Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SYSTEMS
Definition:
A transformational system is a
computer program that accepts
some input, performs computation
on it, produces output, and then
terminates.
Transformational
A Transformational System
Examples :
1)
2)
PROGRAM TRANSFORMATION
-A program
i) Coccinelle
ii) Stratego/XT
iii) TXL
iv) DMS
v) ASF+SDF
vi) Fermat
vii) Spoon
REACTIVE SYSTEMS
- A reactive
nonterminating
interactive
interrupt-driven
state-dependent
environment-oriented
parallel
real-time
E-D-I SYSTEMS
Embedded system
An embedded system is a
computer system with a dedicated function
within a larger mechanical or
electrical system, often with real-time
computing constraints.
It isembedded as part of a complete device
often including hardware and mechanical
parts.
Embedded
Systems
- An embedded system is a computer system with a
dedicated function within a larger mechanical or
electrical system, often with real-time computing
constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete
device often including hardware and mechanical
parts.
1)
Technical devices
Household equipment
Automotive electronics
Industrial plannts
VARIETY OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
- Embedded systems are commonly found in
consumer, cooking, industrial, automotive, medical,
commercial and military applications.
Telecommunications systems employ numerous
embedded systems from telephone switches for the
network to cell phones at the end-user.
- Computer networking uses dedicated routers and
network bridges to route data. Consumer
electronics include personal digital assistants
(PDAs), mp3 players, mobile phones, videogame
consoles, digital cameras, DVD players, GPS
receivers, and printers.
TRANSFORMATIONAL VS REACTIVE
SYSTEMS
Transformational systems
.Reactive
systems
get input;
compute something;
return result;
TRANSFORMATIONAL VS
REACTIVE SYSTEMS
Transformational
Systems can be classified as being
either transformational or event-hased.
In the transformational definition, a
system is a function that receives one or
more system inputs I from an external
environment, transforms them with
process T , and then releases them as
system outputs O to an external
environment. This input-output (I/O)
relationship can be expressed
symbolically as
T(I) = O or T : I -----> O.
Reactive Systems
A reactive system is a system that, when
turned on, is able to create desired
effects in its environment by enabling,
enforcing, or preventing events in the
environment.
Reactive systems typically exist to
collaborate or interact with some entity or
entities in the environment (e.g., traffic
controllers; process control). They never
have all of their inputs ready -- rather, the
inputs arrive in endless and perhaps
unexpected sequences.
Transformational systems
get input;{pre-condition}
Reactive systems
while (true) {
receive some input,
compute something;
{post-condition} return result;
transformational view:
halting problem
Hoare logic
enough
Process 1:
while (true) {
out: a := true; turn := true;
wait: await (b = false or turn = false);
cs: a := false;
}
||
Process 2:
while (true) {
out: b := true; turn := false;
wait: await (a = false or turn);
cs: b := false;
}
Transition Relation
Transition Relation specifies the next-state relation, i.e., given a state what are the states that
Transition System
A transition system T = (S, I, R) consists of
a set of states
S
a set of initial states I S
and a transition relation
RSS
Reference
https://www.isr.umd.edu/~austin/ence200.d/softw
are.html
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/dcs/research/e
m/publications/mscbyresearch/mslade/files/a2.pd
f
http://booksite.elsevier.com/9781558607552/slid
es/slides.pdf
http://thomasfeng.com/papers/fzv07scsc.pdf
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/Teaching/COMP424
A/module1/comp424-lecture01.pdf
http://doc.utwente.nl/37300/1/w412nxtreu2m8xvp
.pdf
http://wwwverimag.imag.fr/~raymond/edu/eng/intro-mini1x2.pdf