II -3-2 in the soil friction angle

N value of the sand layer and the friction angle f Relationship shown by the
following empirical formula obtained.

Meyerhof (1956):

Meyerhof's had relationships with internal friction angle relative density is

obtained as follows:
f = 25 + 0.15Dr (coarse soil containing more than 5% of fine sand or silt
person)
f = 30 + 0.15Dr (5% or less of the sand or silt soils are coarse-containing)
Meyerhof's proposal for N values of the relative density Dr sand and internal friction
angle as shown in the relationship between the "Table 2-3-3."
Table 2-3-3 N value of the relative density Dr Sand and internal friction angle f Relationship

Sandy soil properties

Very loose (Very
loose)
Loose (Loose)
Medium close
(Compacet)
Close (Dense)
Very close (Very
dense)

Relative
density
(Dr,%)

N value

Angle of
internal
friction
( )

<20

<4

20 ~ 40
40 ~ 60

4 to 10
10 to 30

30 to 35

60 ~ 80
> 80

30 ~ 50
> 50

40 to 45

<30

35 ~ 40

> Forty five

Dunham (1954):

Dunham according to shape, and distribution of sand particles, we recommend

that the value of N and the friction angle relationship as follows:
Circular particle distribution
Good round particle distribution
Particle angular distribution
Good angular particle distribution