Week1

Set Theory:
Operation on Sets
Activity: In the following collection of objects, choose the one
that is out of place.
1. apple, banana, orange, potato, tomato

2. decagon, jargon, nonagon, octagon, pentagon

3. cat, dog, goat, whale

4. bond paper, intermediate paper, sandpaper,

yellow paper
5. ATV, bicycle, boat, bus, car
What is Set?
- Is any well – defined collections or group of
distinct objects. It is names using a capital
letter. Each object is in a set is called a
member or an element of a set
Elements
- The symbol used for element
- The symbol used for not an element
Example 1:
A = {school days in a week}
Ans.: A = {Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri.}
Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri are called Elements

Monday A
Sunday A
Tuesday A
Wednesday A Saturday A
Thursday A
Friday A
Example 2:
B = {counting numbers less than 5}
Ans.: B = {1, 2, 3, 4}
1, 2, 3, 4 are called Elements

Example 3:
B = {primary colors}
Ans.: B = {red, yellow, blue}
Red, yellow, blue are called Elements
Try this:
A = {even numbers}
B = {odd numbers}
C = {counting numbers}
Fill in the blanks with or
2 ____ A 7 ____ C -2 ____ C
8 ____ B 3 ____ B 5 ____ A
What is Empty or Null Set?
- A set with no members or elements. It is
denoted by the symbol { } for empty set and Ø
for null set.
Example:
A = {set of triangles with 4 sides}
B = {set of months in a year start with letter B}
C = {set of whole number less than 0}
What is Cardinality of Set?
- Refers to the numbers of elements in a given set. It is
denoted by the symbol n.
“Cardinality of set A” is written as n(A)
Example1:
A = {set of primary colors}
A = {red, yellow, blue} n(A) = 3
Example2:
B = {school days in a week} n(B) = 5
B = {mon, tue, wed, thur, fri}
What if there is no elements in a given set? What will be
its cardinality?

Example:
A= {set of days in a week start with letter A}

Answer:
n(A) = 0
What is Set-Builder Form?
- A set defined by stating the property that describes all
members of the set.
Example:
S = {mon, tue, wed, thur, fri, sat, sun}
S = {set of days in a week}
S = { x ǀ x is a day of the week}

Can be read as: Set S is the set of all element x such that x
is a day of a week
Example:
S = {January, february, march,….., december}
S = {set of months in a year}
S = { x ǀ x is a month in a year}

Can be read as: Set S is the set of all element x such that x
is a month in a year
What is Roster Form?
- The elements are listed, separated by comma, and
enclosed in a pair of brackets { }.
Example 1:
Set S containing the number of days in February
Answer:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,………….., 28}
Example 2:
Set L containing natural numbers under 10
Answer:
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}