BI GING :

AUTOCAD NNG CAO V

LP TRNH TRONG AUTOCAD
Ngi lp : Trn anh Bnh

Sch tham kho :

AutoCAD 2004 Bible

Mastering in AutoCAD 2000
AutoCAD 2004 For Dummies
AutoCAD 2000 (1,2)
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao
Cc tin ch thit k trn AutoCAD

Wileys & Sons

George Omura
John Wiley & Sons
KTS.Lu Triu Nguyn.
TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
Nguyn Thanh Trung.
AutoCAD 2004 (1,2) c bn v nng cao
TS.Nguyn Hu Lc.
AutoCAD 2004 Activex and VBA
KS.Hong Thnh An.

S tit ging : 45 Tit

AutoCAD nng cao : 45 tit
L thuyt : 30 tit
Thc hnh : 5 bui (5x3=15 tit)

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)
I.Quy nh v bn v.
1.Cc thng tin c c t bn v
2.Cc khng gian trong CAD
3. ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
4.Mt s quy nh chung
4.1.Khung v t l bn v
4.2.Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
II.Thit lp mi trng v.
1.Text style.
2.Layer.
3.Dimesion Style.
4.Hatch.
5.Lnh LineType.
6.Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1.Block
6.2.Thuc tnh ca Block
6.3.Quan
ly cac block.
7.Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
8.Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III.Gii thiu Express Tools.

Chng 2 : LAYOUT VA IN N
(6 tit)
I.Lm vic vi Layout
1.Paper Space
2.Cac thao tac trn Viewport cua Paper Space
2.1.Tao
cac Viewport
2.2.Ct xen
ng bao Viewport
2.3.Ty l trong tng Viewport
2.4.Layer trong tng Viewport
2.5.n hin
viewport
2.6.n hin
ng bao viewport
2.7.Scale LineType
2.8.Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport
3.Cac chu y khi in nhiu
ti l trong mt ban ve
II.iu
khin
in n.

1.Khai bo thit b in.

2.In ra file *.PLT

Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I.Tham kho ngoi
1.Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
2.Chen
mt xref vao
ban
ve
2

3.M mt xref t ban

ve chinh

4. Hiu
chinh
xref t ban
ve chinh.

4.1.Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

4.2.Thm, bo bt cac i tng khoi working set (Lnh
refset).
4.3.Lnh
refclose
4.4.Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
5.iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
5.1.Xref va cac thanh
phn
hin
phu thuc.

5.2.Xref va lp.
5.3.Lnh
Xbin.
5.4.Tham chiu
vong.

5.5.Xen
cac xref.
5.6.Tng tc hin thi cua cac xref ln.
6.Quan
ly xref
6.1.ng dn
cua cac xref.
6.2.Xref notification
6.3.AutoCAD DesignCenter.
6.4.File bin ban
(log) cua xref.
II.Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)
1.S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
2.Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
3.nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.
4.nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
5.Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD
6.To cc mu kt ni.
7.To, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.
8.Quan st cc kt ni.
9.To mu nhn.
10.To nhn.
11.S dng query truy tm d liu
11.1.S dng Quick Query
11.2.S dng Range Query
11.3.S dng Range Query
11.4.S dng Link Select
III.Lm vic vi Raster Image
1.Tng quan
2.Chn nh (inserting images
3.Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)
4.Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
5.iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)
5.1.iu khin hin th
5.2.Cht lng nh (Image quality)
5.3.Image transparency
5.4.Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
IV.Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
1.Embedding objects into AutoCAD
2.Linking data
3.Pasting data into AutoCAD

Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I.Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1.Khi nim v Shape.
2.Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
2.1.Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
2.2.Special Codes (m c bit)
II.To font ch
1.To font ch SHX.
2.To big font.
3.To big font t file m rng.
III.To cc dng ng (file linetype)
1.Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.
2.To cc dng ng n gin.
2.1.Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
2.2.To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
IV.Dng ng phc cha i tng shape
1.Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
V.To cc mu mt ct.
1.File mu mt ct.
2.To mu mt ct n gin.
3.To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
VI.Menu.
1.Menu v file menu.
1.1.Cc loi menu
1.2.Cc loi file menu
1.3.Ti, g b mt menu
2.Ty bin mt menu
2.1.Cu trc mt file menu
2.2.Menu Macro
2.3.Pull-down Menu
2.3.1.Section ca Pull-down menu
2.3.2.Tiu ca pull-down menu
2.3.3.Tham chiu n pulldown menu
2.3.4.Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar
2.4.Shortcut menu.
2.5.Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1.Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
2.5.2.To cc AUX menu.
2.5.3.Menu swaping.
2.6.Image Tile menus
2.6.1.Section ca Image menu
2.6.2.M ta muc chon
cua menu hinh
anh

2.6.3.Goi hin
thi cac menu hinh
anh

2.6.4.Slide va th vin
slide.
2.7.Menu mn hnh.
2.7.1.Section ca menu hnh nh.
2.8.Chui ch thch thanh trng thi.
4

2.8.1.Section ca on m t chui ch thch.

2.8.2.M t chui ch thch.
2.9.To cc phm tt.
2.9.1.Section ca on m t cc phm tt
2.9.2.To phm tt
VII.Toolbar
1.cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar
1.1.To Toolbar
1.2.To nt lnh mi
1.3.Sa nt lnh
1.4.To mt Flyout
2.Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
2.1.Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c
2.2.Dng m t loi nt lnh Button
2.3.Dng m t loi nt lnh Flyout.
2.4.Dong m t nt lnh Control.

PHN I : AUTOCAD NNG CAO (24 tit)

MC CH V NI DUNG CA PHN AUTOCAD NNG CAO.
Sinh vin lm quen vi AutoCAD qua mn hc hnh ha, cc n mn hc.
Nhng phn ln SV mi ch lm quen vi AutoCAD v bit c mt s lnh c bn.
Phn AutoCAD nng cao s to cho sinh vin bit cch b cc, trnh by bn v mt cch
chuyn nghip, bit cch lm ch mi trng v ca mnh.

Chng 1 : THIT LP MI TRNG BN V (9 tit)

I. Quy nh v bn v.
1. Cc thng tin c c t bn v
a. Hnh dng
b. Vt liu (b tng, g ,)
c. Kch thc (thng qua Dim, thng qua t l + kch thc trn bn v)
d. T l
e. ng nt (thy khut)
2. Cc khng gian trong CAD
CAD cung cp 2 khng gian Model Space v Paper Space.
Model Space
L khng gian giy v
Cc thao tc v thng c thc hin trn m hnh ny.
Paper Space
Cng l mt khng gian v.
Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport,
dimension v thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.
Trong PS bn c th tham chiu n 1 hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l
khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport). (c bit quan trng trong v phi
cnh kin trc)
3 ngha ca vic thit lp mi trng bn v
3.
k. Gip ngi dng thc hin qu trnh v mt cch nhanh hn.
l. Bn v, quy cch v c thng nht thnh tiu chun v, mu ha trong nhiu
khu
m. Bn v c t chc th hin mt r rng, mch lc.
n. Thnh qu lao ng c ti s dng li mt cch chuyn nghip hn
4. Mt s quy nh chung
4.1. Khung v t l bn v
C 2 cch v :
V t do : ko nh gii hn bn v
V theo khung : Bn v c gii hn theo kh giy (lnh Limits)
Cc loi khung : khung A1,A2,A3,A4
T l bn v l t l gia kch thc trn bn v khi in ra v kch thc thc. C
cc cch v th hin t l bn v nh sau :
V theo t l 1:1, scale khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn Model Space)
V theo t l bn v. Gi nguyn khung in (ch yu dng khi v trn layout)
V theo t l bt k, khng ch t l khung in/ t l bn v (t dng)
6

Lnh MVSetup.
4.2. Quy nh v ng nt v c ch
Quy nh v ng nt khi in :
Nt lin mnh (ng bao dm, ng bao ct, cc nt thng thng) :
Nt lin m (Cc nt thp, nt ct qua,) :
Nt hach
Nt ca ch (ch dng khi font s dng SHX) :
Nt ca ng ghi ch v kch thc :
Quy nh v chiu cao ca ch : Bn v thng thng gm c hai c ch, ty theo t
l m ta t chiu cao ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin khi in ra phi m bo chiu co ch ghi
ch, chiu cao ch ca dim l 2,5mm. Chiu cao ch ca tiu l 5mm. (nu v d v
chiu cao ch v t l bn v)
Quy nh v khong cch cc Dim.
Khong cch t chn dim n dim l 10mm
Khong cch gia cc Dim song song nhau l 8mm
II. Thit lp mi trng v.
1. Text style.
Command : STyle

Style name : Tn style

New, rename, delete : To mi, thay i tn v xa mt kiu ch (Text style)
Font
Font name : Tn phng
font style : Chn font ch m rng ca font shx khi chn Use Big font
Height : Chiu cao mc nh ca font. AutoCAD s u tin s dng chiu cao
ny trong ton b bn v. Nu chiu cao ny bng 0 th AutoCAD s ly chiu
cao nhp vo khi chn text
Effects
Upside down : Ln ngc ch theo trc nm ngang
Backwards : Quay ngc ch theo trc thng ng
Vertical : Ch theo phng thng ng
7

 Width factor : Phng ch theo chiu ngang.

Oblique Angle : Gc nghing ca ch.
Preview : xem trc cc nh dng chn.
2. Layer.
Command : Layer
Bng Layer Properties Manager hin ln :

,
Filter :
To mt filter (n vo nt new filter)

Filter name : Tn ca nhm lc.

Filter definition
Status : 2 ch : ang s dng (current in use) v Tt c layer (all layer)
Name : Lc theo tn, s dng du * thay th cho mt nhm k t, du ?
thay th cho mt k t.

 On, freeze, lock, color, lineweight, Plot Style, Plot : Lc theo cc thuc tnh ca
layer.
Filter preview : Xem trc cc i layer lc.
Nu dng lnh nhiu hn mt dng c coi l iu kin hoc.

Group Layer :
To tng nhm lc. Layer trong nhm mi to khng bao gm cc layer trong bn
v. Ta c th nhp cc layer trong bn. Trong mi nhm ny ta c th to tng b lc
layer khc nhau.
Khi ta chn mt block hay chn mt xref vo th AutoCAD s t ng chn thm
group layer.
Layer States Manager
Ta c th xut cc nh dng layer ra file cha layer *.LAS

Khi cc thuc tnh ca layer b thay i, ta c th khi phc li n bng cch

import li cc thuc tnh c lu li trong file *.LAS. Ch cc layer b xa i th
s khng khi phc li c.
Cc thuc tnh c khi phc li c quy nh trong Layer setting to restore.
(Frezen : qu kh ca freeze ng bng, Thaw : s tan bng )
Turn off layers not found in layer state : Tt tt c cc layer khng tm thy trong file
*.LAS khi khi phc li thuc tnh.
3. Dimesion Style.
Command : DIMSTYLE

Set current : Chuyn dimstyle c chn sang ch o hin hnh.

New : To mi Dimstyle.
Modify : Chnh sa Dimstyle.
Override : Dng khi mun gn chng tm thi cc bin kch thc trong kiu kch
thc c chn.
Compare : So snh cc thng s trong 2 loi Dimstyle khc nhau trong bn v.
Hp thoi tao new :

Hp thoi Use for : Loi kch c p dng trong khi o

All dimension : Tt c cc loi kch thc.
Linear : Kch thc thng.

10

Angular : o gc
Radius : o bn knh
Diameter : o ng knh.
Ordinate : Ta im
Leader and tolerance : Ch thch vi ng dn v dung sai.

Frame Dimension Line : (ng kch thc)

Extend beyond ticks : Khong cch ng kch thc nh ra khi ng ging
khi ta chn arrowheads l gch cho.
Baseline spacing : Khong cch gia ng kch thc trong chui kch thc
song song.
Suppress : B qua ng kch thc th nht, th hai, v c th nht ln th
hai.
M t trong hnh v di y :
Frame Dimension Line:
Extend beyond dim lines : khong ng ging nh ra khi ng kch thc.
Offset from origin : Khong cch t gc ng ging n u ng ging.
Suppress :B qua ng ging th nht, th hai, c hai ng ging.
M t trong hnh v di y.

Arrowheads : (Mi tn)

1st : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th nht.
2nd : Dng mi tn cho u kch thc th hai.
Leader : Dng mi tn cho u ng ch thch.
Arrow size : ln u mi tn. Chn User arrow, khi hp thoi hin ra, ta
nhp tn block dng lm mi tn vo hp thoi.
Center Marks for Circles : (Du tm v ng tm)

11

Type : Dng du tm (mark), ng tm (line) hay khng hin g (none).

Size : kch thc du tm.

Text Appearance:
Text style : Chn tn kiu ch hin ln trong kch thc. Ta c th lm hin
bng text style trong [] bn cnh text style.
Text color : Mu ch
Fill color : mu nn ca ch.
Text height : Chiu cao ca ch.
Fraction height scale : Gn t l gia chiu cao ch s dung sai v ch s kch
thc.
Draw frame around text : V khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc.
Text Placement :
Vertical : iu chnh v tr ch theo phng thng ng.
Center : Ch s nm gia ng kch thc.
Above : Ch s nm trn ng kch thc.
Outside : v tr nm ngoi ng kch thc v xa im gc o nht.
JIS (Japanese industrial Standards) : v tr ch ca ng kch thc theo tiu
chun Nht.
Horizontal : V tr ca ch so vi phng nm ngang.
Centered : nm gia hai ng ging.
1 st Extension Line : Ch s nm v pha ng ging th nht. Khong
cch t ch n ng ging bng tng chiu di mi tn v bin Offset from
dim line
Offset from dim line : khong cch t ch n ng kch thc. TC khong 1-2
mm.Nu ch nm gia ng kch thc th y l khong cch gia ch v 2
nhnh ca ng kch thc.Nu bin ny m th AutoCAD s t ng chuyn
s ny thnh dng.
Text Alignment : iu chnh hng ca ch.
Horizontal : ch lun lun nm ngang.
12

 Aligned with dimension line : ch c ging song song vi ng kch thc.

ISO Standard : ch s song song vi ng kch thc khi n nm trong hai
ng ging, v s nm ngang trong trng hp nm ngc li.

Fit Options : th ny s kim tra xem, nu ch trng th s t text v ng

kch thc theo ng v tr quy nh mc trc. Cn nu khng ch trng ghi
text th text v ng kch thc s c ghi theo cc quy nh sau :
Either the text or the arrows whichever fits best :
Khi ch trng th text v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho text th mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th text s c v ra ngoi.
Arrows :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho mi tn th mi tn s c v trong 2 ng ging
cn ch th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho mi tn th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Text :
Khi ch cho ch v mi tn th c hai s nm gia hai ng ging.
Khi ch ch cho Text th Text s c v trong 2 ng ging cn mi
tn th c v ra ngoi.
Khi khng ch cho Text th c text v mi tn s c v ra ngoi.
Both text and arrouws : Khi khng choc ho ch s hoc mi tn th c hai s
c v ra ngoi.
Always keep text between ext lines : ch s v kch thc lun lun nm gia hai
ng ging.
Suppress arrows if they dont fit inside the extension lines : s khng xut hin
mi tn nu gia hai ng ging khng ch trng v.
Text Placement : quy nh v tr ca ch s kch thc khi di chuyn chng ra khi
v tr mc nh

13

 Beside the dimension line : Sp xp bn cnh ng ging.

Over the dimension line, with a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc km
theo mt ng dn.
Over the dimension line, without a leader : sp xp ra ngoi ng kch thc
m km theo bt k mt ng dn no.
Scale for Dimension Features :
Use overall scale of : Phong
toan
b cc bin kch thc theo t l ny. Ring gi
tr ch s o c khng b thay i.
Scale dimensions to layout (paper space) : Dng trong paper space. Nghin cu
sau.
Fine Tuning : gn mt s la chn b xung.
Place text manually when dimensioning : t v tr text bng cch t chn v tr
sau mi ln o.
Always draw dim line between ext lines : Lun lun v ng kch thc nm
gia hai ng ging.

Linear Dimensions : gn dng v n v cho kch thc di

Unit format : Gn dng n v cho tt c cc loi kch thc,
ngoi tr kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Decimal.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong
gi tr o c.
Fraction format : Gn dng cho phn s, cc la chn bao
gm : Digonal, Horizontal v not stacked.
Dicimal separator : Quy nh v du ngn cch gia phn
thp phn v phn nguyn.
Round off : Quy nh v cch lm trn. VD nhp vo 0.15 th tt
c cc s o s lm trn n 0.15
Prefix/ Suffix : Tin t v hu t ca text o c.
Measurement Scale :

14

 Scale factor : chiu di o c s c nhn vi bin ny ra chiu di hin

th trong dim.
Apply to layout dimensions only : Dng trong paper space, cha nhgin cu y
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50
2.5
Angular Dimensions :
Unit format : Gn dng n v cho kch thc gc. Theo TCVN ta chn Degreesl.
Precision : Quy nh s cc s thp phn s xut hin trong gi tr o c.
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50
2.5

Alternate units : gn cc n v lin kt. Gn dng v chnh xc n v chiu di,

gc, kch thc v t l ca n v o lin kt (gia inch v minimeter)
Display alternate units : Hin th kch thc lin kt( l dng kch thc nh km
vi kch thc lin kt chnh, v d nh kch thc lin kt chnh l minimeter, cn kch
thc lin kt l inch. Kch thc lin kt ph l kch thc i km gii thch cho kch
thc chnh)
Alternate units
Unit format : Gn n v lin kt.
Precision :Gn s cc s thp phn c ngha da trn dng n v di v gc m
bn chn.
Multiplier for alt units : Chnh s t l gia n v kch thc chnh v n v
kch thc lin kt.
Round distance to : Quy nh quy tc lm trn s cho kch thc lin kt
15

 Prefix : Tin t cho kch thc lin kt.

Suffix : Hu t cho kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading :B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing :B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50
2.5
Placement : nh v v tr t kch thc lin kt
After primary value : t v tr kch thc lin kt sau v tr kch thc lin kt
chnh.
Below primary value : t kch thc lin kt di v tr kch thc lin kt
chnh.

Tolerance : iu khin s hin th v hnh dng ca cc ch s dung sai.

Tolerance Fomat
Methode : Gn phng php tnh dung sai kch thc.

None : khng thm vo sau kch thc sai lch gi hn gi

tr dung sai.
Symmetrical : Du xut hin trc cc gi tr dung sai.
Khi sai lch gii hn trn v sai lch gii hn di s c
gi tr tuyt i bng nhau. Ta ch cn nhp gi tr vo
upper value.
Deviation : Sai lch gii hn m v dng khc nhau, khi ta in sai lch
gii hn m vo Lower value v sai lch gii hn dng vo Upper value.
Limits : To nn cc kch thc gii hn. Kch thc gii hn trn bng kch
thc danh ngha cng vi gi tr sai lch gii hn trn (Upper value), kch
thc gii hn di bng kch thc danh ngha tr i gii hn di (Lower
value) .

16

 Basic : To mt khung ch nht bao quanh ch s kch thc. Khong cch t

ch s kch thc n khung ch nht bng khong cch t ch s kch thc
n ng kch thc khi khng chn mc ny.

Precision : Hin th v gn s cc s thp phn c ngha.

Upper value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn trn.
Lower value : Hin th v gn sai lch gii hn di.
Scaling for height : T s gia chiu cao ch s kch thc v ch s dung sai kch
thc.
Vertical position : Quy nh im canh l ca cc gi tr dung sai
dng symmetrical. Bao gm 3 kiu (Bottom, middle, top).

kt.

Alternate Unit Tolerance: quy nh cch thc gn chnh xc cho kch thc lin
Precision : Hin th v gn chnh xc cho dung sai kch thc lin kt.
Zero suppression :
Leading : B nhng s 0 ng trc khng c ngha VD 0.25 .25
Trailing : B qua nhng s 0 khng c ngha trong phn thp phn VD 2.50
2.5

4. Hatch.
Command : BHATCH

17

The Hatch
Type : C 3 mu mt ct :
Predefinied : Cho php ta chn mu mt ct trong file
ACAD.PAT. C 3 loi mt ct l ANSI (American
National Standards Institute), ISO (International
Standards Organisation) v Other Predefined
Custom : Chn mu mt ct c to t cc file .PAT
User Defined : Dng chn mu cc on thng song song. Khi ta nhp vo
khong cch gia cc ng (spacing) v gc nghing (angle) ca hatch.
Swatch (mu mt ct) : Hin h mu mt ct chn. Nu chn mu mt ct l
Solid th swatch hin th thuc tnh mu ca hatch.

Custom pattern : Chn cc mu la chn cha trong file .PAT

Pattern : Chn cc mu c sn trong file ACAD.PAT
Angle : Gc nghing ca hatch
Scale : T l phng
Iso pen with : Nu chn mu theo ISO th cho php chn chiu rng ca bt khi xut
bn v ra giy
Double : Ch c tc dng khi ta chn User Defined Pattern. Double Hatch cho php
ta to thm cc ng mt ct vung gc. Hnh thnh li vung lin tip nhau.
Pick points, Select objects : Chn mt vng khp kn.
Remove Island : B i mt vng nh trong vng chn
Inherit Properties : Ly mu mt ct t mt hatch t trn bn v
Associative : Nu chn mc ny th hacth s t ng bm dnh ly cc ng bin.
C th l khi ta di chuyn ng bin hay mt object bn trong hatch, Hatch s t ng
thay i bm ly cc object v boundary.

18

The Advanced
Island detection style : Chn kiu v mt ct nh m t trong hnh km theo :
Object type (mu mt ct) : Nu chn Retain boundaries th ng bin sau khi
hatch s tr thnh dng polyline hoc Region..
Buondary set : Chn khi xc nh ng bin bng pick point.
Current viewport : Ch gii hn trong ca s nhn
hin hnh.
Chn new chn mt gii hn cho lnh pick
point. Khi buondary set s thnh Existing set
Island detection method : m t cch xc nh
cc island.
Food : Cc island c xem l cc i tng bin.
Ray casting : D tm ng bin theo im ta ch nh theo hng ngc chiu
kim ng h.

19

One color : Phi gia mu c chn v mu trng.

Tint : Mu nh.
Shade : Mu m.
Two color : Phi gia hai mu c chn.
Center : ng tm.
Angle : gc quay ca mu.

5. Lnh LineType.
Command : Linetype

20

Hp
thoai LineType Manager.
Global scale factor (lnh ltscale) : quy nh t l phng to hay thu nh ng
thng ( Dng khi ng thng khng phi l nt lin)
Current object scale (lnh celtscale) Quy nh t l dng ng cho i tng
sp v. V d : Khi bin ltscale bng 2, bin celtscale bng 0.5 khi i tng
sp v s c t l dng ng l 1.
Linetype filters : Lc cc ng hin th trn linetype manager. Nt invert filter l
ph nh ca hp filter .
6. Block v Thuc tnh ca Block.
6.1. Block
Command : block.

Name : Ti a 255 k t.
Object.
Retain : Gi li cc i tng chn nh l cc i tng ring bit
Convert to block : Chuyn tt c cc i tng thnh group lun.
Delete : Xa tt c cc i tng chn sau khi to block.
Preview icon : Cho php xem trc block nh mt Icon.
Drag and drop units : Ch nh n v ca block trong trng hp c s thay i
t l khi ko t AutoCAD DesignCenter vo bn v.
Description :
Hyperlink :
6.2. Thuc tnh ca Block
nh ngha thuc tnh
Thuc tnh l thnh phn ca mt block c th l dng ch nh km theo khi
(block). N nh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh v cc dng nhc hin th khi chn block vi
thuc tnh.
21

To thuc tnh cho khi.

Lnh Attdef (Define attributes) : Cho php nh ngha cc thuc tnh ca block. Thi
thc hin lnh Attdef hp thoi sau s hin ln :

Cc la chn ca hp thoi Attribute Definition nh sau :

Mode :
Attribute modes : Phng thc thuc tnh. Gm 4 la chn xc nh c xut hin v
gi tr thuc tnh : Invisible. Constant, Verify v present.
Invisible : sau ki chn block vi thuc tnh th thuc tnh s khng hin ln trn
mn hnh. La chn ny s gip cho vic ti to bn v c nhanh hn. Cc c
th iu khin li s hin th ca cc thuc tnh bng vic thay i li la chn
trong lnh Attdisp.
Constant : cac gia tri thuc tinh
se khng thay i.
Khi o son tho Prompt trn
vng attribute s c che i.
Verify : khi chn block cng cc thuc tnh th dng nhc thm tra li s chnh
xc ca cc thuc tnh va nhp s c hin ln.
Preset : AutoCAD khng cho php nhp gi tr thuc tnh khi s dng lnh insert
chn, tuy nhin thuc tnh ny c th thay i bng lnh Attedit.
Attribute : gn d liu cho cc thuc tnh (attribute data). Bn c th nhp ti a
256k t, Du gch ch (\) s thay cho k t trng. Nu bn mun nhp k t \ th phi
nhp hai k t gch cho cnh nhau.
Tag : Xc nh tn ca tag. C th cha k t bt k ngoi tr du cch v du
chm than. AutoCAD s t ng thay th ch thng thnh ch hoa.
Prompt : nh dng nhc thuc tnh, s c hin th khi bn mun chn block
cha thuc tnh. Nu bn chn constant th vng mode ny s khng hin ln.
Value : nh ngha gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh.

22

Insertion point : nh v tr cho thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr ta hoc chn pick point
nh v tr im trc tip chn trn bn v.
Text options : gn cc nh dng k t cho ch (attribute text).
Justification : nh im canh l cho dng ch thuc tnh (Nh lnh DText)
Text Style : nh kiu ch cho dng ch thuc tnh.
Height : nh chiu cao ca dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gi tr vo ny hoc
chn height< nhp chiu cao bng cch nhp hai im trn bn v. Nu bn
nhp chiu cao ca Text style trong lnh Style th height s b m i.
Rotation : Ch nh gc nghing cho dng ch thuc tnh. Nhp gc quay vo
rotaion. Nu bn chn Align hoc fit trn danh sch justufication th la chn ny
s c che m i.
Align below previous attribute definition : sp xp cc attribute tag ngay bn di
thuc tnh nh ngha trc ( cho trng hp block c nhiu thuc tnh).
Nu trc bn cha to bt k mt thuc tnh no th la chn ny s m i.
Hiu chnh cc nh ngha thuc tnh.
Lnh Ddedit (vit tt ED). Bng Edit Attribute Definition hin ra nh sau :

Bn c th chnh li cc thng s ca thuc tnh ri n nt OK.

Ngoi ra ta c th s dng lnh change thay i cc nh ngha thuc tnh hin c.
Gn thuc tnh cho block.
gn thuc tnh cho block ta gn thuc tnh cho block khi nh ngha block ngha l
khi to block ta chn thm nh ngha.
Trnh t chn cc thuc tnh quy nh trnh t hin th cc dng nhc khi bn chn
block vi thuc tnh bng lnh insert.
Chn block vi thuc tnh vo trong bn v.
Chn block c thuc tnh bng lnh insert cng nh chn block bnh thng. Tuy
nhin nu bin ATTDIA = 1 th xut hin hp thoi Enter Attributes, trn hp thoi ny ta
nhp cc gi tr thuc tnh. Ph thuc vo s lng cc thuc tnh m ta gn cho block m
ta c s lng cc TextBox nhiu hay t. Ngc li nu ATTDIA = 0 th hp thoi ny s
khng c hin ln. ta nhp cc thuc tnh ca block di dng lnh.

23

Xim ang
ViN aC om ex
14

iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh.

Lnh Attdisp iu khin s hin th ca cc thuc tnh block ti bn v hin hnh.
Bin ny l ON th s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block. Bin ny l OFF th cc thuc tnh
ny s khng c hin th ln. Vic tt s hin th cc thuc tnh ca block khi khng
cn hit s lm cho bn v c ti tao nhanh hn.
Command: attdisp
Enter attribute visibility setting [Normal/ON/OFF] <Normal>: of
Regenerating model.
Cp nht thay i.
Lnh Attsync cho php cp nht nhng g thay i ca block ch nh vi cc
thuc tnh hin hnh xc nh cho block.
V d khi thay i cc thuc tnh, sau ta nh ngha li block. Dng lnh AttSync
update li cc thuc tnh ca block.
Command: attsync
Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: ?
24

Attributed blocks: 123

Enter an option [?/Name/Select] <Select>: N
Enter name of block to sync or [?]: 123
Chn block cn cp nht chn select.
Nhp ? lit k danh sch block c.
Ch nh tn ca block cn cp nht chn Name.
Hiu chnh thuc tnh ca block.
Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Attedit
Lnh Attedit cho php bn hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca block chn vo trong bn
v. Khi nh lnh ny hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln. Tuy nhin lnh ny ch cho
php hiu chnh block vi thuc tnh mt cch ring l.

Lnh -Attedit
Edit attributes one at a time? [Yes/No] <Y>: N
Performing global editing of attribute values.
Edit only attributes visible on screen? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Enter block name specification <*>:
Enter attribute tag specification <*>:
Enter attribute value specification <*>:

Sa nhiu thuc tnh mt lc

Chn tt c cc block
chn Ximang ca block th
nht.
chn Thep ca block th hai.
Chn Ximang ca block th
ba

Select Attributes: 1 found

Select Attributes: 1 found
Select Attributes: 1 found
Select Attributes:
3 attributes selected.
Enter string to change: Ximang

Thay nhng chui l Ximang

25

thnh chui Cat

Enter new string: Cat

Trc khi hiu chnh

Xim ang
ViN aC om ex

Thep
VietU c

Xim ang
ViN aC om ex

21

25

12

Sau khi hiu chnh

C at
ViN aC om ex

Thep
VietU c

C at
ViN aC om ex

21

25

12

Hiu chnh thuc tnh bng lnh Eattedit.

Lnh Eattedit (hoc nhy kp chut) hp thoi Enhanced Attribute Editor c
hin th :
Command: Ettedit
Select block reference:
Nu block bn chn khng cha thuc tnh hoc i tng chn khng phi l block
th xut hin dng thng bo li. Bn phi chn li block khc.

26

Select Block : chn block trn bn v.

Apply : Cp nht cc thay i cu thuc tnh.
Attribute :
Hin th Tag, Prompt v Value gn cho mi thuc tnh
Value : Gn gi tr cho thuc tnh c chn.

Text Options : gn cc thuc tnh cho text. Cc la chn nh trong hp thoi to

thuc tnh cho block.
TextStyle :Kiu text thuc tnh s hin ln mn hnh.
Justification : Ch nh im canh l cho text thuc tnh.
Height : Ch nh chiu cao dng ch thuc tnh.
Rotation : Ch nh gc quay thuc tnh dng ch thuc tnh.
Backwards : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng theo phng thng ng.
Upside down : Ch nh dng ch thuc tnh i xng phng ngang.
Oblique Angle : Ch nh nghing dng ch thuc tnh.

27

Propertie : xc nh lp cha thuc tnh chiu rng nt in, dng ng, mu,.
Layer : Ch r lp cha thuc tnh
LineType : ch nh dng ng.
Color : ch nh mu ca text thuc tnh.
Plot Style : Ch r kiu in ca thuc tnh. Nu bn v s dng kiu in hin
hnh l kiu in theo mu th bng ny s c lm m i.
LineWeight : Ch r chiu rng net ca thuc tnh.
Hiu chnh cc tnh cht ca thuc tnh.
S dng lnh Battman hiu chnh cc tnh cht thuc tnh ca nh ngha block.
Khi nh lnh Battman hp thoi Block Attribute Manager hin ln nh sau :

Chn Edit th hp thoi Edit Attribute s hin ln nh sau :

28

Th Attribute : nh trnh by trong mc to thuc tnh.

Data : Bn c th sa gi tr ca Tag, Prompt, Default.

Th Text Options : chn cc nh dng v ch.

Backwards : i xng theo phng thng ng
Upside down: i xng theo phng ngang.
Cc la chn khc nh trong phn to thuc tnh ca khi.

29

Th Properties : bao gm cc la chn v layer, color, linetype,

Nu chn setting th hp thoi setting s hin ln nh sau

Trch thng tin thuc tnh.

Sau khi tao
va chen
block vi thuc tinh
vao
ban
ve, ta co th trich
thng tin ca block
ra file nh dng ACII (.TXT). Cc thng ny c th c s dng bi mt s phn mm
khc.
Lnh Attext (Attribute Extaction).

30

 Format file : chn cc nh dng format file AutoCAD duyt qua nh s trnh
by di y.
Select Object : chn cc block cn trch thng tin. S lng cc block chn th
hin trong Number found.
Output File : chn file s xut thng tin ra.
File thng tin thuc tnh (Format file).
Thng tin thuc tnh ch c trch khi tn Tag ph hp vi tn trng c nh
ngha trong file mu. Lnh Attext nh trnh by trn cho ta 3 nh dng ca file mu
(format file).
Comma delimited file (CDF)
Space delimited file (SDF)
DXF Format Extract File (DXX)
CDF l nh dng trong thuc tnh ca mi block c chn s c l mt
record. Du (,) s tch trng cu mi record, du () bao quanh trng k t.
SDF l nh dng to ra file cha ng mt record cho mi tham kho block. Mi
trng ca mt record c chiu di c nh v khng dung bt k mt du phn cch no
gia cc trng cng nh cc chui k t.
DXX l nh dng to nn tp hp con nh dng file trao i bn v ca AutoCAD
trong DXX l mt phn nh ca DXF. File DXX khng i hi file nh dng v n theo
nh dng ca DXF file.
Cu trc ca file mu thng tin thuc tnh.
File mu c trnh cha tt c cc thng tin lin quan n attribute, name, location,
ca block. Sau khi nh ngha file mu, AutoCAD s s dng to ra cc file thng
tin ca block.
V d file mu di y cha tt c cc thng tin c th trch ra t block.
Field
Format
Explanation
BL: LEVEL
NWWW000
Mc block lng nhau
BL: NAME
CWWW000
Tn block
BL: X
NWWWPPP
Honh X im chn
BL: Y
NWWWPPP
Tung Y im chn
31

BL: Z
BL: NUMBER
BL: HANDLE
BL: LAYER
BL: ORIENT
BL: XSCALE
BL: YSCALE
BL: ZSCALE
BL: XEXTRUDE

NWWWPPP
NWWW000
CWWW000
CWWW000
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP

BL: YEXTRUDE
BL: ZEXTRUDE
BL: SPACE

NWWWPPP
NWWWPPP
CWWWPPP

Cao Z im chn
Block counter
Block handle
Tn layer khi chn block
Gc quay ca block
T l phng theo trc X
T l phng theo trc Y
T l phng theo trc Z
Thnh phn X ca hng dn ra ca
block.
Thnh phn Y dng trong v 3D
Thnh Phn Z
Chn mt khong trng vo v tr ny.

Ngoi cc thng tin trn ta cn c th trch cc thng tin thuc tnh i km ca block
(Attributes tag) nh v d sau :
Attribute tag
Hang
Soluong

Format
CWWWPPP
NWWW000

Gii thch nh dng m t (Fomat) : TWWWPPP

T : k t u tin s quy nh gi tr ca thuc tnh l ch hay s (C :character, N
: number).
WWW : s quy nh di ca gi tr thuc
tnh (bao gm c du phy v du chm
phn cch gia phn thp phn v phn
nguyn).
PPP : chnh xc i vi s cn i vi
tt c cc k t ta dng 000.
V d N006002 : quy nh gi tr l s (N), gi tr
c th ln ti 999.99 (v 006 bao gm c du chm v
002 cho php ly chnh xc ti 2 ch s thp phn).
V d v file mu .
S dng trnh son tho NotePad to ra file
vl.txt c ni dung nh sau :
BL : NAME
BL : X
BL : Y
BL : SPACE
TENVL
HANG
KHOILUONG

C004000
N008002
N008002
C002000
C012000
C006000
N008000

Khi file trch thng tin ca ta c dng nh sau

:

32

Xut thng tin thuc tinh

block bng
lnh
Eattext
anh
lnh
Eattext, hp
thoai Attribute Extraction wizard hin
ln :

Drawings
Select object : chon
mt hoc nhiu
block.
Current drawing : chon
tt ca cac thuc tinh
cua tt ca cac block co trong ban
ve.
Select drawing : chon ban ve khac.

Drawing files : ng dn
cua file cha block cn
trich
thng tin.

33

Include xrefs : bao gm

cac thng tin thuc tinh
cua cac tham khao
ngoai.

Include nested blocks : bao gm

cac thng tin cua cac block lng.

Use template : s dung

cac dinh
dang
mu
(file template).
No template : khng s dung
cac dinh
dang
mu
(file template).

34

Chon
cac thng tin cn
trich
ra trong hp
attributes for block.
Chon
cac block se trich
thng tin trong hp
blocks.

Chon
anternate view chuyn
i gia cac kiu
nhin.

Ghi lai cac thit lp

va thao tac ln
sau dung
lai.
File template co dang
*.BLK

35

Ta co th ghi lai cac thng tin trich

di dang
cac file khac nhau.
Vi du nh Excel :

6.3. Quan
ly cac block.
S dung
Acad Design Center
Ta co th s dng ca s acad Design center qun l cc block. C th ly cc
block t bn v khc, c th preview trc, ri ko th vo bn v ca mnh.
S dung
chc nng keo
tha cua Window
Khi ta lm vic vi Internet Explore ta c th s dng chc nng ko th cc icon (cc
file ca AutoCAD) chn vo bn v. Cc bn v c chn vo nh l mt i tng
block.
7. Ghi cc thit lp mi trng bn v thnh TemPlate.
8. Cc ty chn trong menu Option
III.

Gii thiu Express Tools.

36

Chng 2 : LAYOUT VA IN N
(6 tit)
I. Lm vic vi Layout
1. Paper Space
Khi nim v vng nhn tnh v ng
Vng nhn tnh (Tiled Viewport)
AutoCad cho php bn chia mn hnh thnh nhiu hnh ch nht. Bn c th hin th
cc vng nhn khc nhau ca bn v trn cc hnh ch nht . Mc ch phc v cho vic
quan st bn v mt cch d dng hn. Vng nhn tnh ch c trong Model Space (MS).
Mt s c tnh ca Tiled Viewport :
Khng quant trng l bn c bao nhiu khung nhn, chng lun lun c sp
sp cnh nhau v ph kn ton mn hnh
Ti mt thi im ch c mt khung nhn Active. Khung nhn Active lun c
vin m
Crosshair ch xut hin trn Active viewport
UCS (User Coordinate System) Icon lun xut hin ti tt c cc khung nhn
S thay i ca cc i tng bn v trn mt khung nhn s ngay lp tc s
c th hin trn cc khung nhn cn li.
AutoCAD cho php bn to ra ti a 96 khung nhn
Bn c th bt u lnh t mt khung nhn v kt thc lnh mt khung nhn
khc.
Ngoi ra bn cn c th ghi li cu hnh ca cc khung nhn, phc v cho mc
ch khi phc li cc khung nhn nu mun.
Vng nhn ng (Floating Viewport)
Vng nhn ng ch c trong Paper Sapce (PS), bn ch s dng n khi mun th hin
mt vng ca bn v trn MS trong PS. Theo mc inh, ch c mt Floating view (FV)
trong mt PS. Tuy nhin bn c th to ra nhiu hn mt nu bn mun.
FV c mt s c tnh sau
Khng ging nh Tiled Viewport (TV), FV l mt Object tht, bn c th xo,
move v stretch n. Bn c th hin th n trn layer ring bit, v cn c th bt
tt ch hin th ng bao ca n. Chng khng in y mn hnh nh TV
m bn c th t do thit k kch thc v v tr ca chng.
Trong PS, Crosshairs khng b gi hn trong mt vng nhn ng.
Bn c th thit lp s hin th ca UCS Icon trong tng FV
Bn c th to nhiu FV trong PS v chng s c lu li cng vi bn v.
Tt c nhng g bn v trn MS u c trong PS. Tri li, nhng g bn v trn
PS ch tn ti trn PS, khng tn ti trn bn v khi bn tr v MS.
Sau khi bn v xong trong MS, bn chuyn sang PS v. Trn khng gian PS
bn c th v thm or chnh sa cc Object trn MS bng cch Double click vo
FV. Khi FV lm vic ging ht nh TV.
Khi nim : Tab Layout cho php truy sut n 1 vng c gi l Paper space.
Trong paper space (PS), bn c th chn title block, to cc layout viewport, dimension v
thm cc notes trc khi in bn v.
PS v MS l 2 khng gian lm vic ring l. Trong PS ta c th tham chiu n 1
hoc nhiu vng ca MS vi cc t l khc nhau thng qua cc ca s (viewport).
Mc ch : Ngi ta thng s dng PS trong trng hp
C nhiu hnh v vi t l khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (V k thut XD).

37

 Mun in hnh v vi cc gc nhn khc nhau trn cng mt bn v (v kin

trc).
Mun in hnh v vi cc gc xoay khc nhau (in tuyn ng trong cu ng)
Cc bc
u tin ta v cc hnh v trn MS
Sau chuyn sang PS chn cc Note, dimension v cc leader.
Cc thao tc vi PS
Trong PS bn cng c th view, edit cc PS Object nh layout viewport v tile block.
Mc nh ca CAD, mt bn v c 2 layout tab, c tn l Layout1 v layout2. Tuy
nhin n s c tn khc nu bn s dng cc template khc.
Bn c th to mt layout bng cc cch sau :
Add new layout without setting sau s thit lp cc thng s cho n sau.
S dng chc nng Creat layout wizard v thit lp ngay cc thng s cho n.
Import layout t mt bn v c sn (DWG or DWT)
Add a new Layout
Click insert menuLayout New Layout.
Enter the name of the new layout on the command line.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, choose the layout tab.
To import a layout from a template
Click Insert menuLayoutLayout from Template.
In the Select File dialog box, select a DWT or DWG file to import a layout from
Click Open.
In the Insert Layout(s) dialog box, select a layout to import.
A new layout tab is created. To switch to the new layout, click the layout tab.
To create a layout using a wizard
Click Insert menu Layout Layout Wizard.
On each page of the Create Layout wizard, select the appropriate settings for the
new layout.
Trong PS, Ban
cung
co th :
Duplicate a layout
Rename a layout
Delete a layout
Rearrange layout tabs
Make a layout current
Sctivate the previous layout
Click Select All Layouts.
Plot a layout
2. Cac thao tac trn Viewport cua Paper Space
2.1. Tao cac Viewport
u tin bn chuyn sang Paper Space, sau dng lnh MVIEW.
Trong Layout, bn c th to nhiu ca s Viewport khc nhau, bn c th b tr,
sp xp cc viewport theo mc ch ca bn. Theo mc nh, Autocad cho php bn to
ti a l 64 viewports , ta c th thay i s lng viewport bng cch thay i bin h
thng MAXACTVP.
Trong Viewport ta cng c th v cc i tng bn v nh trong Model space.
Ngoi ra ta cn c th tham chiu n mt vng bn v no ca Model Space vi mt t
l t sn. tham chiu n mt vng no ca Model Space ta dng lnh MSPACE
sau chn viewport m tat ham cn hiu chnh.

38

S dng chc nng zoom t bn v trong Model Space vo Paper Space vi t l

nh mong mun.. Ti y ta cng c th chnh sa, thm bt cc i tng ca m trng
Model Space. Cc thay i ny s c ghi li trong Model Space.
quay v mi trng Paper Space ta nh lnh PSpace.
2.2. Ct xen
ng bao Viewport
Autocad cho php bn ct xn cc ng bin ca viewport phc v cho cc mc
ch ring ca bn. Lnh Vclip cho php bn ct xn thep mt hnh ch nht hay polygon
bt k. C php nh sau :
Ti dng lnh nh vpclip.
Select the viewport to clip : chn viewport cn ct xn.
Enter d (Delete) to delete the clipping boundary : nhn D xa ng bin ct
xn trc .
Enter p (Polygonal) : nhn P to ng bin a gic ct xn mi.
Specify points, or select the object, to define the new viewport boundary.
Shortcut menu Select the viewport to clip, right-click in the drawing area, and then
choose Viewport Clip
2.3. Ty l trong tng
Viewport
Bn c th t t l
trong tng viewport bng
lnh zoom nh ni
trn, tuy nhin t vi mt
t l chnh xc bng cch
thay i t l ca viewport
trong ca s Propertie
(Ctrl_1).
V d : gi s t l v trong bn v l 1 : 25, ta t trong MiscCustom : 0.04.
Nu mun c nh t l cng nh khung nhn, bn chuyn la chn Display locked
2.4. Layer trong tng Viewport
Layer c th n hin trong tng Viewport khc nhau l khc nhau.

Ct th 4 (Freeze) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport.

Ct th 12 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tng viewport.
Ct th 13 (Freeze Viewport) : c chc nng ng (tan) bng cho tt c cc viewport
mi sp c to.
39

2.5. n
hin
viewport
n hin viewport ph thuc vo trng thi thng s On
trong th Misc ca ca s Properties khi ta chn ng bao ca
ca s viewport.
2.6. n
hin
ng bao viewport
n hin ng bao ca cc viewport, bn to ra mt
layer mi cha ng bao ca viewport m bn mun n hin
n. Sau , vic n hin ng bao s ph thuc vo trng thi
bt tt ca layer cha ng bao.
2.7. Scale LineType
Qun l t l Line Type trong Paper Space thng qua bin
h thng Psltscale.
PsLtScale = 1 : t l dng ng s c nhn vi t l phng ca viewport.
PsLtScale = 0 : t l dng ng s c gi nguyn nh trong Model Space cho
d bn c phng in t l bao nhiu i chng na.

2.8. Cc hiu chnh khc i vi Viewport

Quay s hin thi trong Layout, dng thng hang cc khung nhn, to khung nhn mi,
chnh t l khung nhn. Tham kho lnh MvSetup.
3. Cac chu y khi in nhiu
ti l trong mt ban
ve
u
tin tao
cac Dim c ban.
Cac dimstyle khac se c tao da trn dimstyle c
ban
ban u,
bng
cach
thay i
.
Cn
chu y khi o kich
thc, khoang
cach
t dim n
i tng dim phai phu hp
vi ty l in cua i tng o.
Cac
thit lp
Page setup ging
nh trong Plot (xem phn
sau).
Kt lun
: Nhin chung, i vi ban ve cn in n vi ty l tuyt i chinh
xac,
cac ban ve
kin
truc cn
ct xen
khung nhin
thi nn dung
Paper space. Con
i vi ban
ve binh
thng
thi khng cn ve trn Paper Space

II. iu
khin
in n.

Trong cc cng ty nh, sau khi hon thnh bn v, ngi ta nguyn c bn v

mang ra qun in v thng nht vi qun in cc nt in.
Trong cc cng ty ln hn, sau khi hon thnh bn v, h s quy nh ng nt in.
thng nht ng nt in, ngi ta s to ra mt file c ui l *.ctb nm trong th mc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles, sau s lu file ny li v copy cho tt c mi thnh vin trong cng ty. (file ny ta
s nghin cu k hn phn sau)

40

i vi cc cng ty c quy m ln, nhiu b mn chung mt xng in. Ngi ta s

in bn v ra di dng file c ui *.PLT. File ny c th in bt k my in no m khng
cn n phn mm AutoCad. N tng t nh khi ta chuyn cc file vn bn sang *.PDF
in n. i vi cc loi file ny, ta khng cn quan tm n font, ng nt. V ung
nt c t khi ra in ra file.
1. Khai bo thit b in.
in n, vo menu file Plot hoc n t hp phm (Ctrl_P). Hp thoi Plot hin ra
nh sau :

Trong mc Page setupname l tn ca Page setup. Bn c th import Page setup t

cc bn v khc. Page setup c lu cng vi file dwg. Sau khi bn khai bo xong tt c
cc thng s bn di, bn n vo Command box Add thm mt Page setup vo trong
bn v ca bn.
Chn my in trong mc Printer/plot.
Chn kch kh giy Paper size.
Chn vn in trong Plot area , s c 3 la chn nh hnh bn, ty
theo mc ch s dng ca ngi in.
Display : vng in l ca s hin hnh ca bn v.
Extents : vng in l c bn v.
Limits : vng in l vng limits ca bn v
Window : vng in l mt ca s m bn s nh ngha sau .
iu chnh l ca giy in trong Plot offset (origin set to ptintable area)
Xem trc khi in trong mc Preview.
iu chnh t l in trong Plot Scale.

41

iu chnh hng in (giy nm ngang hay thng ng) trong mc Drawing

orientation.
iu chnh in n trong m hnh 3D
As displayed : nh hin th trn mn hnh.
Wireframe : theo m hnh khung dy (hin th
ng bao ca i tng)
Hiden : b qua nhng i tng, nhng
ng bao b che khut bi mt i tng
khc.
Rendered : Render tt c cc object trc khi
xut bn.
Plotstyle Table : iu khin nt in. y l phn quan trng nht.
V d chn kiu nt in : A4.INKIEM.CTB. cc file ny c lu trong th mc
C:\Documents and Settings\User\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2006\R16.2\enu\Plot
Styles.
Di y l ngha mt s kiu in c sn :

to mi, bn chn new. Hp thoi new hin ln nh sau :

Chn Start from scratch.

42

My s to ra file test.ctb

Bn vo nt Plot style table editor hiu chnh nt in

43

Color : Chnh mu ca cc nt v. Nu bn
khng in mu th nn chuyn n thnh mu en.

2. In ra file *.PLT
Ch cn tch vo nt
ng dn ca file *.plt.

, sau bm nt lnh Plot, my s hi tn file vo

44

Chng 3 : LM VIC VI D LIU (6 tit)

I. Tham kho ngoi
1. Gii thiu v tham kho ngoi.
Tham khao
ngoai la s lin kt mt ban ve bt ky (c goi la ban ve chinh)

vi mt
hay nhiu
ban ve khac (goi la bant ve xref External references). Nu ta chen mt ban ve vao
trong mt ban ve thi ban ve c chen se c inh
dang
la mt Block va se c lu cung

vi ban ve chinh.

Nu
ta chinh
ban
ve c chen
thi block se khng c cp
nht lai.
Nu

ta chen
mt ban
ve vao
trong nhiu
ban
ve khac di dang
block thi vic cp
nht block khi
block o co vai s thay i se rt mt thi gian vi ta phai thay i lai cac block trong tt ca
cac file a chen.

Nhng nhc im
trn se c khc phuc thi ta dung
chc nng tham khao ngoai cua
AutoCAD. Khi o ban ve tham khao
se c lu ring, khi ban
ve tham khao
thay i thi tt
ca cac ban
ve tham khao
n
no se t ng
thay i theo. Vic dung
tham khao ngoai rt hu
ich
khi lam
vic vi nhng d an ln. c bit la khi ta chia se tai nguyn ban
ve trn mang.

2. Chen
mt xref vao ban
ve
Lnh
Xattach
Lnh
Xattach cho phep
ta chen
mt ban
ve vao
ban
ve chinh
di dang
tham khao

ngoai.

Command : Xattach

Hp thoai Select reference file hin ln. Ta chon file cn chen vao ban ve chinh.

Sau o
kich Open, hp
thoai External Reference hin
ln :

45

Browse : Thay i ban ve chen

vao.

Found in : ng dn
cua ban
ve xref.
Path type : quy inh
kiu ng dn la tuyt i hay tng
i,
hay khng kem
theo ng dn.
Cac la chon nay quy inh

Save path. Ban

oc co th kim
tra kt qua cua tng la chon
cua
minh
trong Save path.
Reference Type : kiu
chen

Attachement : cho phep

hin
thi cac xref lng
nhau.
Overlay : khng cho phep
hin
thi cac xref lng
nhau.
Cac la chon
v Intertion Point, Scale va Rotation tng t nh lnh
insert.
Lnh
Xref.
Lnh
xref chen
mt ban
ve tham khao
ngoai (ban
ve xref) vao
trong ban
ve chinh.

46

Nut Tree View cho phep

ta nhin
cu
truc cy cua xref. Danh sach

c lit k theo bang

ch cai.
Cac xref lng
c sp
xp
theo mc
lng
(hinh
cy).
Attach : chen
mt xref vao
ban
ve chinh.

Khi n
vao
nut lnh
nay
thi hp
thoai
External Reference hin
ln (nh a trinh
bay
trn).
Deattach : huy bo xref c chon.
Ban
ve se nhe i rt nhiu

Reload : oc lai file xref. Thng s dung

khi file xref va co s thay i
Unload : G bo xref c chon
ra khoi ban
ve. Khac vi Deattach, Unload vn

lu lai ng dn
cua file xref. Nu
ta mun
oc lai file nay
chi vic n
vao
nut
Reload.
Bind : Quy inh
s rang
buc cua xref vi ban
ve chinh.

Bm
vao
hp thoi s
hin ln (trnh by sau)
Open : m file xref trong mt ca s mi, tng ng vi lnh Xopen. Ta c
th thay i file xref, sau quay li bn v chnh cp nht lai (reload trong
hp thoi Xref Manager) s thay i ca bn v xref.
Thay i file bng nt Browse. Sau nhn Save path ghi li ng dn
Khi bm vo nt Xbind ca hp thoi Xref Manager th hp thoi Bind Xrefs hin
ln nh sau (phn
nay
cung
tng ng
vi vic dung
lnh
Xbind):
Bind : cc i tng ca bn v
xref s c ni tip vo bn v
chnh
Insert : cac i tng cua ban
ve
tham khao
se khng la thanh
phn

cua ban
ve chinh.

3. M mt xref t ban
ve chinh

Xopen
Xopen cho php ta m mt xref ra mt ca s ring.
Command: Xopen
Select Xref:
Chn xref m ra ca s ring.
External Reference Open
Chn file xref trong hp External Reference sau kich nt open.
4. Hiu
chinh
xref t ban
ve chinh.

T phin bn AutoCAD 2002 cho php ta sa file xref ngay trn bn v chnh sau
lu tr li (Save back)
4.1. Lnh Refedit (Reference Edit).

47

Identify reference
Reference name : Chn tn xref cn sa, s cy s th hin c cc reference lng
nhau. Lu l mi ln ta ch sa c mt xref, nu ta chn xref (VD drawing 1 nh hnh
v) cha xref lng (drawing 2) sa th ta cng ch sa c xref cha xref lng
(drawing 1) ch khng sa c xref lng (drawing 2). Do vy mun sa xref no ta chn
xref sa.
Path : Hin th ng dn ca xref m ta chn.
Automaticlly select all nested objects : tt c cc objects trong file xref s c chn.
Prompt to select nested objects : kch hot ch chn cc object trong file tham kho
m bn mun sa.

48

Setting
Create unique layer, syle, and block names :
Nt ny c chn th lp v k hiu c thay i (tn c tin t l $#$), tt
c cc object trong file tham kho s nm trong layer ny.
Nu nt ny khng c chn th cc tn layer, block v style s hin ln nh
bnh thng.
Display attribute definitions for editing : Nu chn th cc thuc tnh s c hin th
v ta c th sa chng, sau khi ta ghi li th cc thuc tnh trong bn v gc s thay i
theo, cc thay i ch c th thin ra kha ta chn cc thuc tnh sa ra bn v.
Lock objects not in working set : Nu chn ch ny th tt c cc object ca bn
v chnh s b kha li, chng ta khng th hiu chnh c chng.
Khi tao sa mt file tham kho ngoi th cc i tng khc m ta khng chn sa
s m i. Tuy nhin n ch m i khi bin shademode c t l 2D wireframe.
Command: shademode
Current mode: 2D wireframe
Enter option [2D wireframe/3D
wireframe/Hidden/Flat/Gouraud/fLat+edges/gOuraud+edges] <2D wireframe>: 2D
4.2. Thm, bo bt cac i tng khoi working set (Lnh
refset).
Command: refset
Transfer objects between the RefEdit working set and host drawing...
Enter an option [Add/Remove] <Add>: a (chon
them hay bo bt ban i tng)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
Select objects:
1 Added to working set
4.3. Lnh
refclose
Sau khi hiu
chinh
xong ban
co th ghi lai hay khng ghi lai cac thay i bng
lnh

Refclose.
Command: refclose
49

The following symbols will be added to Xref file:

Blocks: Ghe
Enter option [Save/Discard reference changes] <Save>: s
Regenerating model.
2 objects added to test
1 xref instance updated
test redefined and reloaded
Enter option :
Save : ghi lai nhng thay i trong ban
ve Xref.
Discard reference changes : khng ghi lai s thay i.

.
Nu
ban
chon
ch ghi lai,
xref se t ng
reload lai.
y la s khac bit gia lnh

Xopen va lnh
Refedit.
4.4. Mt s bin h thng lin quan n xref.
Bin
RefEditName : cha tn bn v tham kho ngoi ang c sa.
Bin
Xedit : iu khin bn v hin hnh c th c php sa i cc bn v tham
kho hay khng.
0
: khng th s dng sa i file tham kho ti bn v chnh.
1
: c th s dng sa i tham kho ti ch.
Bin
BindType : Bin iu khin cc tn tham kho c qun l nh th no kho
rng buc hoc sa i trn bn v chnh.
0
: theo phng php rng buc truyn thng (tn Xref|Symbol tr
thnh Xref$0$Symbol).
1
: theo phng php ging nh chn (tn Xref|Symbol tr thnh
Symbol)
Bin
Xfadectl : Bin ny iu khin m nht ca cc i tng khng nm trong
ca s chnh sa xref (Working set). Gi tr ca Xfadectl (Controls the fading intensity
percentage) thay i t 0 n 90 (tng ng vi 0% m nht v 90% m nht)
5. iu khin s hin th ca mt xref.
Ban
co the iu
khin
s hin
thi cua cac lp co trong xref ban
co th chi nhin
thy

cac lp cn
thit ma thi. Co mt s tinh
nng cho phep
ban
iu
chinh
qua trinh
hin
thi cua
xref, iu khin khung nhin xref, lam
tng tc hin thi cua cac xref qua ln.
5.1. Xref va cac thanh
phn
hin
phu thuc.

Cc thnh phn ph thuc (Dependent Symbol) l cc mc c t tn trong c

trong bn v, chng hn nh lp, kiu vn bn, kiu ghi kch thc, Khi bn gn
(Attach) mt bn v th cc thnh phn ph thuc ny s c lit k trong bn v chnh.
V d trong layer control s hin th cc lp ca xref. Cc thnh phn ph thuc c tn theo
nh dng Xref_Name|Symbole_Name. H thng tn ny c gip ta phn bit cc thnh
phn ca xref vi cc thnh phn ca bn v chnh.
5.2. Xref va lp.
Bn c th bt tt hoc lm ng cc lp ca xref. Bn cng c th thay i cc
thuc tnh thng qua hp thoai Layer Properties Manager. Theo mc nh th cc thay i
ny ch c tnh tm thi. Khi bn m bn v ln sau th xref c ti vo bn v chnh v
cc xc lp li tr li nh ban u. Tuy nhin bn cng c th lu gi cc xc lp ca bn
bng cch thay i bin h thng Visretain bng 1. Bin ny s c ngha khi bn ghi
bn v li, ngha l trc bn thay i bin ny nh th no i chng na, trc khi ghi

50

bn v li AutoCAD s kim tra gi tr ca bin ny quyt nh c ghi li s thay i

ca bn hay khng.
5.3. Lnh
Xbin.
Bn cng c th s dng lnh Xbind ch nhp cc thnh phn cn thit t bn v
tham kho vo bn v chnh. iu ny s gip bn c th lm vic trc tip vi mt tp
hp thng nht cc thnh phn trong bn v hin hnh v xref.

Chn i tng cn chuyn ri n phm Add-> chuyn sang bn v hin hnh.

Tng t ta c th loi b cc i tng chuyn bng nt <-Remove.
5.4. Tham chiu
vong.

Nu bn v a c cha bn v b nh mt tham chiu ngoi. Bn v b li cha bn

v a nh tham chiu ngoi, nh vy ta c mt tham chiu
vng. Tham chiu vng c th tn ti cho ba hoc nhiu hn
cc xref cng nh kho bn c cc xref lng. AutoCAD s d
tm cc tham chiu vng v c ti n ln khi c th. Nu bn
c ti n ln nh vy th AutoCAD s c thng bo nh hnh
v bn :
Click nt Yes tip tc ti xref.
Breaking circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing".
Nu click nt No th bn v s khng c ti v AutoCAD s thng bo nh sau :
Warning: Circular reference from "tn bn v xref" to "current drawing".
Regenerating model.
5.5. Xen
cac xref.
Lnh Xclip : iu khin s hin th ca mt Xref hay bolck. File tham kho ngoi c
th c hin th mt phn hay ton b. S dng lnh Xclip xc nh ng bao xn
(clipping boundary). Cc i tng nm trong ng bao xn s c hin th v nhng
vng nm ngoi s khng c hin th. Cc i tng hnh hc ca Xref s khng thay
i, ta ch iu chnh s hin th ca xref m thi.
Lnh
Xclip tao
mi, hiu
chinh,

xoa cac ng bao xen.

Command: xclip
Select objects: 1 found ( chon
cac xref hoc block)
Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found, 2 total

51

Select objects:
Enter clipping option (chon cac chc nng di y)
[ON/OFF/Clipdepth/Delete/generate Polyline/New boundary] <New>:
New boundary : dong
nhc sau se c hin
ln
[Select polyline/Polygonal/Rectangular] <Rectangular>:
Select polyline : chon
mt ng Polyline sn
co lam
ng bao, a tuyn
co th
kin hoc cung
co th la mt a tuyn
h.
Polygonal : chon cac inh
cua mt hinh
a giac lam
ng bao.
Rectangular : chon
cac inh
cua mt hinh
ch nht.

ON/OFF : iu
chinh
s hin
thi cua xref.
ON : se hin
ln phn
cua xref nm
trong ng bao
OFF : se hin
ln toan
b xref.
Clipdepth : cho phep
chon
mt phng
xen
(cliping plane) nm
trc hoc sau xref (chc
nng nay
cua block cung
co trong lnh
Dview). Clipd depth chi dung
cho ve 3D. Dong
nhc
sau se xut hin
:
Delete : la chon
nay
dung
xoa ng bao hin
co, khi nao
o ta quan sat toan
b xref
hoc block. Lu y la lnh
Erase khng th xoa ng bao xen.

Generate Polyline : AutoCAD se tao

ra mt ng a tuyn
doc theo ng bao xen.
a
tuyn
mi se co nhiu
mau,
dang
ng, chiu
rng
net in va cac trang
thai cua lp hin
hanh.

Ta co th hiu
chinh
lai ng bao bng
cach
hiu
chinh
lai a tuyn
nay
sau o chinh

lai ng bao xen

bng
la chon
Seclect polyline cua lnh
Xclip.
Bin
Xclipframe :
Bin
nay
dung
kim
tra s hin
thi cua ng bao xen
c tao
bi lnh
xclip.
Xclipframe = 1 : se hin
ln ng bao xen.

Xclipframe = 1 : ng bao xen

se khng c hin
ln.
5.6. Tng tc hin
thi cua cac xref ln.
gim bt thi gian AutoCAD ti to li bn v, bn c th s dng mt s tnh nng
sau tng tc hin th bn v.
Tnh nng ti bn v theo yu cu (Demand loading). Tnh nng ny cho php
AutoCAD ch ti cc i tng cn c hin th ca xref.
Ch mc khng gian (spatial index) c to ra khi bn lu bn v. Ch mc ny
ch c to ra khi ta s dng tnh nng (demand loading). Khi lu bn v
AutoCAD s lu cng vi ch mc v cch thc ti cc xref. AutoCAD da trn
ch mc ny quy nh nhng phn no ca xref s c c ln hin th.
Ch mc lp (layer index) cng c to ra trong khi ta lu bn v. AutoCAD
s s dng ch mc ny lu li cc layer b ng hoc b ng bng. Tnh
nng ny s quy nh mc xref cn c c bn v c hin th nhanh
hn.
Tnh nng ny ch thc s c hiu lc khi :
Tnh nng Demand loading phi c kch hat trong bn v hin hnh.
Xref phi c lu vi ch s khng gian hoc ch s lp.
Xref phi c xn (vi ch mc khng gian) v c lp ng bng hoc ng
(vi ch mc lp).
Tinh
nng Demand Loading :
Kch hat tnh nng ny bng la chn : Tools|Options|Open and Save. Trong danh sch th
xung ca Demand load xrefs chn

52

 Enabled : Nhng ngi khc trong mng h thng c th m bn v xref ny

nhng h khng th hiu chnh file khi bn ang tham chiu n n.

Enabled with copy : AutoCAD s to ra file nhp ( makes a temporary copy of the
externally referenced file and demand loads the temporary file) Xref s c ti
vo bn v chnh nh mt bn copy. Khi nhng ngi khc trong mng h
thng c th hiu chnh bn v gc ny.
Disabled : ton b bn v xref s c c, ton b layer cng s c c vo
bn v chnh.

Bn c th bt chc nng ny trc khi bn ti mt xref ch khng nht thit phi bt

ch ny trong sut thi gian lm vic.
Chi muc khng gian (spatial index)
Bn lu mt ch mc cho bn
Chi muc lp.
6. Quan
ly xref
6.1. ng dn
cua cac xref.
6.2. Xref notification
Khi mt file xref bi thay i ni dung.
Cad se thng bao
cho ta bit nh sau : A
reference file has changed and may need
reloading. Khi ban
cp
nht lai ban
ve thi
thng bao trn se bin
mt.

6.3. AutoCAD DesignCenter.

Ban
cung

co th s dung

AutoCAD
Design Center quan
ly xref.
6.4. File bin ban
(log) cua xref.
Nu
ban
xac lp
bin
h thng
XrefCTL la 1 (theo mc inh
bin
nay
la 0). AutoCAD se
ghi lai tt ca cac thao tac trn xref cua ban vao mt file ma ACII. Ban co th oc file bin ban
nay
khac phuc cac vn
truc trc co th xay
ra. Di y xin trinh
bay
mt file bin ban

cua xref. Theo mc inh

Autocad se t file bin ban
vao
cung
th muc vi file xref va tn no
co dang
xrefname.xlg.

53

II. Lm vic vi d liu ngoi (Working with External Database)

1. S lc v d liu ngoi trong AutoCAD.
Chc nng ny cho php ta lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi mt d liu
ngoi. Ta c th to cc nhn nh km vi cc i tng. Cc nhn ny c th l cc thng
tin v i tng, cc thuc tnh i km vi i tng c cha trong file d liu.
Ta c th lm vic vi cc loi d liu ngoi sau :
Microsoft Access.
Vusual Dbase.
Dbase.
Microsoft Excel.
Oracle.
Paradox
Microsoft Visual FoxPro.
SQL Server.
Cc khi nim c bn.
Emvironment (mi trng) : La cai nn tt ca cac thao tac trn c s d liu
chay trn no. No bao gm
tt ca cac c s d liu
ma ngi dung
co th thao tac
trn no.
Catalog (mc lc) : la tp
hp cac i tng co chung mt thuc tinh
nao
o.
Schema (biu ) : la mt hay nhiu
cac mi quan h gia mt nhom
cac i
tng co lin quan n
nhau.
2. Cc chun b cho vic kt ni c s d liu.
C rt nhiu cch kt ni vi c s d liu ngoi nh dng
Di y xin trnh by cch kt ni d liu ngoi qua Data Source ca Microsoft :
ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity).
Cc bc chun
b kt ni c s d liu nh sau :
Bo m bn ci t tnh nng Database ca chng trnh AutoCAD.
Bo m l bn c chng trnh ODBC- Data source cua
Microsoft.
inh
cu hinh
driver c s d liu
thich
hp, s dung
ODBC va cac chng trinh

OLE BD.
inh
cu hinh
ngun d liu
t trong AutoCAD.
Thc hin lnh
dbCONNECT.
Thit lp
truy cp
ngi dung
va mt khu.
Nu
h thng
yu cu.

Kt ni n
ngun
d liu.

Lam
vic vi Data view co cha bang
d liu cua ban.

Lin kt hang
c s d liu
vi i tng trong ban ve CAD.
Tao
nhan
da trn d liu
trong bang
ve nu
mun.

Cai t tinh
nng Database cua chng trinh
AutoCAD.
bit ro ban
a cai tinh
nng nay hay cha, ban vao menu tools dbConnect. Nu
co
nghia la ban a cai t no.
Nu
cha, ban
chay
setup lai,
ri chon
nut Add, trong man
hinh
k tip
ban
chon

DataBase.
Cai t ODBC.
bit ro ban a cai tinh
nng nay hay cha, ban vao
menu StartSettingsControl
panelAdministrative Tools. Nu
co nghia la ban
a cai t no.

54

Nu
cha, ban
co th download free no t ia chi www.microsoft.com, trong muc
Microsoft ODBC Driver Pack.
inh
cu
hinh
mt d liu
ngun.

Trinh
bay cac cac bc tao
mt b d liu
ngun
trn OBDC. Gii thiu
hai c s
d liu
la Access va Excel.
inh
cu
hinh
ngun
d liu
t trong AutoCAD.
Trinh
bay cac bc tao
mt kt ni trong AutoCAD trn Slide.
Thc hin
lnh
dbCONNECT.
Thc hin connect trong AutoCAD, quan sat cac d liu
trong c s d liu.

Thit lp
truy cp
ngi dung
va mt khu.
Nu
h thng
yu cu

Thc hin cac truy cp user va password nu

data base yu cu.

Lam
vic vi Data view co cha bang
d liu
cua
ban.

Trinh
bay cac tinh
nng thm bt, sa i va cp
nht d liu kt ni.

Trinh
bay cac tinh
nng view trong dataconnect.
Lin kt hang
c s d liu
vi i tng trong ban
ve CAD.
Tao nhan
da trn d liu
trong bang
ve nu
mun.

3. nh cu hnh d liu cho ODBC.

Nhp p chut vo Data sources (ODBC) trong Control Panel, hp thai ODBC Data
Source Aministrator hin ln. Ta c th to mi, chnh sa cu hnh ca tng kt ni.
to mi ta n nt Add, chnh sa ta chn c s d liu cn chnh sa, n nt
configure.
n nt add, ca s Create New Data source hin ln :

Chn driver m bn mun kt ni, V d nh Driver do Microsoft Acces (*.mdb)

chng hn, sau n Finish. hp thoi ODBC Microsoft Access Setup hin ln :

55

Data Source Name : nh tn ca c s d liu bn mun to.

Description : m t c s d liu ny.
Database : Thao tc vi c s d liu ca bn.
Select : chn c s d liu c.
Create : to mi mt c s d liu.
Repair : sa mt c s d liu c sn.
Compact : nn mt c s d liu.
Option : cha cc ty chn v kt ni.
Advandce :

Default Authorization : cha cc thng tin v user v password c quyn truy

cp vo c s d liu.
56

 Options : bao gm cc thuc tnh ca c s d liu. Bn c th xem v chnh

sa li chng.
4. nh cu hnh d liu trong AutoCAD.
Vo Tools Dbconnect (lnh dbconnect, hoc n ctrl_F6) bt ca s
DBCONNECT MANAGER. Theo mc nh ca AutoCAD trong mc Data Sources s c
sn data Jet_dbsamples.
thm mt c s d liu vo trong AutoCAD ta nhn phi chut vo Data Sources
chn Configure Data Source. Ca s Configure a Data Source hin ln.

Trong Data Source Name ta in tn ca c s d liu kt ni. Nhn OK ca s

Data Link Properties hin ln.
Provider : Chn kiu kt ni trung gian. y ta chn ODBC drivers. Sau n
Next.
Connection : Chn kt ni c sn m ta to trong mc nh cu hnh d liu cho
ODBC
Use data source of data : Chn tn kt ni ODBC thit lp bc trc.
Enter information to log on to server : in y user
name v password truy nhp vo server nu c.
Sau test connection. Nu connect thnh cng bn s
c thng bo Test connection succeeded nh hnh
di y.
Advanced : Chn cc ty chn kt ni nh thi goan kt ni, cc ty chn v v
quyn truy cp d liu.
All : Hin th v chnh sa ton b thuc tnh ca
kt ni c s d liu.
Sau n OK, c s d liu kt ni s hin
ln trong mc Data Sources ca DBCONNECT
MANAGER.
5. Chnh sa d liu trong AutoCAD

57

Bn c th chnh sa d liu ca c s d liu ngay trong AutoCAD (ng nhin

l nu trnh kt ni d liu cho php). Bn bt ca s DataView ln bng cch nhp p
chut tri vo bng d liu cn xem.
T bng ny bn c th chnh sa, thm bt cc bn ghi, cc trng ca mi bn
ghi.. Nhng lu l khi bn chnh sa, d liu chnh sa s khng c cp nht ngay
lp tc. Bn mun cp nht d liu chnh sa, bn nhn phi chut vo hnh mi tn bn
gc trn tri nh hnh v.
Commit : cp nht li d liu
Restore : Phc hi li d liu gc (khng ghi li s chnh sa)
Cc thao tc nh dng d liu cng ging ht nh trong Excel.
Cc chc nng nh dng nh find, replace, format c th tham kho trong menu
Data View.
6. To cc mu kt ni.
Ta c th to ra cc kt ni t cc i tng trong bn v n cc trng ca c s
d liu. Thng thng cc kt ni ny dng thng k s lng cc i tng trong
bn v lin kt vi mt trng no , v t ta bit c cc thng tin v i tng
. c c mt kt ni trc tin ta phi to ra c mu kt ni. Sau y trnh by
cc bc to ra c mt mu kt ni.
Bn c th lin kt cc i tng trong bn v vi nhiu bn ghi (record) trong c
s d liu nu mun v bn c th lin kt mt bn ghi vi nhiu i tng trong bn
v. V d bn c n gian phng, mi gian phng c t mt n 2 in thoi, v bn c mt
bng cc s in thoi. Bn c th gn mi mt ci in thoi (trong bn v) vi mt
trng ca d liu s in thoi va bn. Nu mt phng c 2 in thoi nhng chung
mt dy th bn c th gn c hai cho mt s
Mu lin kt link template gip AutoCAD nhn bit c trng no trong c s
d liu s c ly ra lin kt vi cc i tng trong bn v.
Cc bc to mt mu lin kt nh sau :
Chn
t
menu
DBConnectTemplateNew Link Template
(nu c mt bng c m sn, bn c
th chn nt lnh new Link Template trong
ca s Dbconnect).

58

 Nu bn cha m mt bng d liu no, AutoCAD s m hp thoi Select Data

Object. Chn mt bng v click nt Continue.
Trong hp vn bn New Template Name ca hp thoi New Link Template, bn
nh tn ca mu lin kt vo. Nu bn c mt mu lin kt trc , bn
mun s dng n lm c s cho mt mu mi, bn chn n t trong danh sch
th xung Start With Template. Click Continue.

Trong hp thoi Link Template, chn hp kim ca mt trng kha (key Field).
Nu trng kha ca bn chn c cc hng trng nhau bt k, bn s phi
chn thm mt trng kha th hai.
Click OK. AutoCAD to cho bn mt mu lin kt. Bn c th quan st thy
mu lin kt ca bn trong ca s DBconnect bn di bn v hin hnh.
Lu : khi chn trng kha, bn nn chn trng kha khng c bt k mt hng
no trng nhau. Nu c hng trng nhau, AutoCAD s ly gi tr ca hng no n tm thy
trc, cn tt c cc hng sau n s b qua. Nh vy vic chn trng kha l rt quan
trong. Nu chn trng kha khng duy nht, bn s c th b st d liu.
Sa li mu lin kt : chn menu DBConnectTemplatesEdit link Template.
Trong hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun sa. Cc
bc cn li nh to mt mu lin kt.
Xa mu lin kt : DBConnectTemplatesDelete link Template. Sau trong hp
thoi Select a Database Object, chn mt mu lin kt m bn mun xa.
59

7. To, hiu chnh v xa cc kt ni.

Cc bc to mt kt ni nh sau :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt c nh ngha v chn mt mu
lin kt to trong danh sch th xung Select a Link Template pha trn ca
ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lin kt vi bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Links.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun kin kt vi bn ghi va chn
trong c s d liu.
Kt thc chn i tng AutoCAD s a ra thng k trn dng lnh command
v d nh : 1 record(s) linked with 1 object (s). By gi bn c mt lin kt
gia d liu v bn v.
Cc bc hiu chnh mt kt ni nh sau :
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink Manager m Link Manager. Sau
bn chn mt i tng m bn mun hiu chnh. (hoc bn c th chn i
tng t trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn LinkLink Manager).
Trong ct Value, nhp gi tr mi m bn mun hiu chnh.
Cc bc xa mt kt ni nh sau :
Chn t menu DbconnectLinksLink
Manager m Link Manager. Sau bn
chn mt i tng m bn mun xa lin
kt. (hoc bn c th chn i tng t
trong bn v, ri bm phi chut, chn
LinkLink Manager).
Sau bn chn cc i bn ghi m bn
mun xa, n nt delete.
Ngoi ra bn cng c th xut thng tin kt ni,
to thnh mt dnh sch cc bn ghi lin kt vi i
tng cn xut.
Chn dbConnectLinksExport Links.
Select objects : chn i tng m bn
mun xut thng tin lin kt.
Trong mc Include Fields bn chn cc
trng bn mun xut.
Trong danh sch save as type (AutoCAD cho
bn 3 kiu file nh trong phn xut thng tin thuc tnh ca khi ni trong
mc trc)
t tn file ri n nt save.
8. Quan st cc kt ni.
Bn cng c th quan st li cc kt ni to. C 2 kiu quan st kt ni :
Quan st cc i tng kt ni (View Linked Objects).
Quan st cc bn ghi kt ni (View Linked Records).
AutoCAD t ng chn cc i tng lin kt khi bn chn mt hng, bn chn
Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
AutoCAD t ng chn cc hng lin kt khi bn chn i tng trn bn v,
bn chn Data ViewAutoview Linked Objects.
Cc ty bin trong hin th cc lin kt (Data View Option):
60

 AutoPan v Autozoom hin th cc i tng c chn mt cch t ng.

Ta cng c th hiu chnh t l zoom factor (tnh theo n v %). T l ny mc
nh l 50% c ngha l vng cha cc i tng = 50% vng ta quan st trong
bn v.
Record Indication Record (show all records hoc select indicated records) hiu
chnh ch hin th cc bn ghi lin kt hay hin tt c cc bn ghi ca bng v
cc bn ghi lin kt s c nh du theo mu c chn mc Mark
Indicated Records.

9. To mu nhn.
Ta cng c th to cc thng tin nh km vi cc i tng trong bn v. Cc thng
tin ny s bn dnh ly i tng trong bn v (hoc khng bm dnh ly i tng trong
bn v ty theo tnh nng m ta chn). Nu l gn dnh th khi ta dch chuyn i tng
lin kt th cc thng tin ny cng di chuyn theo. Ngi ta gi cc thng tin ny l cc
nhn (Label).
to c cc nhn (label), u tin ta phi to c cc mu nhn (Label
Template). Sau y trnh by cc bc to c mt mu nhn.
Chn t menu dbConnect-->Templates-->New Label Template.
Hp thoi Select a Database Object, chn mu lin kt s dng lm mu
nhn. Click continue.
Hp thoi New Label Template. Nhp tn mu nhn trong hp vn bn New
Label Template Name. Nu bn c sn mt mu nhn, bn mun s dng n
lm c s cho mu nhn mi, chn t danh sch th xung Start with Template.
Click contine.

61

 Cad s m hp thoi Label Template nh hp thoi Multiline Text Editor. Bn

c th nh dng vn bn nh
trong Multiline Text Editor.
Trn Tab Label Fields, chn mt
trng m bn mun xut hin
trn nhn t danh sch th xung
Field List, sau kch nt Add.
Nu mun add thm trng vo
nhn bn lp li cc bc trn.
Trn Tab Label Offset, chn kiu
canh l trong hp start. Nhp di X v Y trong hp Leader offset quy nh
khong cch gia im u ca mi tn nh dng v im chn ca vn bn
(mu khong cch ny qu b gn mi tn th mi tn s b bin mt). Nhp
di X v Y trong hp Tip offset quy nh khong cch t im u ca mi
tn n im chn ca cui mi tn trn i tng gn dnh.

Hiu chnh mt mu nhn :

Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateEdit Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun hiu chnh trong hp thoi Select a Database
Object.
Xa mt mu nhn :
Chn t menu dbConnectTemplateDelete Label Template.
Chn mu nhn m bn mun xa trong hp thoi Select a Database Object.
10. To nhn.
62

Phn loi nhn :

Nhn t do (attached Label): l nhn khng i km vi mt i tng no ca
AutoCAD.
Nhn gn dnh (Freestanding Label): l nhn nh km vi mt i tng no
. Khi ta dch chuyn i tng lin kt, nhn gn dnh cng di chuyn theo.
Cc bc to mt nhn nh km :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh
ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label
Template pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng
trong bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Attached Label.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Cc bc to mt nhn t do :
M ca s Data View c mt mu lin kt v mt mhn lin kt c nh
ngha v chn mt mu nhn to trong danh sch th xung Select a Label
Template pha trn ca ca s.
Chn mt hoc nhiu bn ghi m bn mun lm nhn gn vi cc i tng
trong bn v.
Chn menu Data ViewLink and Label SettingCreate Freestanding Label.
Chn menu Data ViewLink!
Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng m bn mun gn nhn ca bn vo.
Mun xa nhn ta chn nhn cn xa t bn v, nhn nt delete trn bn phm.
11. S dng query truy tm d liu
Bn c th truy tm d liu bng cc s dng ngn ng SQL. SQL l ngn ng c
s dng hu ht trong tt c cc c s d liu tinh chnh v ly cc thng tin t c s
d liu. Bn c th s dng query lm nhng vic sau :
Xem mt tp con ca mt c s d liu.
Ly d liu t cc bng khc nhau ca c s d liu.
To mt tp chn t hp thoi Link Select.
M hp thoi Query Editor, bn thc hin qua cc bc sau :
Menu dbConnectQueriesNew Query on a link Template.
Chn mu nhn bn mun s dng trong hp thoi Select a DataBase Object.
Click continue.
nh tn Query bn mun to trong hp New Query Name (bn c th chn mt
query c sn nu c lm c s trong danh sch th xung Existing query names).
AutoCAD cho php ta s dng mt s m hnh SQL sau :
11.1.

S dng Quick Query

63

Gii thch :
Look up values : nu bn khng nh r gi tr ca trng bn c th nhn vo
nt ny xem trc cc gi tr ca trng.
Indicate records in data view : nu c chn th tt c cc bn ghi c chn
khi thi hnh query s c hin th trn data view.
Indicate Objects in drawing : nu c chn th tt c cc objects lin kt vi
cc bn ghi c chn khi thi hnh cng s c chn theo trn bn v.
Store : lu li query.
Execute : thi hnh query.
11.2.

S dng Range Query

Dng truy tm d liu c gi tr t From n gi tr Through.

64

a. S dng Range Query

Nhm ngoc n gip bn nhm cc nhm iu kin li thnh mt nhm (nh cc

php ton logic thng thng).
Fields in table : cc trng c trong bng c chn.
Show fields : cc trng s c hin th sau khi thc hin truy vn.
Sort by : trng s c ch nh sp xp.
11.3.

S dng Range Query

Bn c th s dng ngn ng SQL vit cc truy vn theo mnh. Nt check s

gip bn kim tra c php ca mnh
11.4.
S dng Link Select
Link select cho php tao to ra mt tp chn s dng query.

65

Cc bc to mt tp chn Link Select :

III.

Ban u, ta chn trong menu xung Do la chn select.

To ra mt tp chn u tin ri nhn Execute.
Sau ta li chn trong menu xung Do cc php ton logic.
To ra cc tp chn th hai bng cch nhn Execute.

Lm vic vi Raster Image

1. Tng quan
Bn c th chn cc nh scan (scanned Images) v nh k thut s (digital
photographs) vo bn v. V bn cht, cc nh chn ny l tp hp cc im nh (Pixels),
cn cc i tng (Object) trong AutoCAD l cc vector. Do vy cc nh chn s c kch
thc ln v nng hn cc i tng ca CAD. CAD cho php bn c th zoom, pan cng
nh in n bn v cha Images.
2. Chn nh (inserting images
chn nh, ta chn insertRaster image chn file v ng dn ti n.

66

3. Qun l hnh nh (Managing images)

Chn InsertImage Manager m hp thoi Image Manager

Attach inserts an image, opening the Image dialog box

Detach erases the image from your drawing and deletes all reference to it in
the drawing database.
Reload redisplays an image after you have unloaded it.
Unload removes the display of the image but retains the reference to it. Later, you
can reload the image to redisplay it.
Details provides you with a preview, as well as information about the image, its
path, and its size.
4. Ct xn nh (Clipping images)
Mc ch : i khi ta khng cn hin th tt c hnh nh, ta ch cn hin th mt
phn cu hnh nh. Vic xn bt hnh nh s lm cho bn v nh hn, tng tc zoom
v pan cho bn v.
Cch lm : ModifyClipImage

67

5. iu khin s hin th (Controlling image display)

5.1. iu khin hin th
Chn ModifyObjectImage (hoc lnh IMAGEADJUST)

5.2. Cht lng nh (Image quality)

Chn ModifyObjectImageQuality (hoc lnh IMAGEQUALITY)
Lnh ny c tc dng cho tt c cc nh c trn bn v, chn High_Quality s lm
cho bn v chm hn. Vi la chn ny CAD s chuyn ch in sang high quality
5.3. Image transparency
Chuyn ch qun l nh t pixel sang ch nh nn. Modify Object
Image Transparency. Mc nh l OFF, bt ch ny, bn chuyn sang ON.
5.4. Bt tt ng bao ca nh (Image frame)
Khi bn tt ch ng bao ca nh, bn s khng th chn c nh na.
bt tt ch ny bn chn : ModifyObjectImageFrame
IV.Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects
Phn ny chng ta s nghin cu s chia s d liu d AutoCAD v cc ng dng
khc.
Bn c th chn d liu (Text or Image) t cc ng dng ngoi bng cc phng
php sau :
Embed : i tng c chn vo bn v s c kh nng tr v chng trnh
ngun khi bn mun Edit chng. Ngha l khi bn double-click vo i tng ,
chng trnh ngun s c m ra v bn c th chnh sa chng.
Paste : i tng (objects) s c chn vo bn v, s dng khi bn khng
mun lin kt vi chng trnh ngun. Thng c s dng khi bn ch mun
hin th chng m khng cn chnh sa, hoc nhng i tng c th c
chnh sa bng AutoCAD
Link : i tng (objects) c chn vo bn v di dng ng link. CAD
khng lu object m ch lu ng dn ti file cha Object . Khi file ngun b
thay i th s thay i s c update vo trong AutoCAD file.
Tt c cc la chn Pasting, Linking, and Embedding Objects u nm trong mc
Option ca Paste special. Link v Embedding ging nh OLE (Object Linking and
Embedding)
1. Embedding objects into AutoCAD
Cch 1

68

 TAutoCAD, chn inertOLE Object m insert Object dialog box (hoc c

th bng lnh INSERTOBJ). (The entries listed in this dialog box depend on the
applications you have installed on your computer.)
To file mi, chn Create New ng dng s c m ra bn to d liu
mi sau khi kt thc choose FileUpdate t ng dng . Sau ng ng dng
li quay li vi AutoCAD.
Bn c th chn an existing file, chn Create From File. Click Browse tm file
cn chn. Click Open. Chn Link link the data (described in the next section of
this chapter). Chn OK. AutoCAD t file top-left corner
Cch 2
Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn embedding.
Cch 3
Bn ng dng ngun v Autocad
nh du phn d liu mun chn vo trong CAD, gi Ctrl_drag vo trong
CAD.
OLE objects c mt s nhc im sau :
Nu chng cha tham kho ngoi hoc block th chng s khng c hin th
v khng c in ra.
Trong mt s trng hp, OLE objects c th b in ra bng my in h thng m
khng qua iu khin in ca AutoCAD.
OLE objects khng b xoay cng vi bn v khi bn s dng Plot rotation. Tuy
nhin bn c th xoay OLE objects bng cch iu chnh Lanscape setting trong
my in h thng (the windows system printer)
2. Linking data
Cch lm :
Chn ng dng ngun, Chn copy
Chuyn sang CAD, chn EditPates special chn link
L u :
Khi bn m file CAD c cha ng link, CAD s cho bn la chn Update file
link c trong bn v.
Tuy nhin bn cng c th iu khin Update trong lc ang m bn v bng
cch vo insertOle links.

69

 Trong qu trnh lm vic, ai thay i ng dn file link ca bn, bn c th

break link v change source.
3. Pasting data into AutoCAD
M ng dngcopy
M CADEditpate special List hin ra ph thuc vo ng dng ngun.

70

Chng 4 : TY BIN TRONG AUTOCAD (9 tit)

I. Cc i tng shape. (1 tit)
1. Khi nim v Shape.
Shape l mt object (i tng) c s dng nh l mt block. Shape cha cc i
tng nh ng thng, cung trn c nh ngha trong file .SHP, l file dng vn bn
ASSCII. s dng c trong bn v cc file ny phi c bin dch thnh cc file
.SHX bng lnh Complie trong AutoCAD. Sau , s dng lnh Load ti file .SHX vo
bn v, dng lnh Shape chn cc shape vo bn v (nh l s dng lnh insert khi
chn block). Ta cng c th nh r t l, gc quay cho mi ln chn shape vo bn v.
Ngoi ra, shape cn c d dng to cc font ch, to cc dng ng phc tp.
Block linh hot hn v d s dng hn shape. Tuy nhin cc shape li hiu qu hn
trong vic lu tr v v. N c ti nhanh hn so vi block v rt c ch khi bn v qu
ln v khi tc l quan trng.
Bn cng c th ti file Shape vo trong AutoCAD bng lnh load, hoc g b n
khi AutoCAD bng lnh Purge.

Figure 1: Load shape file

71

Figure 2 : Purge shape files

Chn file shape cn g b sau n Purge.
ng dng ca Shape :
Dng tp cc font ch.
Dng tao ra cc dng ng phc tp.
Ngoi ra Shape cn c s dng nh Block.
Cch to ra cc Shape : chng ta nh ngha cc Shape trong file .SHP. Sau y trnh
by cch m t mt Shape.
2. Cch m t shape trong file .SHP.
Cc shape trong AutoCAD c m t c th trong file .SHP v cc file c bin
dch l .SHX. Ta c th s dng text editor hoc word processor to mi hoc sa cc
shape trong shape file c v lu li thnh file c phn m rng l .SHP di dng in ASCII
format.
Mi file trong shape c m t bng nhiu dng, mi dng cha ti a 128 k t,
nhng dng di hn s khng c bin dch. Cc dng ch thch bt u bng du chm
phy. AutoCAD s t ng b i cc dng trng v chui k t bn phi du chm phy.
C php m t mt shape trong file shape nh sau :
*shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte1,specbyte2,specbyte3,...,0
* : du sao quy nh bt u m t mt Shape mi.
Shapenumber : s nh danh ca shape
Defbytes : S lng cc byte m t ca shape
Shapename : Tn ca shape
Dng tip theo l cc bye m t (specbyte) shape, mi byte ngn cch nhau mt
du phy. V kt thc bng s 0.

72

Shapenumber
L s nguyn c gi tr t 1 n 255 (i khi ti 32768 i vi cc shape file dng
to font unicode), s nguyn ny phi l duy nht, s nh danh ca 2 shape bt k trong
cng mt file khng c trng nhau.
Defbytes
S lng cc byte m t shape (S lng cc specbyte) bao gm c s 0 sau cng.
Mt shape c ti a 2000 byte m t.
Shapename
Tn ca shape bt buc phi l ch hoa. Tn cha k t thng s b b qua v
thng c s dng lm nhn cho font shape.
Specbyte
Byte m t. Bye ny c biu din di dng s thp phn hoc s thp lc. Nu
s u tin l s 0 th hai ch s tip theo s l gi tr thp lc. C hai loi byte m t.
M vector (Vector Length and Direction Code)
M c bit (Special Codes)
Nghin cu c th tng loi Specbyte :
2.1. Vector Length and Direction Code (m vector).
Mt byte m t (Specbyte) n gin cha cc di cc vector v hng ca chng
c s ha trong mt bye. Mi m vector l mt chui
bao gm 3 k t.
K t u tin phi l s 0, do 2 k t tip theo
biu din s thp lc phn.
K t th hai biu din chiu di vector. Gi tr t 1
(n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di).
K t th ba biu din hng ca vector. Gi tr t
1 (n v chiu di) n F (15 n v chiu di). Hnh sau
y minh ha hng c s ha.
Ch : Cc vector ny u c di l 1 n v.
V d sau xy dng mt shape c tn l DBOX vi
s nh danh l 230.
*230,6,DBOX
014,010,01C,018,012,0
Dng trnh son tho NotePad to mt file vn bn c ni dung nh trn, sau ghi
li vi tn l dbox.shp. S dng lnh Compile trong AutoCAD bin dch thnh file
dbox.shx. S dng lnh Load ti file dbox.shx vo trong AutoCAD. Sau s dng
lnh shape nh sau :
Command: shape
Enter shape name or [?]: dbox
Specify insertion point: 1,1
Specify height <current>: 2
Specify rotation angle <current>: 0
Kt qu l ta v c hnh sau :
Trnh t v c miu t trn hnh v. im bt u v
c ta (1,1). Trnh t v : 014,010,01C,018,012. S 0 sau
cng kt thc chui m t.
2.2. Special Codes (m c bit)
Cc m c bit dng to cc hnh dng c bit. Mi m t c bit l mt
chui 3 k t :
73

K t u tin phi l s khng.

K t th hai phi l s khng.
K t ba xc nh chc nng (miu t trong bng lit k). Gi tr thp lc phn nhp
vo t 1 n F (15).
Ch : cc m vn c th vit di dng thp lc phn hoc thp phn. VD 008 hay
8 u c ngha nh nhau. Di y trnh by m thp lc phn :
M thp lc

ngha

phn
000
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
00A
00B
00C
00D
00E

Kt thc chui m t shape

Chuyn qua cc ch v
Tt ch v, chuyn qua ch di chuyn bt v
Theo sau m 003 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 003 s c chia cho
t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
Theo sau m 004 l mt byte c gi tr t 1..255 xc nh t l
v mi. Chiu di ca cc vector theo sau m 004 s c nhn cho
t l ny to ra chiu di thc trn mn hnh AutoCAD
Lu tr v tr hin ti vo trong ngn xp
Ly v tr v c lu trc ra khi ngn xp
M t subshape, S lng cc subshape s c m t trong
byte k tip sau m ny
V vector vi chiu di v hng bt k. Hai byte theo sau
m ny quy nh di x v y.
V lin tip cc cung 45O. Hai byte theo sau n xc nh bn
knh, s lng v chiu di ca cc cung ny.
V cung trn bt k. Nm byte theo sau m 00B s miu t
cung trn c v.
V cung trn da vo h s cong.
V lin tip cc cung trn da vo h s cong.
S dng khi m t font ch. (s ni k trong phn sau)

Sau y ta xt chi tit vic s dng cc m c bit.

M 000 : Kt thc chui m t.
Sau m 000 nh du kt thc chui m t ca mt shape. Ch sau s 0 phi n
enter.
M 001 v 002 : Bt tt ch v.
001 : bt ch v (defaut in shape description). Cc m m tk tip m 001 s
c v trn mn hnh.
002 : Tt ch v. Cc m m t sau m 002 s khng c v ln mn hnh.
Nhng con tr v (bt v) vn di chuyn theo cc m m t sau n.
V d : nh don m sau vo file example.shp ri dch thnh file .shx c ni dung
nh sau :
*232,12,DBOX21
044,040,04C,048,002,012,001,024,020,02C,028,0
Chng trnh s thc hin nh sau :
4 byte u 044,040,04C,048 s v mt hnh vung di cnh l 4 n v.
74

 3 byte tip theo 002,012,001 : s tt ch v, chuyn sang ch di chuyn.

Di chuyn mt on 012 sau li bt ch v.
4 byte k tip 024,020,02C,028 v hnh vung cnh l 2 n v.
M 003 v 004 : Thay i t l v.
Theo sau hai m ny l mt s nguyn t 1-255, quy nh t l v.
Nu l m 003 th t l v s c chia cho s ng sau n.
Nu l m 004 th t l v s c nhn vi s ng sau n.
V d : 004,10 : Cc nt v tip sau n s c di bng di m m t nhn vi
10.
V d : Ta cng v hnh DBOX2 trn nhng s dng m thay i t l:
Ta gi hnh ny l DBOX22, on m m t DBOX22 nh sau.
*233,12,DBOX22
(* Ve hinh
va tip tuc oan
ma y chu y th hin
Ly
lai ty l *)
Ma 005 va 006 : Lu va phuc hi vi tri cua con tro trong stack.
Ma 005 y
toa con tro ve vao
stack (ngn xp)
va ma 006 ly
toa ra khoi stack
va gan
no cho toa con tro hin
hanh
(noi cach
khac la phuc hi vi tri con tro a lu trong
stack).
Ngn xp
ti a chi lu tr c 4 vi tri. Nu
lu tr qua kha nng cua no AutoCAD
se thng tran
stack : Position stack overflow in shape nnn
Nu
stack ang rng,

ta c tinh
dung
006 ly
toa ra khoi stack. Khi ve shape nay

AutoCAD se thng bao

Position stack underflow in shape nnn.
Vi du : Ta ve hinh
DBOX2 nhng co s dung
code 005 va 006 nh sau :
( Ve hinh
m ta )
Ma 007 : M ta subshape
Ma 007 chu yu
dung
tao
font ch. Ta se nghin cu ma nay
trong phn
tao
font
ch.
Ma 008 va 009 : dich
chuyn
theo phng X va Y
Thng thng ma vector chi cho phep
ta ve c trong 16 hng inh
sn
vi dai
ti a la 15 n vi. Ta dung
ma nay ve nhanh chong
cac shape n
gian,
nhng khng th dung
tao
cac shape phc tap.
Vi ma
008,009 ban
co th ve vector co dai va hng khng gii han,

bng
cach
s dung
dich
chuyn
X,Y ( dich
chuyn
tng i so
vi im
ma con tro ve ang ng).
Theo sau ma 008 la 2 byte quy inh
di X,Y vi dang
sau :
008,X-displacement,Y-displacement
di X-displacement,Y-displacement co gia tri trong khoang

-128 n +127. Du (+) la khng bt buc.

Chung
ta cung
co th s
dung
du
ngoc n cho de oc va d kim
soat :
008,(X-displacement,Y-displacement)
Vi du : (-10,3) m ta vector hng v trai 10 n vi va hng ln
trn 3 n vi.

75

Khac vi ma 008 chi ve mt vector, ma 009 ve lin tip

cac vector. Theo sau ma 009 la
cac cp
byte quy inh
di (X,Y) va du
hiu
nhn
bit kt thuc ma 009 la cp
byte
(0,0).
Vi du : 009,(3,1),(3,2),(2,-3),(0,0) ve lin tip ba vector co di tng (3,1),(3,2),(2,3).
Ma 00A : ve cung tron
45 .
Theo sau ma 00A la 2 byte inh
nghia mt cung tron
45 o (bng
1/8 ng tron).
Cac
cung c anh
th t t 0 n
7 tinh
theo vi tri u
cua cung.
Ma m ta cung tron
nh sau :
10,radius,()0SC
Ban
kinh
(radius) co gia tri t 1 n
255.
Byte th 2 (-)0SC m ta :
Du
(-) quy inh
hng ve cua cung tron
(ve ngc
chiu
kim ng
h nu
la dng, theo chiu
kim ng

h nu la m).
0 : Lun lun la 0, quy inh
cac ky t sau no la h thp

luc phn.
C : S lng cac cung tron
45o. Co gia tri t 0 n 7.
Nu
la 0 thi AutoCAD se ve ca vong
tron
(8 cung 45o)
ban
kinh
radius.
Ma 00B : ve cung tron
bt ky.
Ma 00B cho phep
ve mt cung tron
bt ky, khng nht thit phai bt u
bng
cac vi tri
inh
trc nh ma 00A.
00B,start_offset,end_offset,high_radius,radius,(-)0SC
Start_offset: Biu
din
di cua cung tron
so vi im
bt u
ve c quy inh

trc trong ma 00A (c anh

s t 0-7). Gia tri cua start_offset c tinh
bng
cach
ly

gia tri cua goc hp bi im

bt u ve cung theo 00B va im
bt u ve cung theo 00A
nhn vi 256 va chia cho 45. hay
start_offset = s o goc * 256/45.
End_offset : Biu
din
di cua im
cui cung tron
so vi im
1/8 ng tron

tng ng. Gia tri cua end_offset cung

c tinh
tng t nh start_offset
Radius : ban
kinh
cua cung tron
(t 1 n
255 n vi ).
High-radius : Co gia t 0 n
255. S dung
khi mun ve cung tron co ban kinh
ln hn
255 n vi. Cach
tinh
nh sau : Ban
kinh
= High-radius*256+Radius.
(-)OSC : M ta nh 00A. Dung
xac inh
cac gia tri start_offset va end_offset
Ma 00C va 00D : Ve ch phinh
ra hoc cac cung tron
c bit.

Vi cac ma 00C va 00D ta co th ve c cac cung tron

co hinh
dang
bt ky bng
cach

s dung
h s cong cua cung tron.
Ma 00C ve mt cung tron,
ma 00D ve nhiu
cung tron

lin tip
nhau.
Theo sau ma 00C la 3 byte m ta cung tron
nh sau :
00C,X-displacement,Y-displacement,Bulge
X-displacement,Y-displacement : di cua im
cui cua cung tron (Toa tng
i cua im
cui so vi im
u)
co gia tri t -127 n +127.
Bulge : H s xac inh
cong cua cung tron.
Co gia tri t
-127 n 127. Cach
tinh
nh sau : Bulge=(2*H/D)*127.
76

 D : Chiu
dai dy cung.
H : Chiu
cao cua cung
Du
(-) ve theo chiu
kim ng
h. Du
(+) hoc khng co du
thi ve ngc chiu

kim ng
h.
Nu
ma 00C chi ve mt cung tron
thi ma 00D ve lin tip
cac cung tron.
Theo sau ma
00D la cac cp
byte m ta cung tron
c ve va kt thuc 00D bng
mt cp
byte (0,0).
Vi du :
00D,(0,5,127),(0,5,0),(0,5,-127),(0,0)
(0,5,0) m ta mt ng thng
co dai bng
5 n vi.
Ma 00E : M ta font ch theo phng thng
ng.
Ta se nghin cu ma nay
trong phn
sau.
II. To font ch
Hin nay AutoCAD cho php ta s dng 3 loi font ch. Font ch h thng (system
font), phong ch s dng shape (shape font) v big font.
Font h thng :
Cu to : Gm cc vector bin, v gia c t bng thut ton fill
u im : system font p hn cc font khc.
Nhc im : Do system font c nhng vng t nn nng hn cc font khc. Tc
ti sinh (render, pan, zoom) s rt chm.

Shape font :
Cu to bi cc shape trong c m t trong file .SHP.
u im : V cc k t trong font u l cc shape nn c ti nhanh hn, tc
render c ci thin ng k nht l i vi cc bn v ln.
Nhc im : Khng p lm.
Big font
Cu to :bi cc shape. Tuy nhin n c th l phn ni di ca cc shape font ni
trn. Shape font c cha ti a 255 k t cn big font c th cha n 65535 k t.
1. To font ch SHX.
Font ch SHX c to ra v s dng trong AutoCAD. Mi k t ca font l mt
shape c m t trong file shape. Trong shape number chnh l m ascii ca k t
(t 0 n 255).
phn bit vi cc shape file khc, cc font ch phi c dng m t u tin nh
sau :
*0,4,font-name
above,below,modes,0
Font-name : Tn font ch
Above : Khong cch gia ng top v ng Baseline
Below : Khong cch gia ng Bottom v ng Baseline.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.

77

 2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.

(v hnh minh ha vo y)
To mt v d minh ha font ch bao gm ch ABC. C th ly mt file font shape
bt k ri minh ha.
2. To big font.
Trong thc t, font ch ca mt vi ngn ng (ting Nht) cha hng nghn k t
khng phi l m ACII. bn v cha cnhiu font nh vt AutoCAD cung cp mt
dang file gi la big font file.
Big font file cng c miu t trong file .SHP v c dch thnh file .SHX. Dng
u tin ca big font c dng nh sau :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
nchars : s lng gn ng cc k t trong Big font ny. Nu sai s ln hn 10% th
tc truy xut s rt chm.
nrangs : s lng cc mim gi tr cha cc gi tr s dng lm m escape codes.
b1, e1, b2, e2,
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th nht
b1, e1 l gi tr bt u v kt thc ca min gi tr th hai
V d .
3. To big font t file m rng.
Trong cc file kiu ch tng hnh chu , c nhiu khi c s dng li nhiu ln
nh cc du trong ting vit (du s, huyn,). Cc khi ny c m t trong cc
Subshape, c th dng li to cc shape khc nhau.
Dng u tin ca cc big font file m rng tng t nh big font file bnh thng :
*BIGFONT nchars,nranges,b1,e1,b2,e2,.
Dng th hai s gip nhn bit l big font m rng :
*0,5,font-name
character-height,0,modes,character-width,0
Font name : Tn ca big font
Character-height, character-width : Chiu cao v chiu rng hnh ch nht c s
m t k t.
Modes
0 : Ch vit theo phng nm ngang.
1 : Ch vit theo phng thng ng.
2 : Ch vit c theo c hai phng nm ngang v thng ng.
Ch : m 00E (14) ch c tc dng khi gi tr modes bng 2.
Cc dng tip tho m t cc shape v dng m 007 chn cc subshape. Cc
subshape cng phi c m t nh c shape thng thng khc.
*Shapenumber,defbytes,shapename
specbyte,,007,0,primitive#,basepoint-x,basepoint-y,width,height,spectbyte,,0

78

Shapenumber : s nguyn 2 byte, dng thp lc phn, v do , phi c thm s 0

pha trc.
Defbytes : s lng cc bye m t (specbyte) cn thit m t shape (k c s 0
sau cng). Gi tr shapenumber ca subshape (theo sau m 007) c tnh l 2 byte.
Shapename : Tn k t
Specbyte : byte m t
007,0 : 2 byte bt u on chn subshape
Primitive# : gi tr shapenumber ca shape.
basepoint-x,basepoint-y : thnh phn ta x,y ca im chn subshape.
Width, height : chiu rng, chiu cao ca subshape. Trc khi c chn, kch thc
subshape s c thu nh bng 1 vung n v, sau n c phng to tng ng vi
gi tr Width, height.
Spectbyte : cc byte m t ca subshape.
III.

To cc dng ng (file linetype)

1. Khi nim v phn loi dng ng.

AutoCAD cung cp rt nhiu dng ng c sn. Cc dng ng ny c th l nt
t, nt lin, hay cc ng tm, Cc dng ng ny c cung cp trong file .LIN. Ta
cng c th t to ra cc file ny v lu li di nh dng Text v c ui l .LIN.
AutoCAD cung cp cc dng ng c sn trong file CAD.LIN, ACADISO.LIN .
Cc dng ng n gin c cu to t cc im(dot), on thng(dash) v
khong trng c v i v li nhiu ln.
V d :
Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Nt gch di 0.5 n v bn v
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Mt im nh (nt gch di 0 n v bn v)
Khong trng 0.25 n v bn v
Ta phn dng ng lm hai loi : dng ng n gin v dng ng phc tp.
Dng ng n gin l cc dng ng ch bao gm cc on thng, khong
trng v u chm.
Dng ng phc tp l cc dng ng khng ch cha cc on thng,
khong trng, du chm m cn cha cc i tng khc nh phng ch hay
cc i tng Shape.
2. To cc dng ng n gin.
C hai cch to dng ng n gin
Dng creat trong lnh -linetype
To file m t dng m ACII c phn m rng .LIN.
2.1. Dng creat trong lnh -linetype.
Command: -LINETYPE
Current line type: "ByLayer"
Enter an option [?/Create/Load/Set]: C
Enter name of linetype to create: name
Wait, checking if linetype already defined...

79

Create
Duong co ten la name
Chn tn file s to mi hoc m

(Hp thoi Creat and Append linetype file

hin ln bn di).
Descriptive text: Duong tam
Enter linetype pattern (on next line):

file .LIN c sn ghi ng li

ng ny
Tn ng s hin trong hp
linetype manager
Nhp vo cc byte m t dng
ng

A,0.5,0.5,-0.25,0,-0.25

80

Quy c m t dng ng trong linetype.

Dng ng c bt u bng ch A. Ch A ny quy nh kt thc i tng
bng gch lin.
Gi tr dng quy nh chiu di nt gch lin.
Gi tr m quy nh di khong trng.
S 0 quy nh on thng c di bng 0 hay nt chm (dot).
Nh vy dng ng c m t trong file sample1.lin trn c dng sau :
Ch : M A (alignment) quy nh cch v cc dng ng ti cc im cui ca
cc i tng v. M Alignment l t ng a vo trong nh ngha file .LIN.
Dng bnh thng.
Dng thu ngn li.
Di ko di ra.
Dng qu ngn (bin i tng thnh nt lin).
2.2. To linetype bng cch son tho trc tip trong .LIN
Mi dng ng trong file .LIN c m t trong hai dng :
*linetype_name,description
A,descriptor1,descriptor2, ...

Du * t trc tn dng ng l bt buc.

Linetypename : Tn ca ng, s hin ln trong linetype manager.
Description : Chui m t c th c hoc khng c v di khng qu 47 k t.
A : quy nh kt thc i tng v bng nt gch lin.
Descriptor 1,2,.. : Byte m t dng ng (nh trnh by trn).

IV.Dng ng phc cha i tng shape

81

Cch m t cc nt gch khong trng v du chm tng t nh trong file m t

dng ng n gin. C php m t mt dng ng ging nh dng ng n gin.
i vi dng ng c cha i tng shape th ta ch vic thm vo on m t dng
ng mt c php m t shape nh sau :
[shapename,shxfilename] or [shapename,shxfilename,transform]
Shape name : Tn ca i tng v shape. Nu tn ca i tng khng c trong file
shape, AutoCAD s xem nh khng c phn m t v i tng shape trong dng ng.
Shxfilename : Tn ca file .shx cha i tng shape cn chn vo dng ng. Cn
phi ch r tn, ng dn, nu khng AutoCAD s tm trong th mc mc nh cha cc
file .SHX : \Documents and Settings\[user name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD
2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
Transform : L mc ty chn, gm cc thng s tng ng vi php bin hnh khi
chn i tng shape v dng ng. Gi tr ca transform c m t trong bng di
y, mi thng s c cch nhau bi du phy.
Gi tr ca cc thng s Transform.
Gi tr
R=## Relative
rotation
A=## Absolute
rotation
S=## Scale
X=## X offset
Y=## Y offset

ngha
Gc quay tng i ca shape so vi ng
thng c v.
Gc quay tuyt i so vi trc OX ca h ta
WCS.
H s t l (ca shape c chn vi shape
c m t trong shape file).
di theo phng ng thng (X n v)
di theo phng vung gc vi ng
thng. (Y n v). (X,Y c th l s m)

V d :
Dng lnh load ti file ltypeshx.shx vo bn v, sau nh lnh Shape
chn shape c tn l bat v bn v. Hnh ca bat hin ln nh sau :
M file LT_Sample.LIN ra v nh them 3 linetype sau :
*BAT1LINE, --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1] --- [BAT1]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5],-12.7
*BAT2LINE, --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2] --- [BAT2]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,ltypeshp.shx,S=5,R=0,X=-20.0],-12.7
*BAT3LiNE, --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3] --- [BAT3]
A,38.1,-38.1,[BAT,C:\sample\ltypeshp.shx,S=5,y=-6.0,r=90,X=-6],-12.7
Hnh dng cc linetype trn hin theo th t nh sau :

82

Ch : tn linetype khng nht thit phi vit hoa. Th t cc transform khng nht
thit phi c nh.
1. Dng ng phc c cha i tng ch.
C php m t i tng ch trong dng ng phc tp nh sau : (* ch trong
AutoCAD 2005, c php to dng ng c cha cc k t c khc so vi cc phin
bn trc, n yu cu nght ngho hn cc phin bn trc).
["text",textstylename,scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset]
Text : chui k t c chn vo.
Style : Tn kiu ch m AutoCAD s ly nh dng cho text.
Scale,rotation,xoffset,yoffset : Tng t nh trn cc thng s ca transform.
V d :
*HOT_WATER_SUPPLY1,---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---- HW ---A,.5,-.2,["HW",STANDARD,S=.1,R=0.0,X=-0.1,Y=-.05],-.2
Kt qu ta c dng ng nh sau :
Ch : Nu s=0 th text s ly theo font v c c ch (height) bng 1.
V. To cc mu mt ct.
1. File mu mt ct.
Mu
mt ct c AutoCAD miu ta trong file co phn
m rng
.PAT. Ta co th s
dung
cac mt ct co sn
c m ta trong cac file ACAD.PAT va ACADISO.PAT hoc t tao

cac mu
ring lu lai trong file .PAT di inh
dang
ACII file. Chu y, khac vi dang
ng,
mi file dang
mt ct chi cha c mt dang
mt ct va tn file phai trung
vi tn mt ct.

Mc inh
*.pat c lu trong th muc \Documents and Settings\[user
name]\Application Data\Autodesk\AutoCAD 2005\R16.0\enu\Support.
Sau khi to xong cc dng mt ct trong cc file ring l. Bn c th copy on m
t mt ct trong cc file ny vo cc file Acad.Pat hoc AcadIso.Pat, b xung chng vo
mc Patern trong lnh BHatch.
Cng ging nh dng ng, ta chia dng mt ct thnh hai loi : Mt ct n gin
v dng mt ct phc tp.
Mu mt ct n gin l mu ch cha mt dng ng thng.
Mu mt ct phc tp l mu gm nhiu h ng thng hp thnh.
2. To mu mt ct n gin.
Mt mu mt ct trong file .PAT c m ta bng
nhiu
dong
lin
nhau. Cu phap
m ta
nh sau :
*pattern-name[, description]
angle, x-origin,y-origin, delta-x,delta-y [, dash1, dash2, ...]
Pattern name : Tn mt ct se m ta, khng c cha khoang
trng.

Description : Phn
m ta (Khng bt buc)
va khng c vt qua 80 ky t
Angle : Goc cua ng ct.

x-origin : Hoanh
x cua im
chun
dung
ve mu
mt ct.
Thng thng ta
s dung
im
gc co toa (0,0)
y-origin : Tung cua im
chun dung
lam
gc toa .
delta-x : di cua ng ct theo phng phng ng thng.

delta-y : di cua ng ct theo phng vung goc vi phng ng thng.

83

 dash1, dash2, ... : Chi s dung

khi cac ng ct la dang
ng khng lin tuc.

Cac gia tri nay

m ta dang
ng o (bao gm
net gach
va khoang
trng).

Vi du

Tao
file co tn L123.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L123, proposed future trailers
0, 0,0, 0,0.5

Tao
file co tn L124.PAT ni dung nh sau
*L124, proposed future trailers
90, 0,0, 0,1

*L125, proposed future trailers

0,1,0,1,2,-3,1

84

3. To cc mu mt ct phc tp.
Mu
mt ct phc tap
c tao
t nhiu
ho ng khac nhau (line family). Cac ho
ng nay
c m ta trn mt dong
vao
tap
thanh
mt mt ct phc tap.

Vi du :
oan
m ta sau tao
ra mt mt ct nh hinh
ve
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25

*lightning, interwoven lightning

0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25

*lightning, interwoven lightning

90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25

Va oan ma sau m ta mt mt ct phc tap

tao
bi 3 ho ng trn :
*lightning, interwoven lightning
90, 0,0, 0,.5, .5,.25
0, .25,.5, 0,.75, .25,.25
90, .25,.5, 0,.5, .5,.25

85

VI.Menu.
1. Menu v file menu.
1.1. Cc loi menu
C tng cng c 10 loi menu
Cc menu (pulldown menu): l menu nh file, edit,
Cc menu ng cnh (shortcut menu): l menu hin ln khi ta n phi chut ti v
tr trn bn v.
Cc thanh cng c (toolbar). Ci ny th ai cng bit ri.
Cc menu hnh nh (Image menu) : l menu hin ln nh khi ta vo mc
DrawSurfaces3d surfaces.
Cc menu mn hnh (Screen menu) : menu ny c hin ln khi ta vo Tools
optionDisplayWindow elementDisplay screen menu.
Cc menu thit b chut (Auxiliary menu) : menu ny l cc thit b chut nh ta
bm ctrl+chut tri, ctrl+chut phi.
Cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp (Button menu): y l menu phc v cho
cc thit b khc ca h thng nhp nh bt in t.
Cc bng nhp s ha (tablet) : menu dnh ring cho cc bng s ha ca cad.
Ci ny ti cng mi nhn thy ln u ti trin lm tin hc thng 11 va ri
( cn gi l tablet digital).
Cc chui ch thch status (helpstring): Ci ny th ai cng bit ri. Khi ta
chuyn con tr ln cc menu , s xut hin cc dng ch thch thanh trng
thi (status).
Cc phm nng (shortcu key). V d ctrl+oOpen, v.v
1.2. Cc loi file menu
Chng ta c cc loi file menu sau :
*.mnu
*.mns

*.mnc
*.mnr
*.mnl

File menu mu, y l file m ACII m bn c th hiu chnh trc

tip trn n.
y l file menu ngun c pht sinh bi AutoCAD da trn file
*.mnu. Cu trc file ny n gin hn mnu mt cht nhng v c
bn l ging. Bn cng c th hiu chnh trc tip trn file ny.
Khi bn thay i cc phm tt, hoc thay i cc toolbar, ngay
trong CAD th CAD s ghi li s thay i trn file ny. Ch
khng ghi vo file *.mnu. CAD s khng can thip vo File *.mnu
v n coi file ny l file ca ngi dng to ra.
L file bin dch m nh phn ca AutoCAD. AutoCAD s bin
dch file mns trn thnh file file mnc my c th ti v s l
nhanh hn.
File nh phn cha cc nh bitmap c s dng cho menu nh.
File acci cha cc chng trnh Autolisp i km vi menu. N s
t ng c ti ln nu c cng tn vi file *.mnc

Cc file trn to thnh h cc file menu (family menu files).

Khi mt file menu c ti, n s c ng k ln registry v ln sau khi khi ng
AutoCAD n s ti li file menu ny.
Quy trnh ti mt menu nh sau :

86

Q uyc

Btu

+:Tm thy
:Khngtm thy

Tm *.m ns

Tm *.m nc

Torafile
*.m ncv*.m nr
datrnfile*m ns

Tm *.m nc

Tm *.m nu

Bindch*.m nu
thnh*.m nsv*.m nc
torafile*m nr

Ti*.m nc

Boli

Ktthc

1.3. Ti, g b mt menu

Lnh Menuload dng ti mt menu vo AutoCAD. Ta cng c th iu chnh s
hin th ca cc menu trn hp thoi Customization Menu.
Lnh Menu cho php ta ti mt menu vo AutoCAD, khc vi mnh Menuload trc
khi trc khi ti menu th n g b tt c cc menu hin hnh trong AutoCAD.
Ch khi ti file *.mnu, cc thay i ca toolbar s bin mt. V CAD s dch file
*.mnu thnh file *.mns v khi file *.mns ca bn s bin mt, ng ngha vi iu l
cc thay i trong toolbar ,shortcut key ca bn cng bin mt theo.
V cc menu th ta phn bit hai loi menu l menu chnh v menu tng phn.
Menu chnh l cc menu c ti u tin bng lnh menuload. Hay cc menu c
ti bng lnh menu trong dng lnh command ca CAD.
Menu chnh khc menu tng phn ch : Menu chnh c ti ton b vo CAD.
Cn cc menu tng phn cc phn v AUX menu v Buttom menu s khng c ti.
2. Ty bin mt menu
2.1. Cu trc mt file menu
Thng thng mt file menu gm 9 phn.
Mi file menu se m ta mt nhom
menu va dong
u tin se quy inh
tn cua nhom

o. Cu phap
m ta nh sau :
***Menugroup=namegroup.
87

 Phn 2 : cha cc button menu v cc auxiliary menu. Cc menu ny dng

iu khin cc thit b chut v cc thit b h thng khc nu c.
Phn 3 : cc menu pop, l cc menu
Phn 4 : cc menu toolbar, l cc dng m t cc thanh cng c
Phn 5 : cha cc dng m t menu Image
Phn 6 : m t cc menu mn hnh (screen menu)
Phn 7 : m t cc bng s ha (tablet)
Phn 8 : cc dng m t cc shortcut key
Phn 9 : cc dng quy nh cc dng tr gip (tatus string).
Cac ghi chu c bt u
bng
du
//
Mi phn gm
mt hoc nhiu section (hoc cung
co th khng co).
Mi section la mt
nhom
cac menu co chc nng tng t nhau (thng thng la th).
Mi section gm
co 3
phn.

Phn 1 : tn cua section. Tn ca section c bt u bng ba du sao.

Tn
cua
section
***But
onsn
***AU
Xn
***Pop
n
***To
olbars
***Ima
ge
***Scr
een
***Tab
letn
***Hel
pString
s
***Ac
celerat
ors

Thanh
phn
menu tng ng
Menu cua cac thit bi tro khac.

Menu thit bi chut

Cac popup menu hoc cac menu ng canh

(shortcut menu)
Cac thanh cng cu
Cac menu hinh
anh

Menu man
hinh

Cac bang
s hoa
Cac chui tr giup
trn thanh trang
thai
Cac phim
nong

Phn 2 : Tn ca menu, Tn ca menu bt u bng 2 du sao v yu cu phi

l duy nht. Tn nay dung
lin kt cac muc cua cac menu khac,
cac thanh cng
cu, cac dong
tr giup
va cac menu hinh
anh.

Tn ca menu khng c co nhiu

hn 12 ky t va khng c cha khoang

trng.

Nu
khng chung
se bi bo qua.
Phn 3 : nhn v tn ca nhm menu. C php m t n nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [dong mo ta se hien len tren man hinh]
Phn 3 : cc menu thnh phn. C php m t mt menu item nh sau :
ID_NameLabel [name]menu_macro

88

Trong : name l tn s xut hin ln mn hnh ca menu item.

Menu_macro l nhng macro c thi hnh khi menu ny c chn.
Quan st mt v d trong file acad.mnu nh sau
***POP1
**FILE
ID_MnFile

[&File]

ID_New
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_NewSheet
[Ne&w Sheet Set...]^c^c_newsheetset
ID_Open
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
ID_OpenSheet
[Op&en Sheet Set...]^c^c_opensheetset
ID_DWG_CLOSE [&Close]^C^C_close

Section name
Nenu name
Menu ID v dng m t ca
menu s xut hin trn mn
hnh (nh file,edit,draw,)
Cc dng tip theo m t
cc mc chn (hay cn gi l
cc menu thnh phn menu
item)

2.2. Menu Macro

y l phn quan trong nht trong menu v tt c loi menu u c cha n.
Menu macro l mt chui cc k t cha tn lnh s c gi khi MenuItem c
chn. Th t ca cc tham s trong menu macro ging nh th t xut hin cc tham s
ny ti dng nhc lnh command ca AutoCAD.
Cc quy c dng trong menu macro.
K t
Space bar, du ;
Space bar
du \
Du +
Du *
^C
^P
^M
^B
^E
^G
^H
^O
^T
^Z
//

M t
Du enter trong AutoCAD
L khong trng khi ang nhp text
Tm dng user nhp s liu, c th l nhp mt im bng
kich chut hoc nhp mt gi tr
Dng khi dng m t qu di, Mun m t tip dng k tip
ta t du + cui dng
t u macro, sau ^C^C, s lp i lp li lnh n khi ta n
ESC hoc chn Menu Item khc
Hy tt c cc lnh ang hot ng (Escapse)
Tt tt c cc hin th ca macro trn mn hnh. (Bin h thng
MenuEcho thnh on,off).
K t ENTER (Ctrl+M)
Chuyn i (tt/m) cc ch hin th ta con tr
(Ctrl+B)
Chuyn v tr si tc con tr trn mn hnh v mt trong 3 v tr
trong mt phng trc o (Ctrl+E)
Chuyn i ch hin th li (Ctrl+G)
Tng t nh phm BackSpace., dng xa k t trc noa
ca dng lnh command.
Chuyn i ch V vung gc (Ortho).
Chuyn i chc nng nhp t bng nhp tablet (Ctrl+T)
K t rng, t ng thm khong trng vo cui Menu Item.
Quy c bt u ca chui ch thch.

V d 1 :
ID_ArcStCeAn [S&tart, Center, Angle]^C^C_arc \_c \_a
Phn tch v d:

89

S&tart, Center, Angle : Hin th trn menu : Start, Center, Angle

^C^C : Hy tt c cc lnh trc n.
_arc : Bt u v mt cung trn, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn
ng khc nhau.
khong trng tng ng vi phm enter.
\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_c : Chn option center, cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng khc
nhau.
\ : tm dng ngi dng nhp vo ta mt im trn mn hnh.
_a : Chn mt option angle, c cho php chuyn i gia cc version c ngn ng
khc nhau.
V d 2
ID_MoveRight [Move .1 Right]^C^Cselect \move previous ;.1,0 ;
Phn tch v d:
^C^C : Thot mi lnh ang s dng.
Select : Bt u select command.
Du cch th hin enter, kt thc lnh select.
Sau s dch chuyn cc object chn sang Phi 0.1 n v bn v
V d 3
on macro sau y s chuyn ng polyline c chn thnh ng polyline c
b rng 0.1 n v.
^C^Cpedit \w .1 ;
V d 4
Bn c th s dng macro sau t ng v 4 ng trn vi bn knh v tm c
nh sn, v dng qu di ta phi vit lm 2 dng nn ta thm du cng cui.
^C^Ccircle 2,2 1.5 circle 6,2 1.5 circle 10,2 1.5 circle +
14,2 1.5
2.3. Pull-down Menu
2.3.1. Section ca Pull-down menu
Puldown menu c khai bo t section Pop1 n pop499. mi section c th c mt
hoc nhiu menu (thng thng l cha 1). Trong mi menu c th co ti a 999
mc menu item. AutoCAD se bo qua nhng menu item vt qua gii han
trn. Nu
man

hinh
khng u ch cha ht cac menu item thi AutoCAD se t ng
ct bt i va vi
kich
thc man
hinh
va hai hinh
mui tn ln xung
se c xut hin.

Pulldown chia lam

hai loai.

Loai th nht co section t pop1 n pop 16. Cac menu nay se c t ng

tai
vao
vi tri cua
no trn man
hinh.

Nu section ny m c nhiu hn mt menu th

ch menu u tin mi c ti vo mn hnh.
Loai th hai co section t Pop17 n
pop 499. Cac menu nay se khng t ng

c tai vao man hinh.

Tuy nhin ta vn co th tai no vo mn hnh bng

lnh

menuload hoc bng

chc nng menu swapping.
2.3.2. Tiu ca pull-down menu
i vi cc pull-down menu, tiu ca mc chn u tin s c s dng lm
tiu xut hin trn thanh menu. Cn cc dng m t tip theo s l nhn, tiu v
macro ca cc menu thnh phn.
Cch to tiu cho cc menu v menu thnh phn l nh nhau; cc tiu phi
c t trong du ngoc vung.

90

Cc quy c tao tiu ca menu.

K t
ngha
-Dng phn cch trn thanh menu
->
Bt u mt menu cha (submenu)
<Kt thc menu cha (kt thc submenu)
<-<Khai bo cui cng ca submenu v menu
$( )
Cho php s dng chui DIESEL trong tiu mc menuItem.
~
Lm m mc chn v khng cho php chn mc ny
!.
Lm xut hin du chn () trc menu.
&
Lm xut hin du gch chn cho k t ng sau n (khai bo phm tt)
\t
Canh l phi cho k t trong tiu ca mc chn.
\c
Khai bo phm nng.
Phn tch v d sau :
**FILE
ID_MnFile
[&File]
ID_New
[&New...\tCtrl+N]^C^C_new
ID_Open
[&Open...\tCtrl+O]^C^C_open
ID_DWG_CLOSE
[&Close]^C^C_close
[--]
ID_Save
[&Save\tCtrl+S]^C^C_qsave
ID_Saveas
[Save &As...\tCtrl+Shift+S]^C^C_saveas
ID_Export
[&Export...]^C^C_export
[--]
ID_Inan
[->Print]
ID_Preview
[/vPlot Preview]^C^C_preview
ID_PlotSetup [Pa&ge Setup Manager...]^C^C_pagesetup
ID_PlotMgr
[Plotter &Manager...]^C^C_plottermanager
ID_Print
[<-&Plot...\tCtrl+P]^C^C_plot
[--]
ID_MRU
[Drawing History]
[--]
ID_APP_EXIT
[E&xit\tCtrl+Q]^C^C_quit
Phn tch v d sau :
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
[$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O
ID_Snap
[$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
ID_grid
[$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
ID_cmdactive [$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
2.3.3. Tham chiu n pulldown menu
Ta c th lm m hay nh du chn cho cc menu Item, hoc ta cng c th ly cc
thng s trng thi ca tng menu Item bng cch s dng tham chiu thng qua cc hm
AutoLisp.
C hai loi tham chiu :
Tham chiu tng i
Tham chiu tuyt i.
Tham chiu tng i.
Tham chiu tng i l tham chiu s dng tn nhn ca menu item.

91

Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldown

menu.
C php :
gn trng thi cho menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=xxx)
ly thng s trng thi ca menu
(menucmd Gyyy.zzz=?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
yyy tn ca nhm menu
zzz nhn mc chn
xxx - trng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !. (c nh u chn) (trng
thi bnh thng.
Tham chiu tuyt i
Tham chiu tuyt i l tham chiu d trn vic m s lng cc menu trn mn
hnh.
Hm menucmd ca AutoLisp cho php ta tham chiu n cc mc ca pulldown
menu.
C php :
gn trng thi cho menu
(menucmd Pn.i=xxx)
ly thng s trang thi ca menu
(menucmd Pn.i=#?) hm tr v gi tr xxx
Trong
n s th t ca menu tnh t tri sang phi trn mn hnh.
i s th t ca menu item cn tham chiu n (tnh c submenu v du ngn
cch gia cc phn trong menu )
xxx Gi trih ca xxx bng Pn.i=&trng thi ca menu : ~ (lm m), !.
(c nh u chn) (trng thi bnh thng.
V d :
ID_Swap1
[Swaping1]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "P1.1=#?") "P1.1=~") (menucmd
"P1.1=") (menucmd "p1.1=~") )
ID_Swap2
[Swaping2]^C^C^P(if (= (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=?") "~")
(menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=") (menucmd "GACAD.ID_new=~") )
2.3.4. Chn v loi b Pull-down menu trn menubar
Ngoi lnh MenuLoad, cc pull-down menu ca nhm ny c th c a vo thanh
menubng c php sau y :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=+uuu.vvv)
Trong :
Gyyyzzz - s xc nh v tr ca pull-down menu uuu.vvv s chn vo.
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr.
zzz B danh (hay tn mc chn) ca pull-down menu xc nh v tr cho
uuu.vvv chn vo .
uuu Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun chn.
uvv Tn b danh ca pull-down menu cn chn
Ta cng c th loi b mt Pull-down menu khi thanh menu bng lnh sau :
(Menucmd Gyyy.zzz=-)
Trong :
yyy Tn nhm menu ca pull-down menu mun xa.
zzz B danh ca pull-down menu mun xa.
92

V d :
***pop3
**Test3
[Pop&3]
ID_ortho
ID_Snap
ID_grid
ID_cmdactive
ID_huybo
ID_chenpop4

[$(if,$(getvar,orthomode),!.)Ortho]^O
[$(if,$(getvar,snapmode),!.)Snap]^B
[$(if,$(getvar,gridmode),!.)Gride]^G
[$(if,$(getvar,cmdactive),~)line]Line
[Xoa menu]^c^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=-")
[Chen pop4]^C^C(menucmd "Gcustom.pop3=+Custom.Pop4")

***pop4
**Test4
[Pop&4]
ID_monew1
[mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=~");^P
ID_hiennew1 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=");^P
ID_TTnew1
[ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert (menucmd "Gcustom.ID_New=?"));^P
[--]
ID_monew2
[mo new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=~");^P
ID_hiennew2 [hien new]^C^C^P(menucmd "P5.1=");^P
ID_TTnew2
[ben menucmd]^C^C^P(alert "Cmdmenu"&(menucmd "P5.1=#?"));^P
2.4. Shortcut menu.
Shortcut menu v c ban
ging
Pull-down menu. Chi khac nhau khai bao
section
Shortcut menu c khai bo t section Pop500 n pop999 Va Pop0. Trong mi
menu c th co ti a 499 mc menu item. AutoCAD se bo qua nhng menu item vt
qua gii han
trn. Nu
man
hinh
khng u ch cha ht cac menu item thi AutoCAD se t
ng
ct bt i va vi kich
thc man
hinh
va hai hinh
mui tn ln xung
se c xut
hin.

Menu Pop0 cua AutoCAD la menu Snap, hin

cac phng thc truy bt im.

Cac menu Pop500 n

Pop999 la cac menu ng canh
(context menu)
2.5. Buttons menu v auxiliary menu.
2.5.1. Section ca Buttons menu v auxiliary menu
Cc nt ca thit b con chut c khi bo bi cc auxiliary menu v c m t
trong file menu t section ***AUXn (t ***AUX1 n ***AUX4)
Cc thit b tr khc nh bt in t c khi bo bi cc Buttons menu v c m
t trong file menu t section ***Buttonsn.
Lu l cc buttons menu v cc auxiliary menu ch c hiu lc trong file menu base
(menu chnh) ch khng c tc dng nu ta khai bo trong cc partial menu (menu thnh
phn).
V m t ca buttons menu v auxiliary ging nhau nn y ta ch xt cc AUX
menu, cn cc buttons menu tng t.
Cc menu t section AUX1 n AUX4 c ngha nh sau :
Section
T hp phm v chut
AUX1
Nhn mt trong cc nt chut
AUX2
Phm Shift + mt nt chut
AUX3
Phm Ctrl + mt nt chut
AUX4
Phm Ctrl+Shift+mt nt chut
2.5.2. To cc AUX menu.

93

Mi dong
trong section nay
la mt muc chon
. Cu
truc cua section cung
tng t nh
cac section khac.
Tuy nhin phn
tn va tiu la khng bt buc,
ta co th bo qua chung

hoc ta s dung
chung
lam
chu thich.

Xem xet vi du sau :

***AUX1
// Simple button
// if a grip is hot bring up the Grips Cursor Menu (POP 500), else send a carriage return
// If the SHORTCUTMENU sysvar is not 0 the first item (for button 1, the "right
button")
// is NOT USED.
$M=$(if,$(eq,$(substr,$(getvar,cmdnames),1,5),GRIP_),$P0=ACAD.GRIPS $P0=*);
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
^C^C
^B
^O
^G
^D
^E
^T
Muc th nht tng ng vi nut chut th 2 nu bin h thng
shortcutmenu=0.
Con
nu
bin
nay
khac khng thi nut nay
se c lin kt vi cac shortcut menu mc inh

cua h thng
AutoCAD.
Muc th 2 tng ng vi nut s 3 cua h thng
chut nu bin h thng

Mbuttonpan=0. Con
bin
nay
khac khng thi nut nay
se c lin kt vi nut pan mc inh

cua AutoCAD (mc inh

cua bin
nay
la 1).
Muc chon th 3 tng ng vi nut lnh
th 4 cua chut.

Noi chung chut co bao nhiu nut thi ta co by

nhiu dong
lnh.

Ta lu y la chi co Pop0 thi mi co kha nng hin

tai vi tri con chut trn man
hinh.

Vi du sau s dung
tiu lam
chu thich
:
***AUX1
[nut so 2];
nut th hai la lnh
enter.
[nut so 3](alert "nut thu 2 duoc an") nut th ba a ra thng bao .
[nut thu 4]^C^C nut th 4 nut escape.
Tng t nh th ban co th hiu chinh
cac menu AUX2, AUX3, AUX4 cua minh
sao
cho hp vi cac
2.5.3. Menu swaping.
Menu swaping dung
trao i ni dung gia cac menu. Vi du khi ta ang thc hin

lnh
zoo, bn
phai chut chuyn
sang shortcut menu khac.
Hay khi vao
Draw
Surfaces 3D surface... AutoCAD chuyn
sang menu image ban
chon
cac hinh
cn
ve vi
slide i kem.

Cu phap
trao
i nh sau :
$Section=MenuGroup.MenuName $Section=MenuGroup.*
Nu
2 menu ta mun
trao i nm
cung
trong mt group ta co th bo qua MenuGroup.
Nghia la cu phap cua ta se nh sau ;
$Section=MenuName $Section=*
Vi du sau c trich
trong file Acad.mnu :
ID_3dsurface [&3D Surfaces...]$I=ACAD.image_3dobjects $I=ACAD.*
94

y menu item 3d surfaces trong menu draw cua AutoCAD. Khi ta chon
muc nay
thi
AutoCAD se chuyn
sang menu image co tn la image_3dobjects
Vi du sau c trich
trong file Acad.mnu :
***AUX2
// Shift + button
$P0=SNAP $p0=*
Khi ta bn
shift + chut phai se chuyn
sang section Pop0, menu Snap nm
trong
Section Pop0.
2.6. Image Tile menus
Menu hinh
anh
la loai menu c bit trong AutoCAD, cha danh sach
cac muc chon
va
cac hinh
slide tng ng vi cac muc chon
o. Khi chon
vao
cac muc chon

2.6.1. Section ca Image menu

Cac menu hinh
anh
nm
trong section Image. Va c khai bao
la ***Image. Section
vi du mt section menu hinh
anh

nh sau :
***image
Khai bao
tn section
**image_poly Tn cua menu (menu name)
[Set Spline Fit Variables]
Tiu cua menu hinh
anh.

[acad(pm-quad,Quadric Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 5

Cac dong
m ta cac muc chon

[acad(pm-cubic,Cubic Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 6 cua menu hinh

anh

[acad(pm-bezr,Bezier Fit Mesh)]'_surftype 8

[acad(pl-quad,Quadric Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 5
[acad(pl-cubic,Cubic Fit Pline)]'_splinetype 6
2.6.2. M ta muc chon
cua menu hinh
anh

Mi muc chon
cua menu hinh
anh
c m ta gm
2 phn
: tiu va menu macro
(khng co phn
nhan
ID nh cac pull-down menu).
Phn tiu co cac cach
m ta sau :
[sldname]
Anh
cua slide sldname se c hin
ln khung bn phai cua hp
menu, tiu la
sldname se c hin
ln danh sach
bn trai cua hp
menu.
[sldname,labeltext]
Tiu la LabelText se c hin
ln danh sach
bn trai cua hp
menu. Anh
cua
slide sldname se c hin
ln khung bn phai cua hp
menu.
[sldlib(sldname)]
Tiu la sldname se c hin
ln danh sach
bn trai cua hp
menu. Anh
cua slide
sldname nm
trong th vin slide co tn la sldlib se c hin
ln khung bn phai
cua hp
menu.
[sldlib(sldname,labeltext)]
Tiu la labeltext se c hin
ln danh sach
bn trai cua hp
menu. Anh
cua slide
sldname nm
trong th vin slide co tn la sldlib se c hin
ln khung bn phai
cua hp
menu.
[blank]
Khi ban
mun
chen
mt Icon trng
trn danh sach
cac slide bn phai hp
menu. Mt
dong
phn cach
se c hin
ln trn danh sach
phia bn trai hp
menu.
[ labeltext]
Khi ky t u tin cua muc m ta la khoang
trng,

muc mo ta se c hin
ln trong
danh sach
nhng khng co mt Icon nao
c hin
ln bn phai hp
menu ca. Ban

95

thng dung
no trong trng hp ban
mun
tao
mt nut exit thoat ra khoi menu
hinh
anh,

thi muc chon

nay
thng khng co Icon i kem.

2.6.3. Goi hin

thi cac menu hinh
anh

Ngoai vic goi hin

thi cac menu hinh
anh
bng
chc nng swap menu (nh a trinh

bay
muc 2.5.3), ta con
co th s dung
cac dong
lnh
AutoLisp goi chung.

Cu phap
nh
sau :
(MenuCmd I=yyy.xxx)(menu cmd i=*)
Trong o
yyy Tn nhm menu. Nu cung
chung mt group thi ta co th bo qua yyy.
xxx Tn menu hinh
anh.

Vi du nh sau :
(menucmd "I=acad.image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
(menucmd "I=image_vporti")(memucmd "i=*")
2.6.4. Slide va th vin
slide.
Tao cac slide .
Lu y :
Tao
slide phai tht d nhn
bit.

Hinh
anh
phai va khung. Hinh
anh
c tao
vi ty l (1 x 1.5)
Cac i tng t m
nh Pline, trace, 2d solid chi hin
ln cac ng vin.
co
cac hinh
t bong
ta s dung
lnh
t bong
Shade trc khi tao
hinh
slide.
Trnh t to :
Chuyn qua khng gian giy v
To Viewport c kch thc 1,5:1
Tao th vin slide.

2.7. Menu mn hnh.

2.7.1. Section ca menu hnh nh.

2.8. Chui ch thch thanh trng thi.

2.8.1. Section ca on m t chui ch thch.
Cc dng ch thch ny c m t trong section ***HELPSTRINGS
2.8.2. M t chui ch thch.
Dng m t nh sau : ID_menu [status tring]
V d :
2.9. To cc phm tt.
2.9.1. Section ca on m t cc phm tt
on m t cc phm tt nm trong section : ***ACCELERATORS.
2.9.2. To phm tt

96

 Tn mc chn + t hp phm nng

V d :
ID_Open [control+O]
T hp phm nng+Chui lnh cn thc hin.
V d :
[Control + O]^C^C_Open
Cc t hp thng dng :
Control, shift, Alt, A,Z,"numpad0","numpad9"
VII.

Toolbar

1. cch to toolbars bng cch dng lnh Toolbar

1.1. To Toolbar
1.2. To nt lnh mi
1.3. Sa nt lnh
1.4. To mt Flyout

Trnh din mt ln to toolbars.

Ch to flyout Toolbar

97

Khi mun to mt nt lnh trong toolbar, bn chuyn n commands User Defined

button, User Defined Flyout. Ko r uer difined vo toolbar m bn cn thm mi nt lnh.
Sau bm vo nt Properties, hp thoi s hin ra nh sau :

To Toolbars bng cch dng lnh customise l n gin v thun tin nht. Tuy
nhin bn cn c th to ra bng cch son tho trc tip trong file acad.mnu.
2. Cch to toolbars bng cch son tho trong file *.mnu
Cc base menu v partial menu u c th khai bo cc thanh cng c trong section
***TOOLBARS ca mnh. Section ny chia lm nhiu on **XXXX tng ng vi tn
thanh cng c
Mi on m t thanh cng c bt u bng tn thanh cng c ***XXXX. Sau l
cc dng nh sau :
Dng u tin m t tng qut v thanh cng c.
98

Cc dng tip theo m t cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c . C 3 loi nt lnh :

Button, Flyout v Control.

2.1. Dng m t tng qut thanh cng c

C php :
TAG[Toolbar (tbarname,orient, visible, x, y, rows)]
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Tbarname : tiu thanh cng c. t trong du nhy chui
Orient : v tr mc nh ca thanh cng cuk. Cc gi tr c th gn cho mc ny l :
_Floating, _Top, _Bttm, _Left v _Right. (khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng).
Visible : mc nh xut hin trn mn hnh hay khng. Cc gi tr c th gn cho
mc ny l _show v _hide.(khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng)
X,y : v tr xut hin mc nh trn mn hnh, tnh t mp trn tri khng gian v.
Rows : s dng mc nh chua cc nt lnh
Ch : Cc c im ca thanh cng c nh Orient, visible, x, y, rows s c lu
li trong registry ca Window mi khi autocad ng li. Ch khi no khng tm thy cc gi
tr trn registry, autocad mi s dng cc gi tr mc nh trong file menu.
V d :
**TB_Draw
ID TbDraw [toolbar (Draw),_left, Show,0,0,1]
2.2. Dng m t loi nt lnh Button
C php :
TAG [button (btnname, ID_Small, ID_Large)] macro
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nt lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng
lm ToolTip (dng ch ch thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tr c a
n nm ti v tr biu tng nt lnh trn thanh cng c)
ID_Small : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c. y l tn ca mt
trong cc biu tng nh (kch thc 16 x 15) to sn ca AutoCAD (v d :
ICON_16_Line). Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t to (kch thc 15x16) t trong
cc th mc mc nh ca AutoCAD.
ID_Large : xc nh hnh nh n lnh hin trn thanh cng c khi chn mc Large
buttons trn hp thoi Toolbats. y l tn ca mt trong cc biu tng ln (kch
thc 24 x 22) to sn ca AutoCAD. Hoc l tn mt file bitmap t to (kch
thc 24 x 26) t trong cc th mc mc nh ca AutoCAD. Nu kch thc
khng phi l 24 x 22, AutoCAD s t iu chnh t l cho bng kch thc ny.
Macro : menu macro, c c php tng t c php ca cc menu khc trong phn
ny.
V d :
**TB_DRAW
ID_TbDraw [_Toolbar("Draw", _Left, _Show, 0, 0, 1)]
ID_Line [_Button("Line", RCDATA_16_LINE, RCDATA_16_LINE)]^C^C_line
ID_Xline [_Button("Construction Line", RCDATA_16_XLINE, RCDATA_16_XLINE)]^C^C_xline
ID_Pline [_Button("Polyline", RCDATA_16_PLINE, RCDATA_16_PLINE)]^C^C_pline
ID_Polygon [_Button("Polygon", RCDATA_16_POLYGO, RCDATA_16_POLYGO)]^C^C_polygon
ID_Rectang [_Button("Rectangle", RCDATA_16_RECTAN, RCDATA_16_RECTAN)]^C^C_rectang
ID_Arc
[_Button("Arc", RCDATA_16_ARC3PT, RCDATA_16_ARC3PT)]^C^C_arc

2.3. Dng m t loi nt lnh Flyout.

Flyout l mt loi nt lnh trn thanh cng c, khi chn s xut hin mt thanh cng
c khc (c chc nng tng t nh SubMenu). V d, trn thanh cng c Standard c nt
lnh Flyout zoom, khi ta chn s xut hin thanh cng c Zoom.
99

C php :
TAG [flyout (flyname,ID_Smaill,ID_Large, Icon, alias)] macro
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc), khng bt buc phi c
Btnname : tiu nt lnh. t trong du nhy chui. Chui ny s c dng
lm ToolTip (dng ch ch thch xut hin trn nn vng, khi con tr c a
n nm ti v tr biu tng nt lnh trn thanh cng c)
ID_small v ID_large ging nh mc trn.
Icon : nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr sau :
o OwnIcon : Hnh nh nt Flyout trn thanh cng c s khng thay i
o OtherIcon : Hnh nh nt Flyout s thay i theo hnh nh ca nt va
c chn
Alias : Tn b danh ca thanh cng c gn vi nt flyout.
Macro : tng t nh nt lnh button.
**TB_ZOOM
ID_TbZoom [_Toolbar("Zoom", _Floating, _Hide, 100, 350, 1)]
ID_ZoomWindo [_Button("Zoom Window", RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOWIN)]'_zoom _w
ID_ZoomDynam [_Button("Zoom Dynamic", RCDATA_16_ZOODYN, RCDATA_16_ZOODYN)]'_zoom _d
ID_ZoomScale [_Button("Zoom Scale", RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA, RCDATA_16_ZOOSCA)]'_zoom _s
ID_ZoomCente [_Button("Zoom Center", RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN, RCDATA_16_ZOOCEN)]'_zoom _c
ID_ZoomObjec [_Button("Zoom Object", RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ, RCDATA_16_ZOOOBJ)]'_zoom _o
[--]
ID_ZoomIn [_Button("Zoom In", RCDATA_16_ZOOIN, RCDATA_16_ZOOIN)]'_zoom 2x
ID_ZoomOut [_Button("Zoom Out", RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT, RCDATA_16_ZOOOUT)]'_zoom .5x
[--]
ID_ZoomAll [_Button("Zoom All", RCDATA_16_ZOOALL, RCDATA_16_ZOOALL)]'_zoom _all
ID_ZoomExten [_Button("Zoom Extents", RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT, RCDATA_16_ZOOEXT)]'_zoom _e
**TB_STANDARD
ID_TbZoom [_Flyout("Zoom", RCDATA_16_ZOOM, RCDATA_16_ZOOM, _OtherIcon, ACAD.TB_ZOOM)]

2.4. Dong m t nt lnh Control.

Nt lnh Control c dng mt danh sch xung. Ccc
danh sch ny do AutoCAD to sn.
V d nh danh sch mu trn thanh cng c Object
properties ca AutoCAD.
C php nh sau : TAG [_control (name)]
TAG : tn mc chn (tng t nh cc section khc),
khng bt buc phi c
Name : Tn ca control do autoCAD to sn. Cc gi tr
ca tham s ny nh sau :
o _Color
o _Dimstyle
o _Layer
o _LineType
o LineWeight
o UCSManager
o _View
o ViewportScale
V d : (trch trong file acad.mnu)
**TB_OBJECT_PROPERTIES

100

ID_TbObjectP [_Toolbar("Properties", _Top, _Show, 2, 1, 1)]

[_Control(_Color)]
[--]
[_Control(_Linetype)]
[--]
[_Control(_Lineweight)]
[--]
[_Control(_PlotStyle)]

101