Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Giao Trinh Tien Phay CNC
Giao Trinh Tien Phay CNC
Gio trnh Gia cng trn my tin CNC nm trong s gio trnh vit theo ch
trng ca Trng Cao ng Ngh, nhm xy dng mt b gio trnh thng nht dng
cho h cao ng v trung cp ngh trong nh trng.
C s bin son gio trnh l chng trnh khung o to h cao ng v trung cp
ngh ct gt kim loi c B LTB&XH ban hnh nm 2008.
Ni dung gio trnh c xy dng trn c s k tha nhng ni dung ang c
ging dy ti trng, kt hp vi nh hng mi cho cng nhn k thut trong thi k
cng nghip ha v hin i ha t nc. Gio trnh cng xy dng theo hng lin
thng vi cc chng trnh cao ng ngh, i hc nhm to iu kin v c s cho
ngi hc c th hc nng cao sau ny. cng gio trnh c s tham gia ng
gp kin ca cc chuyn gia ang ging dy ti cc trng i hc, cao ng ngh cng
nh ca cc doanh nghip ti hi ng thng qua chng trnh khung cho ngnh o to
ct gt kim loi ti trng.
Trong cun gio trnh ny ti vit nhm phc v dnh ring cho h trung cp v cao
ng ngh o to ngnh ct gt kim loi, tp trung vo gia cng trn my tin CNC nh:
cu to nguyn l lm vic, ngn ng lp trnh v cc hnh thc lp trnh, k nng vn
hnh my tin CNC.
Gio trnh do gio vin ging dy nhiu nm ca b mn c k thut trong nh
trng bin son. Qu trnh bin son gio trnh nhn s s ng gp kin chn
thnh ca tiu ban ct gt kim loi v cc gio vin c kh lin quan trong nh trng.
Tuy nhin tc gi c nhiu c gng, nhng ln u tin bin son gio trnh khng
trnh khi nhng khim khuyt nht nh. Tc gi rt mong nhn c s ng gp
kin ca mi ngi hon thin gio trnh hn na.
Xin chn thnh cm n./.
TC GI
C IM
CAD / CAM
CAD
F MS
CNC
NC
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
+ In bn v t ng
+ My lp rp
+ My un ng
+ My ct gi
+ My ct bng Plasme
+ Cc cng ngh Laser
+ My an t ng (thu)
+ My ct qun o
+ My tn nh t ng
+ My buc dy
3. Tnh hnh trang b ng dng k thut CNC nc ta hin nay
Hin nay cha c mt ti liu hay mt cuc kho st, thng k no y v chnh xc
trnh by tnh hnh trang b ng dng k thut CNC nc ta hin nay.
Bng thng k di y l ca tc gi su tm c mt s my CNC c s dng
trong cc c s sn xut, trng hc ca nc ta. Trong qu trnh ging dy gio vin
phi cp nht thng tin v tm nhng ti liu v nhng knh thng tin khc nhau ni
dung bi thm phong ph v chnh xc.
TT Tn thit b
Nc SX
Phn mm iu Ngn ng
Kh nng
khin
lp
iu khin
trnh
1
My phay cnc
CNC-432CHLB c
Ngn ng G
3 trc
MH600W
MAHO
2
My phay cnc
i thoi
DMU60T
TNC-421trc tip
CHLB c
3 trc
HEIDENHAIN
bng biu
tng
3
My phay cnc
i thoi
FCV63CNC
CH ScTNC-421trc tip
2 trc
CHLB c HEIDENHAIN
bng biu
tng
4
My phay cnc
i loan
FANUC
Ngn ng G
3 trc
VMC-995
5
My phay cnc
i loan
FANUC
Ngn ng G 4 TRC
VMC-650
6
My phay cnc
o
FANUC
Ngn ng G
3 trc
EXCEL PMC-5T
7
My tin cnc
o
FANUC
Ngn ng G
2 trc
Emcoturn 345 II
8
My tin cnc S15i loan
FANUC
Ngn ng G
2 trc
topturn
9
My tin cnc
SINUMERIKVit namT20CNC
810TNgn ng G
5 trc
CHLB c
SIEMENS
10 My EDM xung
nh hnh
Anh
HURCO-900
11
12
13
14
HURCO-250
My EDM ct dy
HITACHI-2Q
My o 3 chiu
brown and sharpe
My ct plasma
P2580CNC
My t, dp,
xoay t dng cnc
PEGA-357
Nht
FANUC
Ngn ng G
5 trc
M
Vit nam
Nht
AMADA
Cu hi kim tra
Cu 1: hy k tn mt s mc lch s quan trng qu trnh pht trin my cng c CNC
trn th gii?
Cu 2: hy lit k mt s lnh vc v cc thit b CNC m chng ta thu nhn c thng
tin qua bi hc, tp ch, truyn hnh, qung co..?
Bi 2
CC H THNG IU KHIN V DNG IU KHIN CA MY CNC
1. Cc dng iu khin
1.1. iu khin im im
iu khin im im dng cho nhng nhim v nh v n gin, mc ch chnh l
cn t c cc kch thc a,b,c,d,e,f phi chnh xc, cn qu o chy dao nhanh hay
chm ca bn my u khng c ngha quyt nh.( hnh 2.1 )
iu khin im im ng dng gia cng cc l bng cc phng php khoan,
khot, doa v ct ren l.
Trn my phay dng c ct chuyn ng song song vi trc Y hoc song song vi trc X
hon thnh vic thc hin lnh th nht my bt u thc hin lnh th hai ly t b nh
ra. Trong khi thc hin lnh th hai, h iu khin thc hin lnh th ba c a vo
ch b nh m lnh th hai va c gii phng ra.
hoc tng lnh, bng tay t bn iu khin. cc lnh iu khin khng ch vit cho tng
chuyn ng ring l m cho nhiu chuyn ng cng mt lc. iu khin ny cho php
gim s chng trnh v nh vy c th nng cao tin cy lm vic ca my. H iu
khin CNC c kch thc nh hn v gi thnh thp hn h iu khin NC nhng li c
cc c tnh mi m cc h iu khin trc khng c. V d: nhiu h iu khin ny
c kh nng hiu chnh nhng sai s c nh ca my- nhng nguyn nhn gy ra sai s
gia cng.
2.3. H iu khin DNC ( Direct numerial control )
c im ca h iu khin DNC nh hnh 2.6
MY TNH
TRUNG TM
CNC
MY CNC 1
CNC
CNC
MY CNC 2
MY CNC ...
CNC
MY CNC n
Bi 3
CU TO CHUNG CA MY TIN CNC V CNG TC BO QUN, BO
DNG MY
1. Cu to chung ca my tin CNC
My tin CNC c cu to tng t nh my tin thng thng. i vi my tin thng
thng khi gia cng ct gt chi tit thng iu khin phi theo di v tr dao ct, thao tc
kp thi ch to ra nhng chi tit t yu cu k thut.
chnh xc, nng sut ph thuc vo trnh tay ngh ngi iu khin.
My CNC hot ng theo mt chng trnh c lp trnh theo mt quy tc cht ch
ph hp vi quy trnh cng ngh c son tho v ci t phn mm trong my.
Kt qu lm vic ca my CNC khng ph thuc vo tay ngh ca ngi iu khin. lc
ny ngi iu khin my ch yu ng vai tr theo di v kim tra cc chc nng hot
ng ca my.
Hnh dng kt cu ca my tin CNC cng tng t my tin thng thng, ngoi ra my
tin CNC cn c mt s c im ring sau
Trong c hai trng hp chui ca dao thng c kp trong khi mang dao ti nhng
v tr xc nh trn bn xe dao. Cc khi mang dao ph hp vi cc g dao trn my
tin v c tiu chun ha.
Cc kt cu ca u r vn ve ty thuc vo cng dng v yu cu cng ngh ca tng
loi my. Bao gm cc u ro7vonve ( kiu ch thp, kiu a hnh trng ). Ph bin u
r vn ve ca cc loi my tin CNC c kt cu nh hnh 3.3.
Dng hn trc chnh trc khi hiu chnh phi, g hay vi lm mt ang lm
vic.
Dng hn trc chnh trc khi o t kch thc trn phi.
Tt ngun trc khi hiu chnh hay thay i cc chi tit trn my.
Ch v tr cc phm chc nng khi my dang hot ng hoc dang g lp phi ,
dao.
Khng c khi ng my khi li ct ang chm vo phi.
m bo vng lm vic nh sng.
Vng lm vic sch s v kh ro. Dn dp phoi, du v cc vt tr ngi khc.
Khng c da vo my khi my ang hot ng.
Khng my hot ng m khng c s quan st.
Dnh v v kp cht phi chc chn.
S dng tc v lng chy dao ng vi tng nguyn cng nu c nhng ting
n v rung ng khc thng.
Kim tra dao v g trc khi gia cng.
Ct gi cc vt liu v cht lng d chy ra khi vng lm vic v phoi nng.
Khng s dung my trong mi trng d n.
Kim tra t c cc ch ni trc khi lp t vn hnh hay sa cha my. in p
cung cp ph hp vi in p yu cu ca my.
Ngt tt c cc ngun in vo my trc khi lp t hay sa cha my. Ngt tt c
cc ngun in trc khi m hp in hay hp iu khin. ch nhng ngi c
chuyn mn mi c sa cha my.
Khi khng s dng tt ngun tng ca my.
Bi 4
C IM, C TRNG CA MY TIN CNC
1. H trc to v cc qui c
Cc trc ta ca my CNC cho php xc nh chiu chuyn ng ca cc c cu my
v dng c ct. Chiu dng ca cc trc X, Y, Z c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay
phi ( ngn tay ci ch chiu dng ca trc X, ngn tay gia ch chiu dng ca trc
Z, ngn tay tr ch chiu dng ca trc Y ).
Bi 5
TRANG B G TRN MY TIN CNC
1. c im ca g s dng trn my tin CNC.
My CNC c chnh xc gia cng rt cao ( m ), do g c nh hng rt ln n
sai s chun khi nh v chi tit trong thnh phn sai s tng cng. g trn my CNC
phi m bo chnh xac g t cao hn cc g trn my vn nng thng thng.
m bo chnh xc g t th phi chn chun sao cho sai s chun bng khng, sai s
kp cht phi c gi tr l nh nht, im t ca lc kp phi trnh gy bin dng cho chi
tit gia cng.
Cc my CNC c cng vng rt cao, do g trn cc my khng c lm
gim cng vng ca h thng cng ngh khi s dng my vi cng sut ti a. iu
c ngha l g trn my CNC phi c cng vng cao hn cc g thng
thng khc. V vy g trn my CNC phi c ch to t thp hp kim vi phng
php ti b mt.
Khi gia cng trn my CNC, cc dch chuyn ca my v dao c bt u t gc ta ,
do trong nhiu trng hp g phi m bo s nh hng hon ton ca chi tit
gia cng, c ngha l phi hn ch tt c cc bc t do. iu c ngha l phi hn ch
tt c cc bc t do khi nh v g trn my ( phi nh hng g theo c hai
phng dc v ngang ca bn my ).
Trn cc my CNC ngi ta c gng gia cng c nhiu b mt chi tit vi mt ln g
t, do cc c cu nh v v kp cht ca g khng c nh hng n dng c
ct khi chuyn b mt gia cng, phng php kp cht c hiu qu nht l kp b mt
i din vi b mt nh v.
2./ Cc loi g
2.1. g vn nng khng iu chnh
Loi g ny c cc chi tit c iu chnh c nh g nhiu loi chi tit gia
cng khc nhau trong sn xut n chic v lot nh. l cc loi mm cp truyn
mo mem xon cho chi tit gia cng. C ba loi mm cp thng c dng trn my tin
CNC ( ngoi mm cp 3 v 4 chu thng dng ).
g lp ghp iu chnh
3./ Cch g v iu chnh vu kp trn my
Cc vu kp ca my CNC c iu khin bng h thng thy lc, cho nn ty thuc
vo ng knh chi tit gia cng chng ta iu chnh hnh trnh ca cc vu trn mm
cp.
BI 6
NGN NG LP TRNH V CC HNH THC T CHC LP TRNH
1. Ngn ng lp trnh
Hin nay hu ht tt c my tin NC, CNC u s dng ngn ng lp trnh theo tiu
chun quc t ISO.
l m G, k hiu chc nng dch chuyn ca dng c ct, xc nh ch lm vic
ca my CNC v c vit tt ca hai t ting anh: Geometric function.
H iu khin ca my tin CNC TOPTURN S15 l FANUC Oi u s dng m M-code
v G-code.
Cc chc nng m G c thng k theo bng 6.1.
Bng 6.1. Cc chc nng ca m G
M tiu chun
Chc nng
G00
Chy dao nhanh ( khng n dao )
G01
Ni suy ng thng
G02
Ni suy ng trn theo chiu kim ng h
G03
Ni suy ng trn theo ngc chiu kim ng h
G04
Dng dao vi thi gian xc nh
G07.1(G107) Ni suy hnh tr
G10
Lp trnh d liu u vo ( thit lp thng s )
G11
Xa ch lp trnh d liu u vo ( data sitting )
G12.1(G112) Ch ni suy ta cc
G13.1(G113) Xa ch ni suy theo ta cc
G18
Xc nh mt phng XZ
G20
H n v tnh theo inch
G21
H n v tnh theo mt
G22
Kim tra hnh trnh lu ON
G23
Kim tra hnh trnh lu ON
G27
Kim tra li im tham chiu
G28
Tr li im tham chiu
G30
V tr tr li tham chiu ( gi im tham chiu th 2, 3, 4 )
G31
B qua chc nng
G32
Ct ren- tin lin tc
G34
Ct ren theo bin dn
G40
Hy b hiu chnh bn knh dao
G41
Hiu chnh bn knh dao bn tri so vi ng bin dng
G42
Hiu chnh bn knh dao bn tri so vi ng bin dng
G50
Khai bo gi tr trc chnh ti a
G50.3
Thit lp li h thng phi nh sn
G52
Xc lp h ta cc b
G53
Xc lp h ta my
G54
im 0 th nht ca phi
G55
im 0 th hai ca phi
G56
im 0 th ba ca phi
G57
im 0 th t ca phi
G58
im 0 th nm ca phi
G59
G65
G66
G67
G70
G71
G72
G73
G74
G75
G76
G80
G83
G84
G86
G87
G88
G89
G90
G92
G94
G96
G97
G98
G99
im 0 th su ca phi
Gi macro ring
Gi ch macro ring
Xa b ch macro ring
Chu trnh gia cng tinh
Chu trnh gia cng th theo ng bao
Chu trnh gia cng th theo mt
Chu trnh gia cng th theo bin dng c sn
Chu trnh gia cng khoan nhiu ln/ rnh theo mt ( mt u )
Chu trnh gia cng rnh theo bn knh ( ct rnh theo mt lng )
Chu trnh ct ren
Hy b chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh khoan
Chu trnh ta r
Chu trnh doa
Chu trnh khoan bn
Chu trnh ta r bn
Chu trnh doa bn
Chu trnh ct gt thng ( kiu nhm A )
Chu trnh ct ren ( ch dng ct ren cn )
Chu k ct B ( mt cui )
Ch tc ct khng i ( n nh vn tc ct ca dao ) V
n nh tc ca trc chnh(n), nhp v/p trc tip hay xa b
ch G96
Lng n dao pht
Lng n dao theo vng
BI 7
CU TRC CHNG TRNH GIA CNG TRN MY TIN CNC
1. Cu trc mt chng trnh gia cng
Chng trnh NC ( Numerical control ) l tp hp ton b cc lnh cn thit gia cng
mt chi tit trn my cng c CNC. Cu trc mt chng trnh NC c tiu chun
ha.
Ty thuc vo nh sn xut h iu khin, cc k hiu chng trnh c th l cc ch s
hay cc ch ci. Cu trc chng trnh gia cng trn my NC bao gi cng c ba phn:
+ u chng trnh: bao gm cc lnh nh: tn chng trnh, khai bo im bt u ca
dng c ct, chn dng c ct, chn tc ca trc chnh, dung dch trn ngui.
+ Thn chng trnh: bao gm mt tp hp lnh v thng tin kch thc phi v cc ch
gia cng.
+ cui chng trnh: gm cc lnh tr v im gc chng trnh, tt dung dch lm mt,
dng trc chnh, dng chng trnh....
H iu hnh fanuc c cu trc mt chng trnh c th nh sau:
Tieu e
au bang
Vung chng
trnh
+ Trong mt chng trnh chnh c th gi chng trnh con nhiu ln, v chng trnh
con c th gi chng trnh chu nhiu ln.
+ S th h ti a c th lng nhau l 4. S ln gi ti a mt chng trnh con l 999
Nu mun sau khi thc hin chng trnh con, bn khng tr v ni gi m di chuyn
ti mt dng chng trnh khc, bn phi ch ra dng chng trnh cn n sau M99P_;
Cu trc mt t lnh
Th d
a ch
S
N75
N
75
G01
G
01
Z-10.75
Z
-10.75
Mt cu lnh chng trnh c cu to t cc ch s v cc ch ci.
Ch s: gm cc s t 0 n 9
Ch ci: gm 26 ch ci t A n Z.
Mu cu lnh:
N.....
G..... X..... Y..... Z..... I..... J..... K....
F..... S..... T..... M....
S cu lnh
Thng tin hnh hc
Thng tin cng ngh
( thng tin dch chuyn )
( thng tin vn hnh )
Trong :
N s th t cu lnh.
G l m iu khin.
X, Y, Z ta theo cc trc.
I, J, K ta tm cung trn theo cc trc X, Y, Z.
F lng chy dao.
S tc ct.
T dng c ct.
M chc nng ph.
+ S TH T CU LNH
S th t cu lnh bao gm mt ch ci N ( number ) v mt s t nhin ng sau n. S
th t cu lnh gip ta tm d dng cc cu lnh trong b nh ca h iu khin, hay
trong trng hp cn s dng cc lnh lp, chu trnh.
+ THNG TIN DCH CHUYN
Bao gm m iu khin G, km theo cc con s ch kiu dch chuyn.
V d: G00
dch chuyn dao nhanh
G00
dch chuyn dao theo ng thng.
G02
dch chuyn dao theo cung trn cng chiu kim ng h
Cc gi tr ta X,Z km theo cc con s ch v tr cn dch chuyn dn ca dng c ct.
+ THNG TIN VN HNH
Bao gm lnh v lng dch chuyn dao F ( lng chy dao ), km theo ch s gi tr dch
chuyn.
V d:
T0202 l dao s 2 v v tr b nh s 2
Lnh cho trc chnh quay M, km theo ch s chiu quay.
V d: M04 lm cho trc chnh quay ngc chiu kim ng h, lnh m dung dch lm
mt M08.
Lnh M cn gi l cc chc nng ph.
Cc a ch trong h Fanuc
Phm vi gi tr cc a ch
BI 8
CC LNH IU KHIN DCH CHUYN C BN
1. T lnh dch chuyn dao nhanh khng ct gt: G00
Vi loi iu khin ny, dch chuyn nhanh dng c ct t im hin ti ca n n im
tip theo c lp trnh vi mt tc ti a ( chy dao nhanh khng ct ).
H iu khin s cho my chy tng trc mt n tng im cho trong cu lnh. Dng
iu khin ny ch yu dch chuyn dao nhanh.
C php:
G00 X(U)..
Z(W)..
Gi tr dch chuyn theo trc Z
Gi tr dch chuyn theo trc X hay ta im ch tnh theo phng X c
ly theo gi tr ng knh
Lnh v tr
Ch : i vi my tin CNC, khi s dng G00 th dao lun dch chuyn theo phng
hp vi trc Z mt gc 600 .
X, Y dng ta tuyt i; U,W dng cho ta tng i
Th d: di chuyn nhanh d c ti im X40.0 Z56.0, bn vit: G00 X40.0 Z56.0;
hoc G00 U-60.0 W-30.5; ( lp trnh theo ng knh).G00 X20.0 Z56.0; hoc G00 U30.0 W-30.5; (lp trnh theo bn knh).
2. T lnh dch chuyn dao ct gt theo ng thng (ni suy ng thng ): G01
C php:
G01 X(U)..
Z(W)..
F..( gi tr lng chy dao )
Ta im ch theo trc Z
Ta im ch theo trc X
Ni suy ng thng
V d: N03 G01 X100 Z50 F0.15
Dng lnh ny c th t trong chng trnh l 3, ct theo ng thng theo ta x =
100, Z = 50, v lng chy dao l 0.15 mm/ vng
V d 2 : lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct ( hnh 8.1 ), dao bt u t im 0 v kt thc
ti 0.
Th du
G95 G01 X40.0 Z20.1 F2.0
G95 G01 U20.0 W-25.9 F2.0
3. T lnh dch chuyn dao ct gt theo ng trn (ni suy cung trn): G02, G03
Vi dng iu khin ny, dao ct s dch chuyn theo cung trn, t im hin ti cho ti
im ch vi lng chy dao c xc nh.
C php:
G02( 03) X.. Z.. R. F hoc G02( 03) X.. Z.. I. K. F.
Trong :
+ G02( 03): ni suy ng trn
+ X,Z l ta im cui ca cung trn.
+ R l bn knh ca cung trn.
+ F l gi tr lng chy dao
+ I l khong cch t im bt u cung trn n tm cung trn theo trc X
+ K l khong cch t im bt u cung trn n tm cung trn theo trc Z
(A)
X
30
40
58
Z
-34
-39
-39
30
-4
Chng trnh:
N2005
N1 G21----Lp trnh kch thc tnh theo millimet
N3 G54 X0 Z0----Ta Zero offset ca phi
T01D1 S1000 F0.07 M03 M08---Gi dao T01 D1,tc trc chnh 1000vng/pht
quay cng chiu kim ng h,lng chy dao 0.07mm/vng,m dung dch lm ngui.
N4 G00 X22 Z2---Chy dao nhanh n v tr X22,Z2
N5 G01 X22 Z0
N6 G03 X30 Z-4 I0 K-4---Dao ct dc theo cung trn t (C)---(D) c bn knh
R=4mm.
N7 G01 X30 Z-34
N8 G02 X40 Z-39 K0---Dao ct dc theo cung trn t (E)---(F) c bnh knh
R=5mm.
N9 G01 X58 Z-39
N10 G00 X40 Z150 M09 M05
N11 M30
Ch :
+ Gi tr ca I,K(khong cch t im bt u ca cung trn n tm cung trn) ly theo
gi tr bn knh.
+ Du (-)/(+) ca tr s I,K ty thuc vo v tr tm ca cung trn gc phn t no
(I,II,III.IV) v c xc nh theo s hnh 8.4
Chiu dng ca trc X
Ch : Lnh G28 thc hin, dao s i qua im trung gian trc khi v im chun R.
Cho nn nu vit nhm: G28 X0 Z0
Th dao s i qua im trung gian l im gc ta chi tit, sau tr v im R. Nh
vy s rt nguy him ( hnh 8.6 )
5. Mt s t lnh khc
5.1.Lnh tr(dng vi thi gian xc nh) G04
Vi lnh ny,dng c s dng li mt thi gian nht nh.S dng lnh ny khi gia cng
cn bc ht lng d y nh:ct rnh,khoan,gia cng gc(hnh8.7).
Trong khi tin, c nhng lc cn phi dng cui hnh trnh t c chnh xc ca
mt gia cng, th d khi tin rnh.
Nguyn tc vit lnh nh sau:
5.3 Khai bo n v tc ct S
+ G98 n v lng chy dao F l mm/ph hoc inch/ph
+ G99 - n v lng chy dao F l mm/vg hoc inch/vg
+ G96 Tc ct S c n v l m/ph hay inch/ph, khng i trn ton mt gia
cng.
+ G97 - Tc ct c n v l vg/ph, khng i s vng quay trc chnh trong
sut qu trnh gia cng
Tc trc chnh
V1 = V2
n1 < n2
V1 > V2
n1 = n2
Khi ng knh ln tc ct ln
Khi ng knh nh tc ct nh
V tr gc to lp trnh phi nm trn tm trc chnh
5.4 Gii hn s vng quay trc chnh G50 khi dng G96
Th d G50 S3000
Khi s vng quay t gii hn nmax th trc chnh s quay vi s vng quay
5.5 n v nhp nh nht
n v nhp nh nht l s gia nh nht m h thng c th chp nhn. Trong hu ht cc
h iu khin CNC, s gia nh nht l 0.001 mm v 0.0001 inch, 0.0010. Mt s liu
nhp vo nh hn cc gi tr trn u c lm trn.
Th d:
Th d tin ren tr
Cn ct ren tr thng bc 4.0mm, khang vo ren 1= 3 mm, khang ra ren 2 =
1.5mm, chiu su ct 1mm (hai ln ct).
Tin ren mt u
C php: G32 X_F_
Trong
X_ l ta im cui ca ng ren theo phng X.
F_ l bc ren, bng gi tri L.
Tin ren cn
C php: G32 X_ Z_ F
Trong
X_ l ta im cui ca ng ren theo phng X.
Z_ l ta im cui ca ng ren theo phng Z.
F_ l bc ren theo trc X, hoc bc ren theo trc Z.
Th d tin ren cn
Th d cn ct ren vi bc ren 3.5mm, 1= 2 mm, 2 = 1.0mm, chiu su ct 1.05 mm
theo phng X (hai ln ct). an chng trnh vit nh sau:
Gia cng mt tr v mt u: tt
5.9 Chu trnh gia cng tinh G70 ( dng vi G71, G72, G73 )
C php : G70 P.. Q
Trong : P l s dng bt u on chu trnh
Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
Ch : F,S,T biu th gia P v Q ch nh hng n G70
V d:
N10G00G42X-1.
G01Z0
G03X14.Z-7.R7.
G01z-13.
G01X20.
G03X24.Z-15.R2.
G01Z-32.
G01X34.Z-38.
Z-57.
G01X38.
G01X40.Z-58.
Z-70.
N20G01X42.
G0X100.Z150.
G40
M5
M9
G28U0W0
(TOOL/STANDARD,15,60,0,15,0)
T0101(TINH)
G50S1500
G96S250M3
G0X42.Z2.
G70P10.Q20.F0.1M8
M5
M9
G28U0W0
M30
5.10 chu trnh gia cng th theo ng G71 ( bao hnh )
C php: G71U. R.
G71P.Q.UW..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
U l dy ca lt ct tnh theo bn knh (mm)
R l cao nhc dao v.
Dng 2
P l s dng bt u on chu trnh
Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc tin dao
G71U0.7R1.
G71P10.Q20.U0.3W0.1F0.2
N10G00G42X-1.
G01Z0
G03X14.Z-7.R7.
G01z-13.
G01X20.
G03X24.Z-15.R2.
G01Z-32.
G01X34.Z-38.
Z-57.
G01X38.
G01X40.Z-58.
Z-70.
N20G01X42.
G0X100.Z150.
G40
M5
M9
G28U0W0
5.11 chu trnh gia cng th theo mt G72
C php: G72 W. R.
G72P.Q.UW..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
W l chiu su ct theo phng Z (mm)( b rng ca lp ct )
R l cao nhc dao v.
Dng 2
P l s dng bt u on chu trnh
Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc tin dao
5.12 chu trnh gia cng th theo bin dng c sn G73
C php: G73 U..W. R.
G73P.Q.UW..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
U l ta im bt u ca chu trnh theo phng X
W l ta im bt u ca chu trnh theo phng Z (mm)
R l s lt ct nh nhau ( s ln lp li).
Dng 2
P l s dng bt u on chu trnh
Q l s dng cui on chu trnh
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc tin dao
5.13 chu trnh ct ren ( trong/ ngoi )G76
C php: G76 P..Q. R.
G76 X(U).Z(W).RP..Q..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
P c 6 tham s:
+ 2 s u ch s ln ct tinh
+ 2 s k tip xc nh gi tr Pr vt cnh ( khong h an ton )
PxxXXxx =
+ 2 s cui xc nh gc ren ( 800, 600, 550, 300, 290, 00)
Q l chiu su ct ca mi lt ct tnh theo bn knh ( m)
R l lng d gia cng tinh.
Dng 2
X(U), Z(W) l ta ca im K ( im y ren ) X l ng knh dy ren, Z l chiu
di on ren
R l gi tr xc nh cn ( R = 0 i vi ren tr,chi tit cn R= ( d D)/2 nn m )
P l chiu su ct ren ( lun dng) ( m)
Q l chiu su ct ln th nht ( tnh theo bn knh ) ( m)
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc ren
Ch : + Ct ren ngoi th ta Xs phi ln hn Xk
+ Ct ren trong th ta Xs phi nh hn Xk
+ Cng thc tnh chiu su ct ren cho im K theo phng X ( h mt )
T = 0.6134 * bc ren ( ngoi )
T = 0.5413 * bc ren ( trong )
CU HI V BI TP KIM TRA
Bi 1:in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
Chng trnh cn c nh s th t nhn bittrong chng trnh cn x l.
Lnh dch chuyn G00 c ngha l:chuyn ng.ti im
Lnh dch chuyn G01 c ngha l:chuyn ng .ti im..
Cc thng tin dch chuyn X,Z c hiu lc cho n khic a ra.
Bi 2: in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
im bt u cung trn l im tch ca
Vi cc lnh G02 hoc G03.im...ca cung trn phi nm trong cu lnh lp trnh
v im tm cung trn s c xc nh qua cc bin ph I v K.
Cc ta v v tr ca im tm da vo khong cch theo phng vung gc t im
bt u..
Bi 3: Lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n
(F) n (G) n (H) n (I) n (A)
(A)
n (B)..
(B)
n( C)..
(C)
n (D).
(D)
n (E)
(E)
n (F)
(F)
n (E)
(G)
n (H)
(H)
n (I)
(I)
V (A).
Bi 3: Lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n
(F) n (G) n (A)
(A)
n (B)..
(B)
n( C)..
(C)
n (D).
(D)
n (E)
(E)
n (F)
(F)
n (E)
(G)
V (A).
Bi 9
CC CHC NNG VN HNH
V d:
T 03 03
M OFFSET(b) dao
Dao s 3
2.Chc nng chn tc trc chnh S:
2.1.Trng hp tc tnh theo (vng/pht)
Mu cu lnh:
G97 S M03(M04)
Gi tr dch chuyn
iu khin dch chuyn dao theo mm/pht
V d: G98 G01 X50 Z20 F70
Dch chuyn dao ti im c ta X=50mm;
Z=20mm; lng dch chuyn F=70mm/pht.
Mu mnh lnh:
G99 F.
Gi tr dch chuyn
iu khin dch chuyn dao theo ../vng
V d: G99 G01 X50 Z20 F0.25
Dch chuyn dao ti im c ta X=50mm;
Z=20mm; lng dch chuyn F=0.25mm/vng.
4.Chc nng ph M:
Cc chc nng M ch yu l cc lnh m my, tt my,ng v m dung dch lm mt
TT
M
1
M00
M01
M02
M03
M04
6
7
M05
M08
M09
Chc nng
Dng chng trnh
Gii thch
- Khi c M00 chng trnh s dng li ng
thi dng trc chnh, ng dung dch lm
mt.
- C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
Dng mt phn
- Chng trnh s dng li khi nhn phm
chng trnh c iu OPT STOP trong bng iu khin ca my.
khin
- C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
Kt thc chng trnh -Tt c cc hot ng s dng li v NC t
li cc ch c.
-C hiu lc cui cu lnh.
Trc chnh quay
- C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
thun chiu kim ng
h
Trc chnh quay
- C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
ngc chiu kim
ng h
Dng trc chnh
-C hiu lc ngay cui cu lnh.
Bt dung dch lm
-C hiu lc ngay u cu lnh.
mt
Tt dung dch lm
- C hiu lc ngay cui cu lnh.
mt
M10
M mm cp
10
M11
ng mm cp
11
M12
Nng ng tin ra
12
13
14
M13
M19
M20
Nng ng li vo
nh v trc chnh
Kt thc (hy; m )
nh v trc chnh
Kt thc chng trnh
M30
15
16
M31
M32
M chc nng bo
v
17
18
M41,
42,43,
44
19
M65
Gi hp s ca trc
chnh
nh Kp ngoi
20
M66
nh Kp trong
M98
21
22
M99
CU HI KIM TRA
Bi 1.in vo cc cu sau cm t thch hp:
Trong chng trnh s phi khai bo s hiu dng c,v d T0101,T0202.S hiu dng
c ny tng ng vi tt c cc thng s dng c c a vo v nh ngha qua lp
trnh v lu gi ti b tch tr dng c, chng hn cc yu t:...cho dng c a vo.
S vng quay(hay tc ) trc chnh c chn v a vo chng trnh, v d;S1000,
S1250. S la chn ph thuc vo: v s vng quyay my.
Bi 10
LP TRNG GIA CNG TRN MY TIN CN
CU HI V BI TP KIM TRA
Bi 1: in vo cc cm t thch hp:
Ghi kch thc theo ta tuyt i th mi on dch chuyn s c tnh t.
Ca h thng o. Phng php ny ly mt duy nht.
Ghi kch thc theo ta tng di s o t. Ti.. tip theo. Phng php ny
ly..
Bi 2: lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n (F)
n (G) n (H) n (I) n (A)
Lnh tuyt i
Lnh tng i
Bi 3: lp trnh gia cng theo ng ct sau: (A) n (B) n (C) n (D) n (E) n (F)
n (H) n (K) n (I) n (A)
Lnh tuyt i
Lnh tng i
Bi 11
CHU TRNH CT REN TRN MY TIN CNC
1. Lp trnh gia cng ren bng lnh chu trnh G92, G76
Chu trnh G92
Nguyen tac viet lenh:
G92 X_ Z_ F_;
Trong o
X_Z_ la toa o iem cuoi cua ng ren.
F_ la bc ren, bang gia tri L.
Chu trnh G92 giong nh G32 ch khac la co the nhan nut Feed Hold e dng gia
cong ren gia chng
Th d: Chu trnh tien ren tru G92
Giai:
O5595
N10 G50 X200 Z2000;
N20 TO707;
N30 G97 S600 M03;
N40 G00 X26.0 Z8.0 M08 ;
N50 G92 X19.0 Z-42.0 F2.5;
N60 X18.3;
N70 X17.7;
N80 X17.3;
N90 X16.9;
N100 X16.75;
N110 G28.0 X80.0 Z80.0;
N120 M05;
N130 M30;
Chu trnh tien ren cn G92
Nguyen tac viet dong lenh:
G92 X(U)_Z(W)_ R_ F_ ;
Trong o,
X(U)_ Z(W)_ la toa o can ti
X(U) tnh theo ng knh
R o nang cua mat ren con, tnh theo ban knh
Goc vat chan ren 45o do tnh tre cua he thong servo(R) Chay nhanh
(F) chay an dao
vi bc ren L
F_ la lng chay dao
O5597 ;
G97 S500 M03 ;
T0707 ;
G00 X32.0 Z5.0 ;
M08 ;
G92 X24.1 Z-25.0 R-3.0 F2.0 ;
X23.5 ;
X22.9 ;
X22.5 ;
X22.4 ;
G28 X80.0 Z80.0 ;
M09 ;
M05 ;
M30 ;
Chu trnh ct ren ( trong/ ngoi )G76
C php: G76 P..Q. R.
G76 X(U).Z(W).RP..Q..F..
Trong :
Dng 1
P c 6 tham s:
+ 2 s u ch s ln ct tinh
+ 2 s k tip xc nh gi tr Pr vt cnh ( khong h an ton )
PxxXXxx =
+ 2 s cui xc nh gc ren ( 800, 600, 550, 300, 290, 00)
Q l chiu su ct ca mi lt ct tnh theo bn knh ( m)
R l lng d gia cng tinh.
Dng 2
X(U), Z(W) l ta ca im K ( im y ren ) X l ng knh dy ren, Z l chiu
di on ren
R l gi tr xc nh cn ( R = 0 i vi ren tr,chi tit cn R= ( d D)/2 nn m )
P l chiu su ct ren ( lun dng) ( m)
Q l chiu su ct ln th nht ( tnh theo bn knh ) ( m)
U l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo bn knh phng X
W l l chiu su ct tinh tnh theo phng Z
F l bc ren
Ch : + Ct ren ngoi th ta Xs phi ln hn Xk
+ Ct ren trong th ta Xs phi nh hn Xk
+ Cng thc tnh chiu su ct ren cho im K theo phng X ( h mt )
T = 0.6134 * bc ren ( ngoi )
T = 0.5413 * bc ren ( trong )
Ap dung lenh G76, hay lap chng trnh tien ren cho chi tiet
Giai
O5127
N10 G97 S600 M03;
N20 T0505;
N30 M08;
N40 G00 X30,0 Z5.0 ;
G76 P011060 Q040 R020;
G76 X21.1 Z-27.0 P1950 Q0900 F3.0;
N50 M09;
M70 G28 X80.0 Z8.0;
N80 M05;
N90 M30;
BI 12
Kim tra sa li v chy th chng trnh
T0101
Tc
ct cho
php (
m/p)
120
Bc tin
(mm/v )
Chiu su
ct (mm)
0.3
T0202
120
0.25
2.5
T0303
250
0.080
0.15
0.1
T0404
250
0.05
0.08
0.1
T0505
120-280
0.05 0.1
0.05
BI 13
VN HNH MY TIN CNC
1. G dao, o kch thc dao v nhp thng s kch thc vo b nh dao
- G dao:
Quyt nh lp trnh quan trng nht khi tin l s g lp. G lp dao trn my tin
CNC c lp vo cc hp dao a gic ring cho tng loi. Sau ta tin hnh o
kch thc ca dao theo hai phng X,Z t mi dao n im thay dao v nhp khai
bo vo b nh dao. Phng php t c s dng trn my tin CNC 2 trc, vn
ny s c gii quyt trong qu trnh xc lp v tr gia cng( xc lp v tr v tr W )
Ch :
+ Hu ht mm dao ca my tin CNC u nm trn ng tm ca trc chnh ( im
chun ca my M ) nn tt c gi tr o kch thc ca dao u mang gi tr m.
+ cn n s sp xp v tr, th t dao trn mm dao trong qu trnh gia cng hp
l trnh s va chm vi mm cp, chi tit v my.
2/ G phi:
Hu ht trong gia cng my tin CNC, phi u c lp trn mm cp 3 chu thy
lc t nh tm.
Trong qu trnh g phi ln mm cp cn ch n o ca phi khi quay, nu qu
o ta nn cn chnh phi li. ng thi phi ch n p lc kp ca mm cp c
hp l i vi vt liu chi tit hay khng, nu xy ra bin dng trong qu trnh kp ta
phi hiu chnh li.
3/ Xc nh im W ( im chun ca phi )
Vic xc lp im gc ca phi c tin hnh nh sau:
+ a mm dao v im chun my R ( reference ) bng nt iu khin ca my.
+ Chn ch di chuyn bng tay, ng thi cho trc chnh mang phi quay.
+ Nu chn im gc phi X0, Z0 ti mt u ca phi, ta tin hnh xc nh im 0
ca X v Z nh sau:
- Xc nh im 0 theo trc Z: dng ch handle cho dao tin chm mt u. Khi
chm mt u th ghi li kt qu ca trc Z ( v d: Z = - 770.34 ) v nhp trc tip
vo my.
Vo OFFSET/ OFFSETTING/ CHN ch GEOMETRY nhp Z0 nhn MEASURE.
Nh th ta xc nh xong im 0 ca Z.nu nhp trc tip kt qu ca Z th nhn
input.
DIN GII
Kho bo v ch vn hnh my
Ch bo v vn hnh t ng
Khi vn hnh my ch t ng
(AUTO,DNC ,MDI) cng tc FEED OVERIDE
dng iu chnh % tc ct gt F trong
chng trnh ( t 0% n 200%).
* Khi vn hnh my ch bng tayJOG , cng
tc FEED OVERIDE dng iu chnh tc di
chuyn trc t 0 4000 mm/min
Nt khi ng h thng thy lc
n bo trng thi kp ca mm cp
n bo trng thi hp s
n bo li chng trnh
n bo li h thng du
Trong trng hp khn cp n nt E- STOP
ngt ngun Servo v dng di chuyn trc ngay
lp tc.
* m kha nt E-STOP , vn nt theo chiu kim
ng h , nt s t ng bt ln.
Khi vn hnh my ch t
ng(AUTO,DNC ,MDI) n nt CYCLE START
thi hnh chng trnh.
*Nt CYCLE START s sng n cho n khi kt
thc chng trnh hoc n nt CYCLE STOP.
Chng tm di chuyn ra
Chng tm di chuyn vo
chng tm di chuyn ra
chng tm di chuyn vo
ng ca t ng
M ca t ng
M n chuu sng
Cc phng php kim tra chng trnh nh kha my chy chng trnh, chy
khng, chy m phng v c minh ha bng th.
+ Ct th:
Ct th l cng vic kim tra chng trnh v iu kin ct gt, trong khi ct gt thc t
trn chi tit. Ring iu kin ct gt c s dng trong chng trnh phi c s
dng ph hp, kim tra k lng, chnh xc ca my c duy tr v c kim tra
trn phi ct gt.
+ Vn hnh t ng:
Chi tit gia cng c hon thin trn my bng vic chy t ng chy chng trnh
ch khi tt c mi cng vic c m t trn c sa cha, hon thin th mi c
cho my ct t ng.
5. Chy chng trnh gia cng
Sau khi hon tt cng vic nh: chun b chng trnh, g phi, g dao, nh gc
khng ca phi, kim tra chng trnh bng vic chy m phng, chy khng ct gt,
sau cho chy t ng chng trnh vi cc cng vic sau:
- Gi chng trnh gia cng bng cch nhn nt PROGRAM
- Bt n chiu sng.
- Nhn nt CYCLE START bt u thc hin gia cng.
TI LIU THAM KHO:
- Chu Mnh Lc, Cng Ngh CNC, i Hc BK Nng 2002
- Trn Th San-Nguyn Ngc Phng, s tay lp trnh CNC, NXB Nng 2006
- Trn Vn ch, Cng ngh trn my CNC, NXB KHKT H Ni 2000