Monostatic Radar

Chng trnh o to K s Cht lng cao Vit Php
Bi tp ln mn hc
ANTEN V TRUYN SNG
GHVD: Ths Hong Mnh H

Sinh vin
MSSV
on Nht Tn
40902364
Lu Hong Tn
40902371
Lp: VP09VT
34. Designing a Basic Monostatic

Pulse Radar
(m phng dng PAST ca Matlab)
Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng
Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar
CONTENTS
1
Li ta ................................................................................................................................ 3
Thit k cc c tnh k thut .............................................................................................. 3

2.1
Code matlab. ............................................................................................................... 3
Thit k h thng Monostatic Radar................................................................................... 4

3.1
di sng.................................................................................................................. 4
3.2
c tnh nhiu b thu ............................................................................................... 4
3.3
B pht ........................................................................................................................ 4
Bc x v thu sng ............................................................................................................. 7
M phng h thng ............................................................................................................. 7
5.1
Mc tiu....................................................................................................................... 7
5.2
Mi trng lan truyn ................................................................................................. 8
5.3
Tng hp tn hiu ........................................................................................................ 8
Vng pht hin.................................................................................................................... 9

6.1
Ngng ........................................................................................................................ 9
6.2
Matched Filter ........................................................................................................... 10
6.3
Noncoherent Integration ............................................................................................ 12
6.4
Vng pht hin .......................................................................................................... 12
Kt lun............................................................................................................................. 13
Page 2 of 13
1 LI TA
Monostatic radar l mt h thng c my pht t cng my thu. My pht to ra xung p
vo mc tiu v sng di li c thu bi my thu. Thng qua vic o ac v tr cc sng di
li theo thi gian, chng ta c th xc nh v tr ca mc tiu.
Tiu lun ny tp trung vo vic thit k monostatic pulse radar c lng khong ca
mc tiu. Da trn cng c Phase Array System Toolbox (PAST). Cng c ny c sn cc
hm m phng li qu trnh chn la v thit k cc t tnh ca radar, v d nh xc sut
pht hin mc tiu, phn gii, cc thng s khc ca radar nh l cng sut thu v rng
xung pht i. Cng c ny cng gip ta m hnh ha mi trng v nhng mc tiu tng
hp tn hiu thu v.Sau , chng ta s p dng cc k thut x l tn hiu xc nh vng
ca mc tiu.
Hnh trn l mt m hnh n gin ca 1 radar xung, sau y, chng ta s thit k ton b
thng v m phng hot ng ca n.
2 THIT K CC C TNH K THUT

Mc tiu ca vic thit k l to ra h thng radar pht hin cc mc tiu di ng t nht l
1m radar cross section (RCS) khong cch xa nht l 5000 m v phn gii l 50m. Xc
sut pht hin (Pd) c ly l 0.9 v xc sut pht hin sai l 1e-6.Vi b coherent detection
cn thng tin v pha, nn s tnh ton s phc tp hn, v th chng ta ch kho st vi trng
hp noncoherent detection. Ngoi ra, thit k ny c gi s t trong mi trng freespace.
2.1 CODE MATLAB.

pd = 0.9;
pfa = 1e-6;
max_range = 5000;
range_res = 50;
% Probability of detection
% Probability of false alarm
% Maximum unambiguous range
% Required range resolution
Page 3 of 13

tgt_rcs = 1;
% Required target radar cross section
3 THIT K H THNG MONOSTATIC RADAR

Chng ta cn thit k mt vi c tnh ca h thng radar nh dng sng, b thu, b pht v
anten lm anten pht v thu tn hiu.
3.1 DI SNG
Chng ta chn sng vung. Vic chn phn gii s quyt nh bng thng ca sng, y
l rng xung.
Mt thng s quan trng khc l tn s lp li ca xung (Pulse repetition frequency - PRF).
Tn s ny c quyt nh bi tm qut ca radar.
prop_speed = physconst('LightSpeed');
% Propagation speed
pulse_bw = prop_speed/(2*range_res);
% Pulse bandwidth
pulse_width = 1/pulse_bw;
% Pulse width
prf = prop_speed/(2*max_range);
% Pulse repetition frequency
fs = 2*pulse_bw;
% Sampling rate
hwav = phased.RectangularWaveform(...
'PulseWidth',1/pulse_bw,...
'PRF',prf,...
'SampleRate',fs);
Ch rng ta t tn sut ly mu bng hai ln bng thng.
3.2 C TNH NHIU B THU

Chng ta gi s rng nhiu duy nht b thu l nhiu nhit, khng c nhiu no khc. Cng
sut ca nhiu c lin h vi bng thng ca b thu. Bng thng nhiu b thu c cho
bng vi bng thng ca sng pht i. y l trng hp thng thy trn cc h thc t.
Chng ta cng gi s rng b thu c li 20dB v 0dB noise figure.
noise_bw = pulse_bw;
hrx = phased.ReceiverPreamp(...
'Gain',20,...
'NoiseBandwidth',noise_bw,...
'NoiseFigure',0,...
'SampleRate',fs,...
'EnableInputPort',true);
Ch rng chng ta ang m phng monostatic radar, b thu khng c hot ng cho n
khi no b pht tt. V th, chng ta t thng s EnableInputPort bng true, v th tn hiu
ng b c th i t b pht sang b thu
3.3 B PHT
Thng s cn bn n nht l cng sut nh ca b pht. Yu cu v cng sut nh c lnh
quan n nhiu h s bao gm vng pht hin, t l SNR yu cu ti b thu v rng ca
sng pht i. Trong cc h s ny, t l SNR c xc nh bi Pd v Pfa mong mun.
Page 4 of 13
Mi lin h gia Pd, Pfa v SNR c th hin tt nht thng qua ng cong receiver
operating characteristics (ROC). Chng ta c th to ra ng cong ny vi Pd l hm ca
Pfa vi nhiu gi tr SNR khc nhau theo cc hm sau trong Matlab
snr_db = [-inf, 0, 3, 10, 13];
rocsnr(snr_db,'SignalType','NonfluctuatingNoncoherent');
ng cong ROC cho thy tha mn Pfa = 1e-6 v Pd = 0.9, SNR phi ln hn 13dB.
y l mt gi tr yu cu cao v khng thc t lm. lm cho h thng radar gn thc t
hn, ta dng k thut pulse integration gim SNR. Chng ta chn s xung l 10, ng
cong c v li nh sau
num_pulse_int = 10;
rocsnr([0 3 5],'SignalType','NonfluctuatingNoncoherent',...
'NumPulses',num_pulse_int);
Page 5 of 13
Chng ta c th thy rng cng sut yu cu gim xung mc 5dB. Chugns ta c th

gim SNR hn na bng cch tng s xung, tuy nhin, s lng xung cho php thng b
gii hn bi s chuyn ng ca mc tiu hay s khng ng nht ca mi trng.
Phng php tip cn trn xc nh t l SNR da vo th, nhng thng c dng ch
tnh gi tr yu cu. Trong m hnh tch sng noncoherent, vic tnh ton SNR thoe l
thuyt thng phc tp. May mn thay, chng ta c gi tr gn ng da vo phng trnh
Albersheim. S dng phng trnh Albersheim, t l SNR c xc nh nh sau
snr_min = albersheim(pd, pfa, num_pulse_int)
snr_min = 4.9904
Mt khi xc nh c t l SNR, cng sut nh ti my pht c tnh da theo phng

trnh ca radar. Chng ta gi s rng my pht c li 20dB.
tnh cng sut nh da vo phng trnh ca radar, chng ta cn bit chiu di ca tn
hiu lan truyn, iu ny lin quan n tn s hot ng ca h thng. y chng ta t tn
s hot ng ca h thng l 10 Ghz.
tx_gain = 20;
fc = 10e9;
lambda = prop_speed/fc;
peak_power = radareqpow(lambda,max_range,snr_min,pulse_width,...
'RCS',tgt_rcs,'Gain',tx_gain)
peak_power =
5.2265e+03
Ch l cng sut tnh ra c l 5kW, iu ny rt l hp l. Nu l mt php so snh, khi

khng dng k thut xung, cng sut nh cn thit l 33kW, mt s rt ln.
Page 6 of 13
Vi cc thng tin c, chng ta cu hnh cho b pht.

htx = phased.Transmitter(...
'Gain',tx_gain,...
'PeakPower',peak_power,...
'InUseOutputPort',true)
Ta nhc li ln na, khi t InUseOutputPort bng true,
tn hiu my pht c th i vo my thu.
4 BC X V THU SNG
Trong h thng radar, s lan truyn tn hiu di dng sng in t. V vy, tn hiu cn c
bc x v thu bi anten trong h thng.
Trong h thng mononostatic radar, b pht v thu sng s dung cng 1 anten, chng ta s i
nh ngha anten. n gin ha vic thit k, chng ta chn anten ng hng. Ch l
anten ny phi hot ng c tn s 10Ghz, v vy chng ta t tm tn s hot ng ca
aten trong khong 5-15 GHz.
Ta gi s anten l c nh
hant = phased.IsotropicAntennaElement(...
'FrequencyRange',[5e9 15e9]);
hantplatform = phased.Platform(...
'InitialPosition',[0; 0; 0],...
'Velocity',[0; 0; 0]);
Vi anten thit k, chng ta nh ngha c 2 b bc x v thu tn hiu
hradiator = phased.Radiator(...
'Sensor',hant,...
'OperatingFrequency',fc);
hcollector = phased.Collector(...
'Sensor',hant,...
Chng ta hon thnh xong vic thit k h thng radar. Trong phn tip thoe, chng ta s
khai bo mt s cc thc th khc, nh mc tiu v mi trng cn thit cho vic m phng.
Sau , chng ta s m phng tn hiu v xem xt vng pht hin t tn hiu .
5 M PHNG H THNG
5.1
MC TIU
kim tra kh nng pht hin mc tiu ca radar, chng ta cn nh ngha mc tiu trc.
Chng ta gi s c 3 mc tiu c nh, dao ng trong khng gian.V tr ca chng c cho
nh sau
htarget{1} = phased.RadarTarget(...
'MeanRCS',1.6,...
htargetplatform{1} = phased.Platform(...
'InitialPosition',[2000.66; 0; 0]);
'MeanRCS',2.2,...
Page 7 of 13
'MeanRCS',1.05,...
5.2 MI TRNG LAN TRUYN

m phng, chng ta cn nh ngha mi trng gia radar v mi mc tiu.
htargetchannel{1} = phased.FreeSpace(...
'SampleRate',fs,...
'TwoWayPropagation',true,...
'SampleRate',fs,...
'SampleRate',fs,...
V chng ta s ng mononostatic radar, knh truyn c thit t lan truyn c tr theo c 2

chiu
5.3 TNG HP TN HIU

Chng ta c th m phng ton b h thng
Tn hiu tng hp l mt ma trn d liu vi thi gian thay i nhanh (thi gian ca mi
xung) theo ct v thay i chm hn theo hang (thi gian gia cc xung). m hnh ha tn
hiu, vic nh ngha c 2 li thi gian nhanh v chm l hu dng
fast_time_grid = unigrid(0,1/fs,1/prf,'[)');
slow_time_grid = (0:num_pulse_int-1)/prf;
Vng lp tip theo m phng 10 xung ca tn hiu thu

Chng ta t ngun nhiu ti my thu
hrx.SeedSource = 'Property';
hrx.Seed = 2007;
rx_pulses = zeros(numel(fast_time_grid),num_pulse_int); % pre-allocate
for m = 1:num_pulse_int
ant_pos = step(hantplatform,1/prf);
% Update antenna position
x = step(hwav);
% Generate pulse
[s, tx_status] = step(htx,x);
% Transmit pulse
for n = 3:-1:1
% For each target
tgt_pos(:,n) = step(...
htargetplatform{n},1/prf);
% Update target position
[tgt_rng(n), tgt_ang(:,n)] = rangeangle(...
tgt_pos(:,n), ant_pos);
% Calculate range/angle
tsig(:,n) = step(hradiator,...
% Radiate toward target
s,tgt_ang(:,n));
tsig(:,n) = step(htargetchannel{n},...
tsig(:,n),ant_pos,tgt_pos(:,n));
% Propagate pulse
rsig(:,n) = step(htarget{n},tsig(:,n));
% Reflect off target
end
Page 8 of 13

rsig = step(hcollector,rsig,tgt_ang);
rx_pulses(:,m) = step(hrx,...
rsig,~(tx_status>0));

% Collect all echoes
% Receive signal and form
% data matrix
end
6 VNG PHT HIN

6.1 NGNG
u d s so snh cng sut tn hiu thu c vi 1 ngng cho trc. Trong p dng cho
radar, ngng c xacsc nh sao cho cao hn Pfa 1 khong cn thit. Trong trng hp
ny, chng ta gi s nhieux l nhiu Gauss v b tch sng l noncoherent. V chng ta dng
10 xung, mc cng sut ngng c cho bi
npower = noisepow(noise_bw,hrx.NoiseFigure,hrx.ReferenceTemperature);
threshold = npower * db2pow(npwgnthresh(pfa,num_pulse_int,'noncoherent'));
We plot the first two received pulses with the threshold
num_pulse_plot = 2;
rangedemoplotpulse(rx_pulses,threshold,...
fast_time_grid,slow_time_grid,num_pulse_plot);
Ngng y ch nhm vo mc ch hin th. Ch rng mc tiu th 2 v 3 th c tn hiu

phn x li yu hn mc tiu th nht bi v chng xa hn. V th, cng sut tn hiu thu
c v ngng th khng ging nhau cho cc mc tiu, ph thuc vo v tr khc nhau ca
chng.
Page 9 of 13
6.2 MATCHED FILTER

Matched filter cung cp mt qu trnh x l nng cao ngng pht hin. N o ngc tn
hiu trong min thi gian, lm tr, v sao chp kt hp vi tn hiu truyn i. V vy,
chng ta phi ch r tn hiu truyn i khi thit k Matched filter. Xung thu c u tin qua
mt Matched filter tng SNR trc khi pulse integration, xc nh ngng,
matchingcoeff = getMatchedFilter(hwav);
hmf = phased.MatchedFilter(...
'Coefficients',matchingcoeff,...
'GainOutputPort',true);
[rx_pulses, mfgain] = step(hmf,rx_pulses);
matched filter thc cht l qu trnh to tr, v vy v tr ca nh (cc i ca SNR thu c)

khng cn trng vi v tr thc ca mc tiu. b p cho s tr ny, chng ta dch tn hiu
u ra ca matched filter i ti v thm vo cc gi tr 0 cui. Trong thc t, v d liu thu
c l lin tc nn tht s khng c cc gi tr cui cng.
matchingdelay = size(matchingcoeff,1)-1;
rx_pulses = buffer(rx_pulses(matchingdelay+1:end),size(rx_pulses,1));
The threshold is then increased by the matched filter processing gain.
threshold = threshold * db2pow(mfgain);

th sau y th hin hai xung nh nhau sau khi chng i qua matched filter
Sau khi qua tng matched filter, SNR c ci thin. Tuy nhin, v tn hiu thu v ph thuc
vo khong cch. Mc tiu gn phn x tn hiu mnh hn so vi mc tiu xa. V vy,
nh th trn, nhiu ca mc tiu gn c th vt qu ngng v che chn mt mc tiu
xa. bo m ngng l nh nhau i vi tt c cc mc tiu trong vng pht hin, chng
Page 10 of 13
ta s dng mt li thay i theo thi gian b p cho vic mt mt do khong cch trn
tn hiu thu.
b p cho vic mt mt v khong cch, u tin chng ta cn tnh ton vng che chn
tng ng vi mi mu tn hiu v tn ton s mt mt tng ng vi mi vng . Khi
thu thp c thng tin, chng ta s p dng cc li thi gian khc nhau cho cc tn hiu
thu v v tr v cng kt qu nu nh trong cng 1 vng tham chiu (vng pht hin ti a)
range_gates = prop_speed*fast_time_grid/2;
htvg = phased.TimeVaryingGain(...
'RangeLoss',2*fspl(range_gates,lambda),...
'ReferenceLoss',2*fspl(max_range,lambda));
rx_pulses = step(htvg,rx_pulses);
Ta v th ca 2 xung nh nhau sau khi chun ha v khong cch.

Vic lm li thay i theo thi gian lm tng mc noise floor, Tuy nhin, by gi tn hiu
phn hi t mc tiu khng cn ph thuc theo khong cch. Mt ngng c nh c th p
dng cho ton b vng pht hin.
Ti tng ny, ngng ln hn mc cng sut ln nht trong mi xung. V vy, cha c pht
hin c g ti tng ny. Chng ta cn cng dn cc xung m bo cng sut ca cc tn
hiu phn x v t mc tiu c th vt qua c ngng trong khi vn gi noise floor di
1 mc no .
Page 11 of 13
6.3 NONCOHERENT INTEGRATION

Chng ta c th ci thin SNR hn na thng qua vic dng noncoherently integrating (video
integration) cho cc xung thu c.
rx_pulses = pulsint(rx_pulses,'noncoherent');
fast_time_grid,slow_time_grid,1);
Sau tng video intergration, d liu sn sng cho vic xc nh cui cng. Chng ta c th
nhn thy trong hnh rng c ba sng phn hi t mc tiu u vt ngng, v chng u
c pht hin.
6.4 VNG PHT HIN

Cui cng, ngng pht hin c ci thin nh vo vic cng dn cc xung. Radar s xc
nh cc nh v chuyn v tr ca chng thnh v tr ca cc mc tiu.
[~,range_detect] = findpeaks(rx_pulses,'MinPeakHeight',sqrt(threshold));
The true ranges and the detected ranges of the targets are shown below:
true_range = round(tgt_rng)
range_estimates = round(range_gates(range_detect))
true_range =
2001
3533
3845
range_estimates =
2025
3550
3850
Ch l vng c lng c chnh xc cao nht bng phn gii ca h thng radar
(50m).
Page 12 of 13
7 KT LUN
Chng ta thit k mt h thng radar vi cc tiu ch cht lng cho trc. T nhng tiu
ch ny, nhiu thng s ca h thng c tnh ton. Chng ta cng s dng h thng
radar va thit k p dng vo vic pht hin mc tiu. Trong cc v d trn, chng ta s
dng dng xung vung. Ngoi ra, chng ta c th s dng cc dng xung khc, v hin nhin,
hiu qu ca chng l khc nhau.
8 TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Phased Array System Toolbox - Designing a Basic Monostatic Pulse Radar
http://www.mathworks.com/products/phasedarray/examples.html?file=/products/demos/shipping/phased/basicmonostaticradardemo.html
[2] Combat system Engineering - Radar
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/swos/cmd/fun12/12-1/sld018.htm
[3] Distance scale
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast123/lectures/lec13.html
[4] Reconfigurable Virtual Instrumentation Design for Radar using Object-Oriented
Techniques and Open-Source Tools
http://www.intechopen.com/books/radar-technology/reconfigurable-virtual-instrumentationdesign-for-radar-using-object-oriented-techniques-and-open-so
Page 13 of 13

Monostatic Radar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Monostatic Radar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chng trnh o to K s Cht lng cao Vit Php

GHVD: Ths Hong Mnh H

34. Designing a Basic Monostatic

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

Thit k cc c tnh k thut .............................................................................................. 3

Code matlab. ............................................................................................................... 3

Thit k h thng Monostatic Radar................................................................................... 4

c tnh nhiu b thu ............................................................................................... 4

Bc x v thu sng ............................................................................................................. 7

M phng h thng ............................................................................................................. 7

Mi trng lan truyn ................................................................................................. 8

Tng hp tn hiu ........................................................................................................ 8

Vng pht hin.................................................................................................................... 9

Matched Filter ........................................................................................................... 10

Noncoherent Integration ............................................................................................ 12

Vng pht hin .......................................................................................................... 12

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

2 THIT K CC C TNH K THUT

2.1 CODE MATLAB.

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

% Required target radar cross section

3 THIT K H THNG MONOSTATIC RADAR

Ch rng ta t tn sut ly mu bng hai ln bng thng.

3.2 C TNH NHIU B THU

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

Chng ta c th thy rng cng sut yu cu gim xung mc 5dB. Chugns ta c th

Mt khi xc nh c t l SNR, cng sut nh ti my pht c tnh da theo phng

Ch l cng sut tnh ra c l 5kW, iu ny rt l hp l. Nu l mt php so snh, khi

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

Vi cc thng tin c, chng ta cu hnh cho b pht.

tn hiu my pht c th i vo my thu.

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

5.2 MI TRNG LAN TRUYN

V chng ta s ng mononostatic radar, knh truyn c thit t lan truyn c tr theo c 2

5.3 TNG HP TN HIU

Vng lp tip theo m phng 10 xung ca tn hiu thu

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

6 VNG PHT HIN

Ngng y ch nhm vo mc ch hin th. Ch rng mc tiu th 2 v 3 th c tn hiu

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

6.2 MATCHED FILTER

matched filter thc cht l qu trnh to tr, v vy v tr ca nh (cc i ca SNR thu c)

threshold = threshold * db2pow(mfgain);

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

Ta v th ca 2 xung nh nhau sau khi chun ha v khong cch.

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

6.3 NONCOHERENT INTEGRATION

6.4 VNG PHT HIN

Bi tp ln Anten v Truyn sng

Design a basic Monostatic Pulse radar

8 TI LIU THAM KHO