Berahman

Performance Based Seismic
Evaluation of Icon Hotel in Dubai

Farshad Berahman
BSc MSc PhD
Senior Structural Engineer
WS Atkins Middle East

Dubai, UAE
Burj Al Arab Dubai
Atkins Tall Buildings
Icon Hotel, Dubai
Icon Hotel Dubai Promenade
Icon Hotel Location
Icon Hotel The Site
Icon Hotel Building Geometry

Key Facts
34th
level-Mechanical
Floor
160
m
203 Guest Hotel Room

172 Branded Service Apartments
42 storey wheel
96m
165m
Sky Lift
Total built up area 110,000 sqm
Lift cores
78m
8th level-Mechanical
Floor
Atrium
Elevation
10.8m
13.2 m
4.3m
Plan
Icon Hotel Pre-Concept
The areas with high shear stresses:
Punched Concrete Walls
1.
Thicken the wall - more weight and

more concrete
2.
Reduce the number of openings - Not

favourable Architecturally
3.
Use steel plates to reinforce the highly

stressed concrete walls - Not standard
practice
Icon Hotel Pre-Concept
Permanent
Composite Trusses
Sketches Courtesy LERA
Peer Review LERAs Proposed Alternative
Icon Hotel Concept Design - Functional Framing & Form Finding
Icon Hotel Pre- Construction Advisor - SAMSUNG
Images Courtesy Samsung
Icon Hotel Preliminary Design
Y
X
Gravity Load Path
Icon Hotel Axial Forces Under Gravity Loads
Axial Force Diagram
Icon Hotel Construction Sequence
Images Courtesy Tekla
Icon Hotel Mega Frame LLRS

Deformation
has bending
configuration
and story drift
increase with
height
Deformation has shear

configuration with
maximum inclination near
the base
Icon Hotel
Steel Weight
Trusses, Arches and vertical

elements: 10250 ton
Floor Beams: 7000 ton
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel Modes of Vibration
T1 = 4.3 Sec
T2 = 3.3 Sec
T3 = 3.0 Sec
Icon Hotel Specialist Studies
Geotechnical Study
Liquefaction Analysis
Soil Improvement
Seismic Hazard Study
Wind Tunnel Study
Pile Raft Settlement Analysis
Floor vibration analysis
Connections Detail Design
Long Term Effect (Column Shortening)
Performance Based Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Wind Tunnel Studies
Images & Data

Courtesy RWDI
Inter story drift less than H/1000
For more information please visit

CTBUH website and search for
CTBUH 2010 Mumbai Conference
Foundation Type
Other areas are

on pile groups or
individual piles
Piled Raft
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Pile Raft Settlement Analysis-Predicted Settlement (DL+LL) by PIGLET
Maximum Settlement:
90mm
Maximum Settlement:
93mm
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Pile Raft Settlement Analysis-Predicted Settlement (DL+LL) by FEAR
CONTOURS OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT

Co n t o u r L e g e n d
1. 000E - 02
2. 200E - 02
3. 400E - 02
Maximum
Settlement:
107mm
4. 600E - 02
5. 800E - 02
7. 000E - 02
8. 200E - 02
9. 400E - 02
1. 060E - 01
1. 180E - 01
1. 300E - 01
1. 420E - 01
1. 540E - 01
1. 660E - 01
I c o n Ho t e l
S et t lem ent As s es s m ent
E q u iv a l e n t Ra f t
ICON HOTEL
29th
January 2009
Maximum
Settlement:
112mm
Icon Hotel Design of Connections
Floor System
Strength
Deflection
Vibration
Acoustic
2hrs Fire
10.8m
Density
400kg/m^2
13.2 m
4.3m
Density
560 kg/m^2
Design of Floor for Vibration Traditional approach
F1>4 Hz
PDR
Current Design
SB 1
217 kg/m
114 kg/m
SB 2
117 kg/m
100 kg/m
Icon Hotel Floor Vibration Analysis
Floor Vibration Analysis-In-house Program
R-Factor
Floor Vibration Analysis-MIDAS model
Walking Load
Vibration Mode Shapes-MIDAS model
PDR and Detail Design Cost Comparison
More than 21 million AED
SAVED
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel Column Shortening
MIDAS Model
ICON HOTEL
Icon Hotel Differential Shortening Between Inner and Outer Walls
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel
ICON HOTEL
29th January 2009
Icon Hotel Seismic hazard study

Courtesy Fugro West Inc.
Magnitude Probability Density Function

The estimated equal hazard horizontal response spectrum at rock boundary
set
Earthquake
Magnitude Distance (Km)
Recording station
Designation
90053 Canoga Parl- CNP 106 CNP

Topanga Can
196
1994 Northridge, USA
6.7
18.2
1976 Gazli, USSR
6.8
22.3
9201 Karakyr
GAZ000
GAZ090
1992 Landers, USA
7.3
42.5
12025 Palm Springs

Airport
PSA 000
PSA090

Icon Hotel Performance Based Design Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Performance Based Design Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Perform 3D
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Material Behaviour
Un confined C70 (70 Mpa) concrete
Figure 18. Stress-Strain relationship for unconfined C70 concrete
Steel S355(355 Mpa yield strength) built up section
Reinforcement (460 Mpa yied strength)
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Damping
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Performance objectives

Design Stage
Earthquake Level
Design Stage I-A

E2
Design Stage I-B

E2
Design Stage III

E3
Performance objective
LS/CD
LS/CD
CP/ED
Analysis Type
3-D Linear Response

Spectrum Analysis
2-D Nonlinear Time

History Analysis
2-D Nonlinear Time

History Analysis
Seismic Zone 2A UBC 97-Soil

type Sc
Time history obtained

from Seismic Hazard
Study-475 years return
period
Time history obtained

from Seismic Hazard
Study-2475 years return
period
N/A
N/A
2.5% (DM 2009)
3.5% (DM 2009)
Design to be verified
Design to be verified
Service load
combinations
Expected strength
Strain & Story drift ratio
Earthquake load/Time
History
Ductility Factor
Story Drift Ratio Limit
UBC 97-R=4.5-Bearing Wall

System
%2 for inelastic
deformation=0.7*R*elastic
deformation
Member Strength
Design
Member to be designed
according to UBC 97
Load Factors
Factored load combinations
Material strength
Design Strength
Service load
combinations
Expected strength
Acceptance Criteria
Strength & Story drift ratio
Strain & Story drift ratio
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Desired Behaviour
the envelope of inter-story drifts.

Bhaviour under gravity load
Concrete Coupling
beams behave
nonlinear
Compression
strain about
0.0012

Envelope of the concrete compression
strain at critical locations
Coupling beams
behave nonlinearly
Lander
All the members remained elastic except coupling

beams Building met the performance objectives.
Concrete compression
strain earthquake
0.0016
1992-scaled
Figure 28. The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
The envelope inter-story drift ratios for MCE
The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
Figure 28. The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Dissipated Energy
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design Usage Ratios
Scaled Lander 1992

increased 4x to see the
extreme behaviour
Conclusions and observation

Large gravity transfer structures can be used efficiently to
mobilise frame action by coupling the core walls.
Icon hotel Performance Based Design evaluation showed that
this building will behave in a desired manner for future
anticipated earthquake.
Bearing wall system: Ductility ?? Overstrength
Minimum base shear from the code. Do we need to follow?
Performance based design provides valuable information for
the seismic design of geometrically complex structures which
lie beyond the realms of established building codes.

Berahman

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Performance Based Seismic

Evaluation of Icon Hotel in Dubai

WS Atkins Middle East

Burj Al Arab Dubai

Atkins Tall Buildings

Icon Hotel, Dubai

Icon Hotel Dubai Promenade

Icon Hotel Location

Icon Hotel The Site

Icon Hotel Building Geometry

203 Guest Hotel Room

Total built up area 110,000 sqm

Icon Hotel Pre-Concept

The areas with high shear stresses:

Punched Concrete Walls

Thicken the wall - more weight and

Reduce the number of openings - Not

Use steel plates to reinforce the highly

Icon Hotel Pre-Concept

Sketches Courtesy LERA

Peer Review LERAs Proposed Alternative

Icon Hotel Concept Design - Functional Framing & Form Finding

Icon Hotel Pre- Construction Advisor - SAMSUNG

Images Courtesy Samsung

Icon Hotel Preliminary Design

Gravity Load Path

Icon Hotel Axial Forces Under Gravity Loads

Axial Force Diagram

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence

Images Courtesy Tekla

Icon Hotel Construction Sequence