PPISMP MATHEMATICS SEM 1

Lecturers name : Pn. Hjh Sakinah Binti Ismail

Students name : Normaisyarah Binti Zainudin
Nur Syahmi Binti Nazri

What is set?
Set is a collection or group of object
with certain characteristic. The object
are known as element.

What is notation?

Usually we denote set with upper case

letter and elements with lower case letter.
x A means x is a member of set A
x A means x is not a member of set A.

Description

A set can be represent as :

Set notation

Venn Diagram

A set can be represent as :

A description :
e.g : P is a set of color of rainbow
Q is a set of number of perfect
square with less than 25.

A set notation :
e.g : P= { red,orange,yellow,purple,
green,blue,indigo }
Q= { 1,4,9,16 }

A Venn Diagram :
e.g :
P= orange
red
yellow
indigo
purple
green
blue

Q=

1
4
9
16

Universal and null set :

What is universal set?
This is the set of all elements
currently under consideration and is
often symbolized :

What is empty set @ null set?

This is the set which does not have
any element. It is symbolized as :

{} or

Union set :

AUB
A union B is the set of all elements
that are in A or in B or both.

This is similar to the logical or

operator.

Intersection set :

AB
A intersect B is the set of all
elements that are both in A and B.

This is similar to the logical and

Exercises :
AUB

(AUB)A

How about this?

A
B

ACB