SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY,CBE-35

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

Academic year : 2012-13

EC 3213 - Control Systems

Two Marks Question and Answers

Staff Handled: R.SIVABALAKRISHNAN AP/MC Class : II - B.E. MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING ( IV Semester)

TOPICS
UNIT I : BASIC CONCEPTS AND SYSTEM REPRESENTATION UNIT II : TIME RESPONSE ANALYSIS UNIT III : FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN UNIT IV : STABILITY OF CONTROL SYSTEMS UNIT V : COMPENSATION DESGIN

UNIT I : BASIC CONCEPTS AND SYSTEM REPRESENTATION

Define System? A system is a combination or an arrangement of different physical components which act together as an entire unit to achieve certain objective. What is control system? A system consists of a number of components connected together to perform a specific function. In a system when the output quantity is controlled by varying the input quantity then the system is called control system. Define Plant? The portion of a system which is to be controlled or regulated is called the plant or the process. Define Controller? The element of the system itself or external to the system which controls the plant or the process is called controller. Define Input. It is an applied signal or an excitation signal applied to a control system from an external energy source in order to produce a specified output. Define Output. It is the particular signal of interest or the actual response obtained from a control system when input is applied to it. Define disturbance. Disturbance is a signal which tends to adversely affect the value of the output of a system. Define internal disturbance. If such a disturbance is generated within the system itself, it is an internal disturbance. Define external disturbance. The disturbance generated outside the system acting as an input to the system in addition to its normal input, affecting the output adversely is an external disturbance. What is mean by Principle of superposition? Principle of superposition means the response to several inputs can be obtained by considering one input at a system and the algebraically adding the individual results. What is mean by Deterministic control system? A control system is said to be deterministic when its response to input as well as behavior to external disturbance is predictable and repeatable. Write short notes about SISO and MIMO. A system having only one input and one output is called single input and single output system. Some systems may have multiple input and multiple outputs, these are called multiple input and multiple output systems. What are the two major types of control system? the two major types of control system are open loop and closed loop Define open loop control system. The control system in which the output quantity has no effect upon the input quantity is called open loop control system. This means that the output is not feedback to the input for correction. Define closed loop control system. The control system in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity so as to maintain the desired output value is called closed loop control system. Write any four advantages of open loop system. 1. Such systems are simple in construction. 2. Very much convenient when output is difficult to measure. 3. Such systems are easy when maintenance point is view. 4. Such systems are economical.
EC 3213 - Control Systems 2

17. Write any four disadvantages of open loop system. 1. Such systems are inaccurate and unreliable because accuracy of such system is totally dependent on the accurate pre-calibration of the controller. 2. Such systems give inaccurate results if there are variations in the external environment. 3. Similarly they cannot sense internal disturbances in the system, after the controller stage. 4. To maintain the quality and accuracy, recalibration of the controller is necessary, time to time. Give any four real time application of open loop system. 1. Sprinkler used to water a lawn. 2. Stepper motor positioning system. 3. Automatic toaster system. 4. Traffic light controller. Give any four real time application of closed loop system. 1. Human being. 2. Home heating system. 3. Ship stabilization system. 4. Voltage stabilizer. What are the components of feedback control system? The components of feedback control system are plant, feedback path elements, error detector and controller. Define feedback. Feedback is a property of the system by which it permits the output to be compared with the reference input to generate the error signal based on which appropriate controlling action can be decided. What are called feedback systems? Systems in which the effect of the disturbance must show up in the error before the controller can take proper corrective action are called feedback systems. Define transfer function. The T.F of a system is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of output to Laplace transform of input with zero initial conditions. Let f (t) be a real function of a real variable t defined for t>0, then F(s) =L [f (t)] = f (t).e stdt Where F (s) is called Laplace transform of f (t). And the variable s which appears in F(s) is frequency dependent complex variable. It is given by, s = + j Where =real part of complex variables. = Imaginary part of complex variables. Define Linearity of Laplace transform. The transform of a finite sum of time functions is the sum of the Laplace transforms of the individual functions. So if F1(s), F2(s), , Fn(s) are the Laplace transforms of the time functions f1 (t), f2(t),, fn(t) respectively then, L{f1(t)+f2(t)+..+fn(t)}=F1(s)+F2(s)+Fn(s). Define Initial value theorem. The Laplace transform is very useful to find the initial value of the time function f (t). Thus if F(s) is the Laplace transform of f (t) then, The only restriction is that f (t) must be continuous or at the most, a step discontinuity at t=0. Define Final value theorem. The Laplace transform is very useful to find the final value of the time function f (t). Thus if F(s) is the Laplace transform of f (t) then, The only restriction is that the roots of the denominator polynomial of F(s) i.e. poles of F(s) have negative or zero real parts.
EC 3213 - Control Systems 3

What are the basic elements used for modeling mechanical translational system. Mass, spring and dashpot What are the basic elements used for modeling mechanical rotational system? Moment of inertia J, dashpot with rotational frictional coefficient B and torsional spring with stiffness K Name two types of electrical analogous for mechanical system. The two types of analogies for the mechanical system are Force voltage and force current analogy What is block diagram? A block diagram of a system is a pictorial representation of the functions performed by each component of the system and shows the flow of signals. The basic elements of block diagram are block, branch point and summing point. If a given system is complicated, it is very difficult to analyse it as a whole. With the help of transfer function approach, we can find transfer function of each and every element of the complicated system. And by showing connection between the elements, complete system can be splitted into different blocks and can be analyzed conveniently. This is the basic concept of block diagram representation. What is the basis for framing the rules of block diagram reduction technique? The rules for block diagram reduction technique are framed such that any modification made on the diagram does not alter the input output relation. What is a signal flow graph? A signal flow graph is a diagram that represents a set of simultaneous algebraic equations .By taking L.T the time domain differential equations governing a control system can be transferred to a set of algebraic equations in sdomain. What is transmittance? The transmittance is the gain acquired by the signal when it travels from one node to another node in signal flow graph. What is sink and source? Source is the input node in the signal flow graph and it has only outgoing branches. Sink is a output node in the signal flow graph and it has only incoming branches. Define non-touching loop. The loops are said to be non-touching if they do not have common nodes. Write Masons Gain formula. Masons Gain formula states that the overall gain of the system is Masons Gain formula states that the overall gain of the system is T = 1/ Pk k k- No. of forward paths in the signal flow graph. Pk- Forward path gain of Kth forward path = 1-[sum of individual loop gains ] +[sum of gain products of all possible combinations of two non touching loops]-[sum of gain products of all possible combinations of three non touching loops]+ k = for that part of the graph which is not touching Kth forward path. Write the analogous electrical elements in force voltage analogy for the elements of mechanical translational system. Force-voltage e Velocity v-current i Displacement x-charge q Frictional coeff B-Resistance R Mass M- Inductance L Stiffness K-Inverse of capacitance 1/C Write the analogous electrical elements in force current analogy for the elements of mechanical translational system. Force-current i
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Velocity v-voltage v Displacement x-flux_ Frictional coeff B-conductance 1/R Mass M- capacitance C Stiffness K-Inverse of inductance 1/L Write the force balance equation of m ideal mass element . F = M d2x /dt2 Write the force balance equation of ideal dashpot element. F = B dx /dt Write the force balance equation of ideal spring element. F = Kx Distinguish between open loop and closed loop system Open loop Closed loop 1.Innaccurate 2.Simple and economical 3.The changes in output due to external disturbance are not corrected 4.They are generally stable Accurate Complex and costlier The changes in output due to external disturbances are corrected automatically Great efforts are needed to design a stable system What is servomechanism? The servomechanism is a feedback control system in which th output is mechanical position (or time derivatives of position velocity and acceleration,) Why is negative feedback invariably preferred in closed loop system? The negative feedback results in better stability in steady state and rejects any disturbance signals.

EC 3213 - Control Systems

EC 3213 - Control Systems

EC 3213 - Control Systems