INTRODUCTION TO

SETS
 Activity: Sort the countries listed below according to
their location on the map.

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Guatemala New Zealand
Bangladesh Indonesia
Italy Australia
Ecuador Philippines
Kenya
Nepal
COUNTRIES IN THE
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

Nepal
Philippines
Guatemala
Bangladesh
Italy
COUNTRIES IN THE Name of a
SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE Set

Australia
Ecuador
Elements
New Zealand
Indonesia
Kenya
 How do we write sets?

Roster Method
Set Builder Notation
Roster Method – the
members or elements are
separated by a comma
and enclosed between a
pair of braces.
Example 1

Let P be the set of terrestrial

planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and
Mars.
P = {Mercury, Venus, Earth,
Mars}
Example 2

Let A be the set of numbers from 1-

10.

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Example 3
Let X be the set of numbers from
1-100
Are you going to write all the numbers
from one to 100? - NO
We can use the ELLIPSIS ( ...)
Example 3

Let X be the set of numbers from

1-100. DO NOT
FORGET TO
INCLUDE THE
LAST NUMBER,
X = {1, 2 . . . 100} WITHOUT IT, IT
WOULD MEAN
INFINITY.
Your turn!

Get your whiteboard and

marker and write the following
sets in Roster Method
Let P be the set of cluster
leaders in College of Saint
Anthony.
P = {Ms. Casiño,
Mr. De Vera}
Let A be the set of prime
numbers from 1-50
A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11,
13, 17, 19, 23, 29,
31, 37, 41, 43, 47}
Let C be the set of multiples
of 2 from 2-100.
C = {2, 4, 6 . . . 100}
Let Y be the set of odd
numbers.

Are you having a hard time?

We can use the second
method with that. It’s
called the Set Builder
Notation.
Set Builder Notation– the
variable x may be use
arbitrarily to represent the
elements of a set along with
a vertical line and description
enclosed by braces.
 Let Y be the set of odd
numbers.
Y = {x | x is odd}
“Y is the set of numbers x such that x is
odd”
Write Set A as the names of the
student of CSA in set builder
notation.
A = {x | x is a name of
a student in CSA}
“Y is the set of names x such that x is a
name of student in CSA”
Your turn!

Get your whiteboard and

marker and write the
following sets in Set
Builder Notation
Let Y be the set of all the stars
in the universe.

Y = {x | x is a star in
the universe}
Let U be the set of all the
multiples of 10.

U = {x | x is a multiple of
10}
Let B be the set of all the title
holders in the Miss Universe
Pageant.
U = {x | x is a title holder in
Miss Universe Pageant}
GOOD JOB! ☺
Practice Reading
of Sets
 A= {2,4,6,8,10}
Let A be the set of the
numbers, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10.
B= {x|x is even}

B is the set of x such

that x is even.
C= {Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter, Uranus}

Let C be the set of the

planets Saturn, Neptune,
Jupiter and Uranus.
D= {x|x is a country and x is in Asia}

D is the set of x such

that x is a country
and x is in Asia.
A={x|0 ≤ x ≤ 10 and x is a counting
number}
Let A be the set of x such that x
is greater than or equal to 0 and
less than or equal to 10 and is a
counting number.
A={x|10 ≤ x ≤ 100 and x is an odd
number}
Let A be the set of x such that x
is greater than or equal to 10
and less than or equal to 100
and is an odd number.
E= {Tony, Jose, Albert, Diego}

Let E be the set of Tony,

Jose, Albert and Diego.
E= {Tony, Jose, Albert, Diego}

Can you give an element in

this set?
Tony is an element
of E
Tony is an element of E can also b
written as Tony Є E
 The symbol Є denotes
that an object is an
element of a set.
Example:
G= {Tony, Jose, Albert, Diego
Tony Є G
}
ACTIVITY #1

(10 pts)
Answer pages 9-10
Letters A and B
Finite or Infinite
Sets
 A set is said to be finite if
and only if, it consists of a
specific number of distinct
elements. Otherwise, it’s
infinite.
Example 1:
Let H be the set of months in
the Gregorian calendar.
H = {January, February... December}

FINITE
Example 2:
Let M = {x|x is even}

INFINITE
Example 3:
Let N be the set of counting
numbers.
N = {x|x is a counting number}

INFINITE
Example 4:
Let O be the set of the stars
in the Solar System.
O = {y|y is a star in the Solar System}

FINITE
Example 5:
Let V = {a,e,i,o,u}

V is FINITE
EQUAL SETS
Two sets are said to
be equal if and only if,
the two sets contain
the same elements. (=)
Are A and B equal sets ?

A={1,2,3,4,5}
B={1,2,3,4,5}
YES!
Are C and D equal sets ?

C={2,4,6,7,5}
D={4,2,5,7,6}
YES!
Are X and Y equal sets ?

X={m,y,e,g,a,b,f}
Y={b,a,m,g,y}
NO!
Are X and Y equal sets ?
X={x|x is even number
from 1-10}
Y={2,4,6,8,10}

YES!
Are A and B equal sets ?
A={x|x is a country in Asia}
B={Japan, Korea, Taiwan,
Philippines, Germany}

NO!
Example 1:
Suppose that
A={x|0 ≤ x ≤ 10 and x is a
counting number} and
B={0,1,2, ... 10}
A=B
Example 2:

A={x|x is a multiple of 2 and x is

a multiple of 3} and
D={x|x is a multiple of 6}

A=D
EMPTY/NULL SETS

A set that contains no

element is called an
empty set. It is denoted
by the symbol Ø or { }.
Is set A an empty
set?
A= { }
YES!
Is set X an empty
set?
X= {1,2,3 }
NO!
Is set X an empty
set?
X= Ø
YES!
Let Y be the set of
months with 32 days.

EMPTY SET
Let T be the set of
triangles with four
sides.

EMPTY SET
Let Z be the set of
integers that are
both odd and even.

EMPTY SET
CARDINALITY OF A SET
-the number of distinct
elements in a set
-denoted by the symbol n(A)
Example:

What is the cardinality of set X?

X= {1,2,3 }

n(X) = 3
How many elements???
1.P = {r,s,t} n(P) = 3
2.C = {months in a calendar}
n(C) = 12
3.D = {Filipino Alphabet}
n(D) = 28
Determine the cardinal number of sets in A and B.
Set A consists all the planets in the solar system.
Set B are multiples of 10 from 11 - 100

n(A) = 8 n(B) = 9
SUBSET
-a set may contain another set in it
and it is called a subset. Set B may
be called a subset of A if, and only
if, all elements of B are in A.
-denoted by ⊆
Example:
A = {1,2,3,4,5 } Is set B a subset of Set A?
Yes, we can write it as B ⊆ A
B = {1,2,3}
C = {2,3,5 }
D = {5} How about, is set E a subset of A?
E = {1,2,3,6 } No, we can write that as E ⊄ A
How many subsets are there in Set A?

A = {1,2,3}

Ø {1} {2} {3} {1,2}

{1,3} {2,3} {1,2,3}

There are 8 subsets in Set A

How many subsets are there In Set B?
B= {2,4,6,8,10}
 
 

Step 1:Determine
the cardinality of
𝑛= 7
the set.
𝑛
Step 2:Plug it 2
in the formula 22
and simplify.
7
¿
×2 ×2 ×2 ×2 ×2 × 2
128𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
How many subsets are there in Set X?

Set X is equal to the number of months in

the calendar.
𝑛= 12
𝑛
2
2 ¿
12

4,096 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
WORKBOOK 1

(10 pts)
Firm Up Letter C
#s 1-5