SEMINAR ON

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

BY:

arman singh(ROLL NO. 1125)

Binesh (ROLL NO. 1137)

Total Internal Reflection

Total internal reflection is a phenomenon that happens when a
propagating wave strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a
particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface.
The critical angle is the angle of incidence above which the total
internal reflection occurs.

Conditions for TIR to take place

The ray should be from denser to rarer medium.
The incident angle should be greater than critical angle.
When >c total internal reflection takes place
When < c total internal reflection does not takes place as some of
the ray will reflect out off the boundary and some will refract

Applications of total internal reflection

Total internal reflection is the operating principle of optical fibres,
which are used in endoscopy surgery and telecommunications.

Total internal reflection is the operating principle of automotive rain

sensors, which control automatic windscreen/windshield wipers.

Applications of total internal reflection

Gonioscopy employs total internal reflection to view the anatomical
angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris.
Optical fingerprinting devices use frustrated total internal reflection in
order to record an image of a person's fingerprint without the use of
ink.
Prisms in binoculars use total internal reflection, rather than reflective
coatings, to fold optical paths and show erect images.

Examples in daily life

Total internal reflection can be observed while swimming, when one
opens one's eyes just under the water's surface. If the water is calm,
its surface appears mirror-like.
Diamonds used for jewellery are normally shaped in such a way as to
maximize the amount of light that is totally internally reflected from
the back side of the diamond. The very high refractive index of
diamond gives a large critical angle allowing almost all the light
entering the diamond to be reflected back for optimized diamond
cuts such as the brilliant.