Mind Realit Soul Power Space Time

Infinity Stones
Group the objects that have the same characteristics.
Introduction to Sets
Sets

- is a well-defined group or collection of

objects. Each object in a set is called a member
or an element of a set.
Let’s Exercise!
Determine whether the given collection is well-defined or
not.

1. Collection of universities in the Philippines

2. Collection of beautiful paintings
3. Collection of Math books.
4. Collection of animals with tails.
5. Collection of high chairs.
Set Notation
•There
  are three ways to describe sets.
1. The Descriptive Method
V = colors in the Philippine Flag
2. The Listing or Roster Method
V = {blue, red, yellow, white}
3. The Set-Builder Notation
V=
Let’s Exercise!
The set of months ending in ‘ber’.

1. Descriptive method

2. Roster method

3. Set-builder notation
Elements of a Set
•   The symbol “ is used to represent something as a part of a
set or group. On contrary, we use the symbol “” to say that
something does not belong to the group.

Example: A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Since 2 is in the set, then it means that which is read as “2
is an element of set A.”
Let’s Exercise!
 Fill in each blank with .
Set A = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25}
Set B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13}

1. 25 _____ A 4. 1 ______ B
2. 1 ______ A 5. 13 _____ B
3. 8 ______ A 6. 9 ______ B
 Cardinality of Sets
It is simply the number of elements in a set.

Example:
W = number of days in a week
n(B) = 7
Let’s Exercise!

State the cardinality of each set.

1. E = set of even numbers less than 10
2. W = number of school days in a week
3. P = perfect squares between 1 and 26
4. N = prime numbers less than 15
5. M = {January, February, March}
Empty or Null Set
•  A set with no elements. It is denoted by the symbol
{ } or

Example:
B = {Angelicans who ride a helicopter to
school everyday}
Finite Sets
- are sets that have a finite number of elements.
Example: A = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, …, 100}

Infinite Sets
- are sets that are infinite or has no ending.
Example: N = {the set of all counting numbers}
Let’s Exercise!

Finite or Infinite.
1. The set of students in your class.
2. The set of whole numbers less than 10.
3. The set of multiples of 3.
4. N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}
5. The set of counting numbers greater than 10.
Universal sets
It is simply the universe, denoted by U, contains all
elements being considered in a given situation.

Example:
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
Examples:

U = the set of all natural numbers

U = the set of all positive even integers

U = the set of all countries in the world that

starts with letter P
Subsets
• Set A is a subset of B, written as “” if and only if
every element of A is also an element of B.

Set A is a proper subset of B, written as “”, if and

only if every element of A is also an element of B and
that B contains at least one element that is not in A.
 U
A This diagram shows that every element
of A is in the universal set.

U
A A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 4}
 
B
This diagram shows that .

A E U A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and E = {5, 6, 7}

This diagram shows that A and E have no
elements in common.
Fun Facts
•  is a subset of every set.
 is a subset of itself, but it is not a proper subset of itself.
The null set can be represented by either { } or , but not {} since
it has one element namely .
If a set contains many elements, three dots called ellipsis are
used to indicate that the list continues in the same manner. The
ellipsis are often read as “dot, dot, dot”.
Let’s Exercise!
Which of the following is a subset of {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}?
1. {3, 5}
2. {7}
3. { }
4. 5
5. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
6. {2, 3}
7. {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11}
Let’s Exercise!

Consider G = {3, 6, 9}. List all its possible subsets.