Modulators and Demodulators (AM & DSB-SC)

Reference
Chapter 4.3 and 4.5, Carlson, Communication Systems

Modulator

Receiver

Filter

Demodulator

Mod.1

Product Modulator

f DSB SC (t ) = f (t ) c(t )

f AM (t ) = f (t ) c(t ) + Ac(t )

= f (t ) cos c t

f (t )

= f (t ) cos c t + A cos c t

c(t )

Mod.2

Square-law modulator

vin = f (t ) + c(t )
+

f (t )

vin

Nonlinear
element

Filter
vout

vin

c(t )
vout = a1vin + a2 vin2

= a1 f (t ) + a1c(t ) + a2 f 2 (t ) + c 2 (t ) + 2 f (t )c(t )

]
Mod.3

Balanced Modulator
If a1=0
the square-law modulator can
generator DSB-SC signal.
Difficult to achieve this
condition
Balanced Modulator

f (t )

AM
Modulator

c(t ) + c (t ) f (t )
+
+

2c(t ) f (t )

c(t )

f (t )

AM
Modulator

c(t ) f (t )c(t )
Mod.4

Switching Modulators
multiplying the signal with any periodic signal whose fundamental frequency is

Example
Any periodic power signal can be represented can be represented by the

Fourier series,
jn o t

p (t ) =

Pe

n =

Choose o= c and multiplying p(t) with f(t) gives

f (t ) p (t ) =

P f (t )e

n =

jn o t

{ f (t ) p (t )} = Pn f (t )e jn ot
n =

{ f (t ) p (t )} =

P {f (t )e

n =

{ f (t ) p (t )} =

jn o t

Pn F ( n o )

n =

Q f (t )e j ot = F ( o )

Mod.5

Switching Modulators
The spectrum of f (t ) p (t ) contains F ( ) and F ( )
translated by c ,2 c ,3 c ,... .

f (t )

F ( )

p(t ) f (t )

{ f (t ) p(t )}
p(t )

Pn

2 c

2 c

Mod.6

Switching Modulators
DSB-SC signal can be obtained by applying the signal to a
bandpass filter. The bandpass filter allows those frequency
components centered at c to pass and attenuates all
other frequency components.
f DSB SC (t )

p(t ) f (t )
BPF

f (t )

f (t )

{ f (t ) p(t )}
c

2 c
Mod.7

Switching Modulators

f (t )

switch

BPF

fc

AM ?

Mod.8