IN THE NAME OF GOD

Instrumentation Term Project

Supervised By: Dr. Hamid D. Taghirad

Magnetic position sensor

Ehsan Peymani
Golnaz Habibi

Magnetic Sensor

Feature of Magnetic Sensors

z Advantage

- Contact less

- Unaffected by Contamination
z Disadvantage

- affected by other magnetic field

Position sensing ( all types )

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Capacitive
Eddy current
Optical
Inductive
Resistive
Sonar
Laser
Magnetic

All Types of Magnetic Position Sensor

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Hall effect sensor

Magnetostrictive
Magnetoresistive
Base on Seismic theory
Reed switch
Synchro & Resolver
Inductosyn
Magnesyn
Magnetic encoder
LVDT & RVDT

Special application
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Compassing
GPS navigation
Vehicle detection

Special application

Compassing

Special application

Compassing

Special application

Compassing

Special application

GPS navigation

Special application

GPS navigation

Special application

Vehicle detection

Special application

Vehicle detection

Special application

Vehicle direction

Smart position sensor

Smart position sensor

Specifications :
9 Magnetostrictive LDT
9 Small & Inexpensive
9 Linearity+/- 0.05% of Stroke
9 Accuracy+/- 0.1% of Stroke
9 Repeatability+/- 0.01% of full stroke
9 Operating Temperature-20 to 70 C
9 Programmable

Hall Effect Sensor

Hall effect :
Dr. Edvin Hall , 1879
Johns Hopkins
University
Hall sensor :
Joe Maupin & Evertt
Vorthmann , 1965

Hall effect

General features
True solid state
Long life
High speed operation - over 100 kHz
possible
Operates with stationary input (zero speed)
No moving parts
Logic compatible input and output
Broad temperature range (-40 to +150C)
Highly repeatable operation

Hall effect

Theory

Hall effect

Theory

VH

K H BI
=
t

Hall effect

Theory

Hall effect

Conditional Circuit
S = 7

V
V

!!! Silicon exhibits the

piezoresistance effect

Hall effect

Conditional Circuit

Hall effect

Digital Hall sensors

Hall effect

Analog Hall sensors

Hall effect

Magnetic system

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Unipolar head-on mode

Unipolar slide-by mode
Bipolar slide-by mode
Bipolar slide-by mode (ring magnet)
Jump to Application

Hall effect

Magnetic system
Unipolar head-on mode
Nonlinear
Accuracy medium

Hall effect

Magnetic system
Unipolar slide-by mode
Nonlinear
Accuracy low
Symmetric

Hall effect

Magnetic system
Bipolar slide-by mode
Accuracy medium
Dissymmetry

Hall effect

Magnetic system

Hall effect

Magnetic system
Bipolar slide-by mode
(ring magnet)

Hall effect

Magnetic system comparison chart

Hall effect

Application Vane operated position sensors

Hall effect

Application Vane operated position sensors

Hall effect

Application Other in position

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Sequence sensor
Proximity sensor
Office machine sensors
Multiple position sensor
Anti-skid sensor
Piston detection sensor

Hall effect

Application Sequence sensor

Back

Hall effect

Application Proximity sensor

Back

Hall effect

Application Office machine sensors

Back

Hall effect

Application Multiple position sensor

Back

Hall effect

Application Anti-skid sensor

Back

Hall effect

Application Piston detection sensor

Back

Magnetostrictive sensors
Invent at 1970
MTS Temposonic
technology

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

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Manetostrictive effect
Villari effect
Wiedemann effect

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

Manetostrictive effect

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

Villari effect

Reverse of Magnetoestrictive

applying stress to a
magnetostrictive material

changes its magnetic

properties

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

Wiedemann effect

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

The operation

Theory of Magnetostrictive sensors

The operation

Magnetostriction sensors

Features

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Non contact
Absolute
10 mm ~ 20 m
Nonlinearity < 0.02%

Magnetostriction sensors

Comparison

Magnetostriction sensors

Application

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission

Automotive Suspensions
Automotive Steering
Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed
Medical Infusion Pump
Medical Dental Chairs
Tractor Steering
Commercial Appliance Damping
Automotive Tank Levels
Construction Equipment

Magnetostriction sensors
Application Automated (Robotic) ManualTrans ission

Back

Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Automotive Suspensions

Back

Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Automotive Steering

Back

Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Medical Hospital and Home Care Bed

Back

Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Medical Infusion Pump

Back

Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Medical Dental Chairs

Back

Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Tractor Steering

Back

Magnetostriction sensors
Application - Commercial Appliance Damping

Back

Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Construction Equipment

Back

Magnetostriction sensors

Application - Automotive Tank Levels

Back

Magnetoresistive sensors
Invent at 1856
William Thompson
Lord Kelvin

Magnetoresistive sensors

All types

Anisotropic Magnetoresistive (AMR)

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR)

Colossal Magnetoresistance (CMR)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Theory of AMR

Magnetoresistive sensors

Theory of AMR

cos 2

Barber Pole Bias

Magnetoresistive sensors

Theory of AMR

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1501)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Operation of AMR (HMC1512)

Magnetoresistive sensors

Typical application

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Cylinder position sensing in pneumatic cylinders

Elevator sensor
Lid sensor for laptop computers
Position sensor for materials handling equipment
(lift trucks)
Blood analyzer
Magnetic encoders

Magnetoresistive sensors

Comparision of Hall effect & MR technologies

Magnetoresistive sensors

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR)

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Observe at 1988
Magnetoresistivity > 70%

Magnetoresistive sensors

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Theory

Magnetoresistive sensors

Giant Magnetoresistive (GMR) - Application

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Proximity Detection
Displacement Sensing
Rotational Reference Detection

Colossal Magnetoresistive (CMR)

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Observe at 1988
Magnetoresistivity > 1000% ~ 10000000%

Magnetoresistive sensors

Comparison

Reed switch

Reed switch

Structure

Reed switch

Advantages

Long life
Small size
Very sensitive to magnetic fields
Has no leakage current or voltage drop
Very inexpensive
Highly repeatable operation
High immunity to dirt and contamination
Zero power consumption

Reed switch

Disadvantages

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It is electronically noisy
Slow response time
Large amount of hysteresis

Synchro & Resolver

A device called
Selsyn was
developed at 1925

Synchro

Theory

Synchro is variable rotary transformer.

Synchro

Classification

Transmitter

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Control
Torque

Synchro

Classification

Receiver

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Control
Torque

Synchro

Classification

Differential Transmitter

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Control
Torque

Synchro

Classification

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Control
Torque

Synchro

Advantages

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The controlling unit can be along distance from the

controlled unit.
Low consumption.
Eliminates the necessity of mechanical linkage.
Continues accurate and visual information.
Good reliability and minimum maintenances .
Small and light.
Very fast.

Resolver

Resolver

Theory

Signal Conditioning
Resolver-To-Digital Converter(RTD /RDC)
z Basic
z Undersampling
z Oversampling

RTD

Basic

RTD

Undersampling

RTD

Undersampling

RTD

Oversampling

Oversampling

TMS320F240

Resolver

Advantages
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Accurate Absolute Position Sensor

Small size
Well-suited to severe industrial environments
Not require ohmic contact.
High reliability

Synchro& Resolver

Application

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Naval weapons
Radar antennas
Aerospace
Robotics

Inductosyns

Inductosyns types
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Linear inductosyn
Rotary inductosyn

Linear inductosyns

inductosyns

Specification

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Use RTD for signal conditioning

Linear resolution is 5microinch.
angular resolution is less than 0.9 arc
seconds
relatively expensive
very high accurate
very reliable

inductosyns

Advantages & Disadvantages

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Accurate
Small size
Well-suited to severe industrial
environments
Not require ohmic contact
High reliability but relatively expensive

Magnesyn

Magnesyn

Structure

Magnetic encoder

All types

LVDT & RVDT

End of World War II

Linear Variable Differential

Transformer(LVDT)

PRECISION ABSOLUTE VALUE CIRCUIT

(FULL-WAVE RECTIFIER)

LVDT & RVDT

Comparison

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LVDT
Measurement ranges are 100m to 25cm
Sensitivity is 2.4mv per volt per degree of rotation
Input voltages are from 1V to 24V RMS, with frequencies 50Hz0kHz
RVDT
Typical RVDTs are linear over a range of about 40
Sensitivity is 2 to 3mV per volt per degree of rotation
Input voltages in the range of 3V RMS at frequencies between
400Hz and 20kHz.

LVDT

Advantages
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Infinite Resolution
High accuracy and sensitivity
Excellent linearity ( 0.5%)
A wide variety of measurement ranges

Application
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Modern Machine-tool
Robotics
Avionics & aircraft
Process control industry
Torpedo, and weapons
systems.

Thank you