Osmolality

Osmolality is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

It is expressed in terms of osmol/kg or Osm/kg.

Osmolality can be measured using an osmometer which measures colligative

properties.
Colligative Properties
Vapour Pressure depression
Freezing point depression
Boiling point depression
Osmotic Pressure

Osmolarity
Osmolarity is defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter (L) of solution.
It is expressed in terms of osmol/L or Osm/L.
Osmolarity are not commonly used in osmometry because they are temperature
dependent. This is because water changes its volume with temperature.
The osmolarity of a solution can be calculated from the following expression:

where

is the osmotic coefficient

n is the number of particles (e.g. ions) into which a molecule dissociates.
C is the molar concentration of the solute;
the index i represents the identity of a particular solute.

Tonicity
Tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient of
two solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane.
Tonicity divided into 3 type:
Hypertonicity- A hypertonic solution is one with a higher
concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell.
Hypotonicity- A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of
solutes outside the cell than inside the cell.
Isotonicity- An isotonic solution is one in which its effective osmole
concentration is the same as the solute concentration of a cell.

Relation of Osmolality and Osmolarity

Osmolality is number of osmoles of solutes per litre (L) but Osmolarity is the
number of osmoles of solutes per kilogram (kg)

Osmolality can be measured by using an osmometer but Osmolarity cannot be

measured by using osmometer. Osmolarity calculated by using formula:

Relation between Osmolality and

Osmolarity with the Tonicity of
substances.

Osmolarity and Tonicity are related but different concepts.

Both related when compare with the solute concentrations of two solutions
separated by a membrane.
Both different because osmolarity takes into account the total concentration of
penetrating solutes and non-penetrating solutes, whereas tonicity takes into
account the total concentration of only non-penetrating solutes
Penetrating solutes can diffuse through the cell membrane, causing momentary
changes in cell volume as the solutes "pull" water molecules with them.
Non-penetrating solutes cannot cross the cell membrane, and
therefore osmosis of water must occur for the solutions to reach equilibrium.