capable of bearing the same pressure as the pipes. The joint strength shall be demonstrated by the CONTRACTOR. 5.3.5 Foul Water Drain Manholes Manholes shall be provided as shown on approved Foul Water System Layouts or as required by the detail design of the CONTRACTOR. The details of the manholes are to be as per drawings. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 11 of: 15 5.3.6 Soakaways Soakaways shall be constructed using precast/cast insitu concrete manhole rings to designated dimensions and depths. The concrete in the rings may be made using moderately sulphate resistant portland cement in accordance with ASTM C 150 designation type II. However Type of cement is to be verified as per relevant soil condition. The rings shall be constructed with 75mm diameter holes at 410mm centres in rows spaced 300mm apart. The bottom ring shall be founded on an in situ concrete base, to the approval of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. The soakaway shall be surrounded by granular material which shall in fill the whole void between the soakaway and the undisturbed ground around the excavation. The granular material shall be laid and tamped by hand in 300mm layers and shall be clean, crushed rock to the approval of the ADWEA/ ENGINEER and shall be 20-40mm nominal size with little or no fines. Manhole covers and frames shall be coated cast-iron complying with BS EN 124 or approved equal and shall be designed for the loading category to which they will be subjected. The CONTRACTOR shall bed and haunch frames in cement sand 1 : 3 mortar and seal covers with thick grease. Two sets of keys shall be delivered to the ADWEA/ENGINEER for each pattern of cover supplied. Filter fabric material lining to soakaway excavation shall be Geotextile of approved guage & make. Placing and lapping sheets to be in accordance with MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER's recommendations. All pipes and fittings shall be assembled strictly in accordance with the written instructions of the MANUFACTURER/SUPPLIER and to the satisfaction of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. 5.3.7 Continuous Trench Soakaways Continuous trench soakaways shall be constructed at the location and to the details as shown on the drawings. The CONTRACTOR shall take every care to avoid damage to filter membrane. In the event of damage to the membrane during construction, the CONTRACTOR shall make good the damage with a minimum lap of 500 mm all to be carried out at the CONTRACTOR's expense. 5.3.8 Floor Drains All floor drains shall be supplied and installed at the locations and to the details shown on the drawings and as specified herein. Each floor drain shall be of heavy duty uPVC with "S" or "P" trap complete with chrome plated heavy duty, 200 x 200mm, bronze strainer. The strainer shall be screwed to the body of the Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 12 of: 15 drain. All floor drains shall have chrome plated removable covers to their strainers or heavy duty aluminium cover. 5.3.9 Clean Outs All clean outs shall be supplied and installed at the locations and to the details shown on the Drawings and wherever specified herein. Each clean-out shall be of the same material and dimensions as the pipe to be cleaned, and shall be placed in walls, slabs or floors as required for ease of operation. Where cleanouts terminate in floors, a bronze cleanout tile 200 x 200mm, with screwed and sealed cover shall be provided. Tile and cover shall be chrome plated. 5.3.10 Vent Caps Vent caps shall be supplied and installed on all waste, soil and vent stacks at the locations and to the details shown on the drawings and in accordance with this specification. Each vent cap shall be of uPVC and shall be solvent cemented onto the waste, vent and soil stack. 5.3.11 Septic Tank General This shall be a rectangular chamber of concrete built underground and to dimension and depth as shown on the drawings. Construction The base, walls and roof shall be of reinforced concrete construction. Concrete shall be to grade C40. The base shall be constructed on layer of 100mm blinding. For specification relating to concrete, refer to Specification for Concrete Works. One aluminum ladder shall be provided to access inside each section of the tank for cleaning purposes from time to time. A 600mm x 600mm manhole opening shall be provided on the roof of the septic tank. Adequate manhole cover of minimum size 680mm x 680mm with hand grip shall be provided as described for soakaways. The floor of the tank shall slope 1 in 30 towards one side or centre to facilitate cleaning of sludge and the manhole shall be located directly over this. Commissioning Initially the septic tank shall be filled with water to its outlet level before sewage is allowed to enter the tank. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 13 of: 15 A small quantity of decaying organic matter should preferably be put into the septic tank to start the initial reaction. 5.4 Contaminated Water Drainage 5.4.1 General The Contaminated Water drainage system is required to collect specific discharges of predominantly contaminated water together with floor spillages within the buildings and other contaminant spillages. Flow rates, salinity, other contaminant levels and temperatures of the contaminated drainage shall be determined. Sources of possible spillage are to be routed via tundishes and hard piped systems above- ground as detailed by the CONTRACTOR'S piping/mechanical department, discharging to suitable lined reinforced concrete gullies and trenches from where the contaminated material shall be routed to the main drain sump outwith the building from where it shall be pumped to outfall remote from the plant. 5.4.2 Areas Connected to Contaminated Sump Pits The following areas are to be served by the contaminated water drainage system : i) Pump Station ii) Service Block iii) Battery Room iv) Chlorination Building v) Others as applicable 5.4.3 Facilities Connected to Contaminated Water System The following facilities are connected to the saline contaminated water drainage system : i) Floor gullies, drain trenches and cut-off drain channels. ii) Safety shower outlets (if applicable). iii) Tundishes & Industrial sinks. iv) Others as applicable 5.4.4 Piping Requirements For details of all pipes and fittings refer to Section 5.3.4. Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 14 of: 15 5.4.5 Floor Gullies, Drain Trenches and Cut-Off Drain Channels Refer to Section 5.3.8 generally. Note : linings, covers and frames shall be suitably chemically resistant. 5.4.6 Clean Outs Refer to Section 5.3.9 generally. Note : linings, covers and frames shall be suitably chemically resistant. 5.4.7 Tundishes Tundishes and their hard piping systems shall be provided at locations and to details as determined by the CONTRACTOR's detailed design and shall be subject to the approval of the ADWEA/ ENGINEER. 5.4.8 Industrial Sinks Industrial sinks shall be provided at the locations and to the details shown upon the drawings and shall drain to the contaminated water drainage system. 6. INSPECTION, TESTING AND COMMISSIONING 6.1 Inspection Requirements 6.1.1 Civil Works The following items shall be subject to field inspection in respect of setting out, excavation, concrete works including reinforcement, protective membranes and linings, benching and inserts rack filling and finishes, covers and frames, handrailing and access provisions: Manholes, Inspection Chambers, Septic Tank, Soakaway Pits, Drain Sump, Floor Gullies, Drain Trenches, Cut off Drain Channels. 6.1.2 Pipes and Pipe Fittings (A) GRE/GRP Pipes & Pipe Fittings As a minimum the following acceptance tests shall be performed at site: i) Visual inspection ii) Dimension check iii) Curing iv) Glass content Client ADWEA Project: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WATER WORKS Title: SPECIFICATION FOR WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS tender: project: document: W-C-SS-011 rev: 0 sheet: 15 of: 15 v) Hydrostatic pressure test vi) Impact resistance test (B) uPVC Pipes & Pipe Fittings The minimum number and type of acceptance tests at site is to be as per BS 5955 : Part 6 . The pressure testing at site is to be carried out in two phases, the preliminary phase is required to allow for the elastic characteristics and the relatively high thermal expansion of the uPVC piping. Care should be taken to evacuate all air from the piping to avoid surge pressures. 6.2 Testing The CONTRACTOR shall test all drainage pipelines, joints and fittings before carrying out haunching of surrounding pipes or backfilling trenches. The tests shall be carried out between two manholes in the presence and to the satisfaction of the ADWEA/ENGINEER. Water shall be passed in the pipes to be tested, of whatever diameter, so that air is expelled, and the pipes filled with water so that the highest point in the line shall be subject to the pressure of a 1.5 metre high water head. The line shall be considered acceptable if no leakage is visible from pipes, connections or fittings and if the above water head in a testing pipe of 75 mm diameter is not reduced by more than 15mm per minute for each 30 metre length of pipe. The CONTRACTOR shall, after filling the pipes, allow some time before conducting the test in order to allow the pipes their first natural saturation with water. If any damage is noticed in the pipeline the CONTRACTOR shall repair such damage to the approval of the ADWEA/ ENGINEER. If in the opinion of the ADWEA/ENGINEER any damage has occurred to the pipelines during the processes of pouring concrete or backfilling, he shall have the right to order retesting of the doubtful part. If a second testing proves that the pipe is not serviceable, then the CONTRACTOR shall locate the damage, make it good and carry out retesting until meeting ADWEA/ENGINEER approval. The ADWEA/ENGINEER may instruct the CONTRACTOR to carry out tests to the manholes to establish their watertightness, prior to backfilling around manholes, and any damage revealed by such tests shall be made good. The CONTRACTOR shall provide all necessary testing equipment and shall carry out such other tests as may be required by the ADWEA/ENGINEER. Ground water shall not be used for the purpose of testing. 6.3 Commissioning All traps and flooded systems shall be charged and periodically refilled until final handover. During commissioning flows shall be confirmed for all major runs.