-the circuit shows how the torch is connected to the switch and the two cells

-an electric current is a flow of charge

-throughout, millions of electrons pass through the cell every second
-the electrons pass through the bulb because its filament is made of metal, and transfer energy from the
cell to the torch bulb
-the size of an electric current of the rate of flow o electric charge
-this is the flow of charge per second
-electric charge is measured in coulombs (C)
-the greater the amount/number of the electrons that pass through a component, the
bigger/greater/larger the current passing through
-electric currents are measured in amperes (A)
-THE CURRENT N AMPERES!
-The current through a resistor at constant temperature is directly proportional to the
potential difference across the resistor
-the resistance is the same whichever direction the current is in
-we say a wire is an Ohmic Conductor because its resistance is constant"
-the resistance of the metal filament will increase as the temperature increases"
-this is due to the ions in the metal filament vibrating more as the temperature increases"
-they resist the passage of the electrons through the filament more"
-in the forward direction, the current is not directly proportional to the potential difference
-in the re!erse direction, the current is negligible
NOTE
-#E$ %#ight Emitting $iodes& only emit light when a current passes through it in a forward
lined direction
-at constant temperature, the line is straight, so its resistance is constant
-if the temperature is increased, its resistance decreases
-we use thermistor and LDRs in sensor circuits
-a thermistor is a temperature-dependant resistor
'
t
I
"esistance
Charge flow in coulombs
Time ta(en in seconds
)

R
*otential $ifference %volts&
Current %amperes&
"esistance
-the resistance of an LDR depends on how much light is on it