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UNIBLOC-PD
INTRODUCTION
The UNIBLOC line of positive displacement pumps are manufactured by TEKNOFLOW Inc./Flowtech Div.
located in Marietta, GA USA. The pumps have been designed mainly for the sanitary industries, but are
suitable for many industrial applications as well.
The information enclosed in this engineering manual will give fundamental information to properly select a
UNIBLOC pump. It has also been produced in an effort to educate anyone who may be involved in with the
selection and use of a positive displacement pump. If for any reason the information presented is not clear or
additional assistance is needed please contact Flowtech or one of our distributors.
UNIBLOC-PD
CONTENTS
1.
Page
Fluid Flow Fundamentals......................................................... 4
2.
3.
4.
Shaft Seals................................................................................ 15
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
UNIBLOC Dimensions........................................................... 48
13.
14.
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1.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY, S.G., is the ratio of a fluids density to the density of water.
SI units:
Standard units:
0
0
C
F
kg/ms
cPs
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TOTAL HEAD is the pressure difference between a pumps inlet and outlet.
SUCTION HEAD is the inlet pressure of a pump when above atmospheric.
SUCTION LIFT is the inlet pressure of a pump when below atmospheric.
FLUID TYPES
Newtonian Fluids exhibit no change in viscosity as the shear rate,
velocity, changes. They include such fluids as water, mineral oil, and
syrups.
Non-Newtonian Fluids include several types whose viscosities vary as the shear rate, velocity, changes.
Plastic Fluids require an initial force, or yield point, at which they will
begin to flow.
Pseudo Plastic Fluids decrease rapidly in viscosity as the shear rate,
velocity, increases. Their viscosity is independent of time.
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Dilatent Fluids increase in viscosity as shear rate increases and is
independent of time. They include clays, oxides, and crystalline
materials.
2.
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The diagram below illustrates how energy changes to the different forms as the fluid moves through the
system.
PA
The starting pressure may be constant atmospheric pressure if the system is open or if it is
closed, the pressure inside the supply vessel.
At the beginning point there is pressure energy, PA, and potential energy due to the elevation of
the supply vessel above the pump.
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E-F The remaining pressure energy is changed to potential energy. An analysis of the fluids energy
at the inlet must be performed to insure that the fluid is able to enter the pump and to also do so with
enough energy to prevent cavitations. The energy available in the fluid in a system is determined by
subtracting the fluids vapor pressure from the pressure at the inlet. This Net Inlet Pressure Available
(NIPA) may be converted to head to give Net Positive Suction Head Available
(NPSHA). The
NPSHA must be higher than the Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR).
INLET
PRESSURE
FLUID
VAPOR
PRESSURE
NIPA
NIPR
The NPSHR is different for each pump size and is also dependent on each pumps components and the
operating conditions of the system. It can only be determined by testing a pump. If the NPSHA is less
than the NPSHR the fluid will not enter the pump. If it is high enough to allow fluid into the pump, but
less than the fluids vapor pressure then cavitations will occur, resulting in noisy pump operation,
vibration, deterioration of the fluid, pump damage, and damage to other system components. The
following graphs illustrate under what typical conditions the NPSH values may change. The shade
area indicates the safe operating range.
Increasing the pump size decreases the NPSHR and increases the safe
operating area.
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Reducing the inlet pipe length, fittings, valves, and elbows and
increasing the inlet pipe diameter reduces friction losses and increases
the NPSHA, as well as the safe operating area.
Reducing the pump speed decreases the output capacity and moves the
running point to a larger safe operating range.
UNIBLOC-PD
The illustration above shows an optimized system in which the inlet pressure required has been
reduced. The short, large diameter inlet pipe reduces friction from point B to C, which is very
important when highly viscous fluids are being pumped. In such cases a pump with a rectangular inlet,
which increases the inlet area, is also crucial to proper pump operation.
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UNIBLOC-PD
The system shown above illustrates the ability of the UNIBLOC pumps to lift liquids. The surface of
the liquid in the supply tank at left is located below the pump inlet and thus there is no energy to push
the liquid into the pump. Furthermore, an analysis of the total pressure loss from the tank to the pump
inlet will yield a negative Net Inlet Pressure Available (NIPA). As a result, a vacuum greater than the
negative NIPA must be created in the supply line (B-C) in order to lift the liquid and fill the pump.
Priming the pump in this manner may be accomplished by pressurizing the tank such that the negative
NIPA is reduced or a positive NIPA is created. The pump may also be run dry to create this vacuum.
The standard Class C rotors, or special low clearance rotors (i.e. polymer rotors), and specific shaft
seals must be used in this case. The priming ability can be improved if the pump has some fluid in it.
This creates a film of liquid between the rotors and the housing, filling the clearances and making the
pump more efficient. The chart at left shows how the pumps ability to create a low pressure at the
inlet improves the more liquid it initially has inside the housing.
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UNIBLOC-PD
3.
The UNIBLOC pump is a rotary lobe pump that moves fluid by creating a low pressure cavity at the inlet
side which draws fluid into the pump. The lobes, or rotors, then close the cavity as they turn in the housing.
As the rotors mesh at the outlet port the fluid is squeezed out of the pump.
The UNIBLOC pump delivers a constant volume over time, with very small pulsations. Other types
of positive displacement pumps, however, have great variations in the discharge flow which result in
pulsations with large amplitudes as found with peristaltic pumps or high frequency pulsations as is
common with gear or multi-lobe pumps.
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PERISTALTIC
PUMPS
12
GEARPUMPS
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The shape of the rotors in
the UNIBLOC pump has
been designed to maximize
its efficiency. The long arc
shape of the rotors makes a
long seal as it sweeps
around the rotor housing
cavity minimizing slip.
SLIP, or backflow, in a
rotary lobe pump is a
condition in which liquid
moves backwards from the
high pressure, outlet, side of
the pump to the low
pressure, inlet, side. To prevent galling and wear, the rotors have been designed such that they do not
touch each other, the housing, or the cover. A thin space is thus created through which fluid may
move. This movement of fluid is called slip and is an indication of the efficiency of a pump. A pump
with a higher rate of slip will have less output.
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The fluid that squeezes through these thin spaces is subject to high shear stress and may damage the
product if it is sensitive to such a stress. However, such degradation of the product can be minimized o
or eliminated with the proper pump size and speed.
The UNIBLOC pumps may also be used to meter low viscosity liquids if conditions are suitable. At
low pressures and high speed the percentage of slip is low compared to the actual amount that exits the
pump. Therefore, at a constant speed the pump will deliver a constant capacity which can be
determined by measuring the number of revolutions the pump shaft turns. The system should de
designed so that its pressure is also constant, as shown below.
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4.
16
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17
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FLUSHED SEALS
Seals provided with flush housings must be fitted with flushing systems that will cool and lubricate them,
otherwise the seals will NOT OPERATE CORRECTLY. The flushing system also provides a barrier of
protection between the environment and the pumped media. The o-ring and double o-lip seals may be
filled with a lubricating grease that is approved for contact with the pumped media instead of using the
following flushing systems. The piping arrangements and system components are recommended for
satisfactory operation of the seals and to insure containment of the pumped liquid.
FLUSH
OUTLET
FLUSH
INLET
CONTROL VALVE
(i.e diaphragm valve)
SHUT OFF
VALVE
FLUSH
OUTLET
PRESSURE
GAUGE
CHECK
VALVE
CONTROL VALVE
(i.e diaphragm valve)
PRESSURE
GAUGE
CHECK
VALVE
SHUT OFF
VALVE
FLUSH
INLET
FLUSH
OUTLET
CONTROL VALVE
(i.e diaphragm valve)
FLUSH
OUTLET
PRESSURE
GAUGE
CONTROL VALVE
(i.e diaphragm valve)
PRESSURE
GAUGE
CHECK
VALVE
SHUT OFF
VALVE
FLUSH
INLET
CHECK
VALVE
SHUT OFF
VALVE
FLUSH
INLET
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5.
SAFETY EQUIPMENT
RELIEF VALVE
RELIEF
VALVE
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PRESSURE SENSING DEVICES
Dial pressure and/or vacuum gauges installed at the inlet and outlet of the pump will provide a quick visual
indication of the status of the system. A pressure switch at the pump outlet is connected to the pumps
electric motor and will stop the motor in case the system pressure exceeds the set point of the switch.
Pressure transducers can be coupled to a variable frequency drive which can modulate the speed of the motor
and the pump thereby controlling the system pressure.
STRAINERS
Depending on their size, particles in a product can damage a pump. Open systems may also be at risk for the
introduction of foreign objects. A properly selected strainer mounted on the pumps inlet side will eliminate
any materials that could interfere with safe operation. Caution must be used, however, since the strainers
can fill with debris restricting or blocking flow to the pump.
ISOLATION VALVES
Shut off valves mounted on the inlet and outlet sides of the pump will isolate it from the system. The pump
can then be serviced or removed without having to empty the system.
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
PRESSURE GAUGE
FLOW
FLOW
STRAINER
SHUT OFF VALVE
CHECK VALVES
Check valves should be used to prevent backflow since the pumps, when stopped, will allow some liquid and
air to flow through it.
CHECK
VALVE
CHECK
VALVE
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UNIBLOC-PD
6.
The following section has been provided to give some brief guidelines when selecting a motor to drive
the UNIBLOC pumps. When making a motor selection the environment in which it will be operating
must be analyzed as its use may be restricted by government codes. The pumps typically operate
below
the base speeds of most motors and therefore require a speed reducer in conjunction with the
motor.
There are many types of arrangements to drive the pumps, but a direct drive type, shown below,
is most
recommended.
If a belt drive is to be used, a separate bearing support, as shown below, should be used to prevent
damage to the pump.
Drives may be divided into two groups, constant speed and variable speed.
Constant speed drives are most functional when achieving an exact flow is not critical. They can not
compensate for changes in system conditions. If the design capacity of the system is an absolute
minimum then the next higher motor speed should be selected. In such a case, the pumps output
capacity will increase, but so will the system pressure drop and required power. The system should be
reevaluated to insure that the pump will operate within its design parameters and that the motor can
supply the additional power. Constant speed drives with belts offer some flexibility to change
operating speeds by changing the size of the pulley or sheave.
Variable speed drives are used when the pumps output capacity must be exact. They are able to
compensate for system changes. Mechanical variable speed drives use belt or friction disc technology
to vary the speed of the motor. Hydraulic drives provide high torque capabilities over broad speed
ranges. Pneumatic motors provide a low cost variable speed alternative, but have speed adjustment
limitations. However, they are particularly useful when explosion proof requirements must be met.
Electronic variable speed drives vary the frequency supplied to the AC motor to change its speed.
They can provide a very wide and accurate range of operating speeds. However, attention must be
paid to torque requirements since the motor supplied torque changes with speed. An AC motor
produces the largest torque at its base frequency, normally 60 or 50 Hz. As frequency, or speed,
decreases, its output torque and power decreases linearly. At low speeds the motor may require
additional cooling or a motor with a higher power rating may have to be used. When the speed goes
above the base frequency, power remains constant, but torque decreases slowly.
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UNIBLOC-PD
7.
LA B TO P
LA B TO P
LA B TO P
LA B TO P
2
LA B TO P
300
350
LA B TO P
400
450
22
LA B TO P
300
350
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8.
UNIBLOC
MODEL
STAND.
CONN.
SIZE
CAPACITY
gallons/100 rev.
(liters/100 rev.)
MAX.
SPEED
(rpm)
MAX.
OPERATING
PRESSURE
psig (bar)
200
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
575
600
650
675
1/2 or 3/4
3/4
1
1
1.5
1.5
2
2.5
3
4
4 or 6
6
8
0 8 (3 1)
1.1 (4.2)
1.4 (5.3)
2.8 (10.6)
4.0 (15.1)
8.1 (30.7)
10.9 (41.3)
22.1 (83.6)
28.5 (108)
36.1 (137)
52.2 (198)
79.6 (301)
107 (405)
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
900
900
800
800
700
600
500
400
100 (6 9)
100 (6.9)
80 (5.5)
200 (13.8)
175 (12.1)
250 (17.2)
175 (12.1)
300 (20.7)
210 (14.5)
150 (10.3)
300 (20.7)
275 (19.0)
175 (12.1)
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UNIBLOC-PD
9.
3
5
24
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Torque = F (force) x L (length)
The torque is calculated using the following formulas.
T (in-lbs.) = hp x 5250 rpm x 12
T (Nm) = 0.746 x hp x 9550 rpm
This torque must not exceed the torque limit of the pump shaft
shown in the table below. If it does, then a larger pump must be
selected.
UNIBLOC MODEL
200
250
275
300
350
400
450
500
550
575
600
650
675
248 (28)
212 (24)
212 (24)
841 (95)
743 (84)
2,753 (311)
2,700 (305)
13,135 (1484)
12,612 (1425)
10,170 (1149)
33,633 (3800)
30,438 (3439)
22,074 (2494)
25
26
30 40 50
0
10
0
20
15
20
10
200
300
400
500
100
50
20
30
10
CAPACITY (gpm)
200
20
30
40
50
70
100
2
3
4
5 5
7
10
10
PRESSURE DROP
(psi)
50
500 1,000
5,000
10,000
50,000
100,000
2"
3"
PIPE SIZE/TYPE
Example:
1. Given 20 cps
2. Move up to pipe size/type (3")
3. Left to capacity (100 gpm)
4. Down to pipe length (200 ft.)
5. Right to give pressure drop (5 psi)
VISCOSITY (cps)
100
E
UL
RY
A
D
E 0
IT
N
CH 4 1.5"
SA 1" S
8"
6"
4"
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10. PIPE FRICTION LOSS CHART
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28
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40
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48
49
J
C
575
575
550
500
450
400
350
300
UNIBLOC
MODEL
275
250
200
200-0
UNIBLOC
MODEL
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50
675
650
600
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MODEL
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51
575
550
500
450
400
350
300
UNIBLOC
MODEL
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52
675
650 2
600
UNIBLOC
MODEL
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53
5751
5501
5001
4501
4001
3501
3001
UNIBLOC
MODEL
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54
675
650
600
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MODEL
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55
575
550
500
450
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MODEL
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56
675
650
600
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MODEL
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13.
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14.
PREPARED
FOR
Fluid Name
or Type
Fluid Viscosity
(cps)
Environment
Temperature
Max. Particle
Size
%
Solids
Operating
Capacity
Inlet
Pressure
Outlet
Pressure
Supply Pipe
Length
Supply Pipe
Size
Discharge Pipe
Length
Discharge Pipe
Size
Product
Temp.
Cleaning
Temp.
Type of
Cleanser
Seal Type
Required
Seal Material
Required
Horizontal or
Vertical Ports
Other Fluid
Characteristics
B
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