LESSON 3: SETS

SETS
- is a well defined collection of distinct objects.

ELEMENTS
- each object in a set is called a MEMBER or
an element of a set.
 Set of colors = {red, blue, green, white,
orange, pink, yellow, purple, gray}
 Set of shapes = {triangle, circle, square,
rectangle}

HOW TO WRITE A SET

ROSTER METHOD (Listing Method)
- is defined as a way to show the
elements of a set by listing the
elements inside of brackets.
SET-BUILDER NOTATION (Rule Method)
- it describes or defines the elements of a
set instead of listing the element.

ORDERS OF SETS
NUMBER OF ELEMENTS IN A SET
Example:
 A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}  n(A) = 7 read as “cardinality”
 B = {vowels}  n(B) = 5
 B = {a,e,i,o,u}  n(B) = 5

TYPES OF SETS
FINITE SET
- A set which contains a definite number of elements is called a finite set.
Example:
 Let P = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} n(P)= 5
 Let C = {natural numbers less than 8} n(C)= 7
 Let B = {the set of all the colors of the rainbow} n(B)=12
 The set of all persons in the Philippines is a finite set.
INFINITE SET
- A set which contains a definite number of elements is called a finite set.
Example:
 W = {0, 1, 2, 3, ……..} i.e. set of all whole numbers
 N = {1, 2, 3, ……….} i.e. set of all natural numbers
UNIVERSAL SET
- denoted by U, contains all elements being considered in a given situation
Example:
The set of numbers in the 10 cards is
 U= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
The other sets are defined as follows:
 A = {1, 2, 3, 4}  C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
 B = {2, 4}  D = {1, 3, 5, 7}
EMPTY SET OR NULL SET
- An empty set contains no elements. It is denoted by ∅. As the number of elements in an empty set is finite,
empty set is a finite set. The cardinality of empty set or null set is zero.
Example:
 S = { x | x ∈ N and 7 < x < 8 } = ∅
SINGLETON SET OR UNIT SET
- Singleton set or unit set contains only one element. A singleton set is denoted by { s }.
Example:
 S = { x | x ∈ N, 7 < x < 9 } = { 8 }