Professional Documents
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TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010
1.1. Gii thiu:
Microsoft Access l mt thnh phn trong b Microsoft Office ca
hng Microsoft. MS Access cung cp cho ngi dng giao din
thn thin v cc thao tc n gin, trc quan trong vic xy dng
v qun tr c s d liu cng nh xy dng cc ng dng c s d
liu.
Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu quan h (RDMS- Relational
Database Management System), rt ph hp cho cc bi ton qun
l va v nh. Hiu nng cao v c bit d s dng do giao din
ging cc phn mm khc trong b MS Office nh MS Word, MS
Excel.
Access cn cung cp h thng cng c pht trin kh mnh i km
(Development Tools) gip cc nh pht trin phn mm n gin
trong vic xy dng trn gi cc d n phn mm qun l qui m
va v nh
MS Access 2010 cung cp h thng cng c rt mnh, gip ngi
dng nhanh chng v d dng xy dng chng trnh ng dng
thng qua query, form, report kt hp vi mt s lnh Visual Basic.
Trong Microsoft Access 2010, bn c th xy dng c s d liu
web v a chng ln cc SharePoint site. Ngi duyt SharePoint
c th s dng ng dng c s d liu ca bn trong mt trnh
duyt web, s dng SharePoint xc nh ai c th xem nhng g.
Nhiu ci tin mi h tr kh nng a d liu ln web, v cng
cung cp li ch trong vic xy dng c s d liu trn my n
truyn thng.
Access 2010 giao din ngi dng cng thay i. Nu bn
khng quen vi Office Access 2007, Ribbon v Ca s Danh mc
chnh c th l mi cho bn. Thanh Ribbon ny thay th cc menu
v thanh cng c t phin bn trc. Ca s Danh mc chnh thay
th v m rng cc chc nng ca ca s Database.
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Commands hoc
click phi trn
thanh
Quick
Access
chn
Customize Quick
Access Toolbar.
thm nt lnh
vo Quick Access,
bn chn lnh
trong khung choose
commands from,
click nt Add click OK.
Thanh
Ribbon
c to bi nhiu
tab khc nhau,
truy cp vo mt
tab bn c th click
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trn nhn ca tab hoc dng phm tt. Nhn phm Alt hoc F10
hin th tn ca cc phm tt ca cc tab.
Hu ht cc tab trn Ribbon c chia thnh tng nhm khc nhau,
mi nhm hin th tiu con bn di ca nhm. Mt s nhm
trong Ribbon c hin th nt
, khi click nt ny s xut hin ca
s cho php thit lp cc thuc tnh ca nhm tng ng.
1.3.4. Ca s Properties
Ca s Properties gip bn c th
hiu chnh thuc tnh ca i
tng, ty theo i tng ang
c chn m ca s thuc tnh
s cha nhng thuc tnh tng
ng ca i tng .
m ca s Properties, bn
chn i tng mun thay i
thuc tnh, chn tab Design hoc
nhn t hp phm Atl +Enter
Ca s Properties c chia
thnh nm nhm
Format: Gm cc thuc tnh
nh dng i tng
Data: Gm cc thuc tnh truy sut d liu ca i tng.
Event: Gm cc s kin (event) ca i tng.
Other: Gm cc thuc tnh gip bn to h thng menu,
toolbars,
All: Gm tt c cc thuc tnh trong bn nhm trn.
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1.5.1. Recent:
Mc Recent hin th
danh sch cc tp tin c
s d liu c m gn
nht. S tp tin hin th
trong danh sch ny mc
nh l 9, c th thay i
bng cch:
Ti ca s lm vic
ca Access, chn
tab File.
Chn
Options
Client Settings
Trong mc Display,
thay i gi tr ca
thuc tnh Show
This Number Of
Recent Documents
Click OK.
1.5.2. M mt c s d liu:
m mt c s d liu c ta thc hin mt trong cc cch sau:
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Cch 1:
Ti ca s khi ng, trong tab File Open
Chn tp tin c s d liu cn mOpen.
Cch 2:
Double click vo tn tp tin cn m.
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1.5.5. To password
M c s d liu ch
Exclusive bng
cch: File Open
Open Exclusive.
Chn tab File Chn
lnh Info Click nt
set Database Password
Nhp Password 2 ln
OK
1.5.6. G b password
M c s d liu ch Exclusive: File Open Open
Exclusive
Trong tab File, chn lnh InfoClick nt UnSet Database
Password.
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1.6.4. Bo co (Reports):
Report l cng c gip ngi dng to cc kt xut d liu t cc
bng, sau nh dng v sp xp theo mt khun dng cho trc
v c th in ra mn hnh hoc my in.
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1.7.1. To mi mt i tng:
Click tab Create trn thanh Ribbon.
Trong nhm cng c ca tng i tng,
chn cch to tng ng.
1.7.4. Xa mt i tng.
Click phi chut trn i tng cn xa,
Chn mc delete trn Menu Popup.
Hoc chn ri nhn phm Delete. Hoc nt
c.
1.7.5. i tn i tng
Click phi chut trn i tng, chn rename,
Hoc nhn F2
Nhp tn mi.
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XY DNG C S D LIU
Xy dng c s d liu l cng vic quan trng u tin trong ton
b qui trnh pht trin mt ng dng trn Access. Mt c s d liu
c thit k v xy dng tt s l nhng thun li trong qu trnh
pht trin ng dng.
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V d:
Bng SINHVIEN, lu tr thng tin ca i tng sinh vin,
gm cc field MASV, HOSV, TENSV, PHAI, NGAYSINH,
DIACHI, MALOP.
Record
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Kha ngoi
Kha chnh
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t tr trong bn di Field
mi (Click to Add), sau
chn mt trong cc kiu d
liu trong nhm Add &
Delete trn thanh Ribbon.
Hoc click chut trn Click to
Add, chn kiu d liu trong
menu. C th click nt More
Fields chn cc kiu d
liu khc.
Nhp tn cho Field mi.
To Field tnh ton:
Khi thit kt bng
ch DataSheet
View, bn c th to
mt Field mi m n
l kt qu ca mt
biu thc tnh ton t
cc Field trc, bng
cch:
Click tiu Click
to Add ca Field
mi nh hnh trn.
Chn lnh Calculated Field, xut hin ca s Expression
Builder
Nhp biu thc tnh ton.
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Data Type
Kiu d liu
D liu
Text
Kch thc
Vn bn
Ti a 255 k t
Vn bn nhiu dng, nhiu
Ti a 65.535 k
Memo
trang
t
Kiu s (bao gm s nguyn v
s thc). dng thc hin tnh
1, 2, 4, hoc 8
Number
ton, cc nh dng d liu
byte
kiu s c thit lp trong
Control Panel.
D liu kiu Date v Time. Cc
nh dng ca d liu
Date/Time
8 byte
Date/Time c thit lp trong
Control Panel.
Currency
Kiu tin t, mc nh l $.
8 byte
Access s t ng tng tun t
hoc ngu nhin khi mt mu
AutoNumber
4 byte
tin mi c to, khng th
xa, sa.
Kiu lun l (Boolean). Ch
Yes/no
chp nhn d liu c gi tr
1bit
Yes/No, True/False, On/Off
D liu l cc i tng c
OLE Object
Ti a 1 GB
to t cc phn mm khc.
HyperLink
D liu ca field l cc link.
Lookup Wizard khng phi l
kiu d liu, m l chc nng
Lookup
to mt danh sch m gi tr
Wizard
ca n c nhp bng tay
hoc c tham chiu t mt
bng khc trong c s d liu.
Attachment
nh km d liu t cc chng
trnh khc, nhng bn khng th
nhp vn bn hoc d liu s.
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2.5.3. Format:
Quy nh dng hin th ca d liu trn mn hnh hoc ra my in,
ph thuc vo kiu d liu. C th chn cc nh dng do Access
cung cp sn hoc to mt chui k t nh dng ring.
a) nh dng kiu d liu Text
Cc k t nh dng kiu d liu Text
K t nh dng
Tc dng
@
>
<
chui k t
\<k t>
[Black] [White] [Red] [Green]
[Blue] [Yellow] [Magenta]
[Cyan]
Chui k t
i ton b k t ra ch hoa
i ton b k t ra ch thng
Chui k t gia 2 du nhy
K t nm sau du \
Mu (k hiu mu theo sau mt
trong cc k t nh dng chui
pha trn)
V d:
nh dng
@@@-@@-@@@
>
<
D liu nhp
12345678
L T Trng
L T Trng
Hin th
123-45-678
L T TRNG
l t trng
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V d:
Dng
General Number
Currency
Fixed
Standard
Percent
Scientific
D liu nhp vo
1234.5
1234.5
1234.5
1234.5
0.123
1234.5
Hin th
1234.5
$1,234.50
1234.5
1,234.5
12.30%
1.23E+03
Tc dng
Du chm thp phn
Du phn cch ngn
S (0-9)
S hoc khong trng (blank)
Du $
Phn trm
S dng khoa hc
Khong trng
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+ Cc k t nh dng:
ngha
ng/Sai
ng/Sai
ng/Sai
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Chui k t nh dng kiu yes/no gm 3 phn: First; Second;
Third.
Hin th
Field (True)
Field (Fasle)
Nam
N
Bin ch
ngha
V tr bt buc nhp, k t s t 0-9, khng cho
php nhp du.
Khng bt buc nhp, k t s hoc khong
trng, khng cho php nhp du.
Nhp s 0-9, khong trng, du + -, khng bt
buc nhp.
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V d:
Input Mask
> L0L0L0
>L<??
D liu
T2A3B4
Mai
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Cch to:
Trong ca s thit
k bng, ti field
mun to Lookup
Wizard, ct Data
type
chn
Lookup Wizard.
Xut hin ca s
Lookup Wizard,
vi hai ty chn
tng ng vi hai
cch to danh
sch cho lookup field.
Nu chn d liu ngun cho field bng cch ly gi tr t
Table hoc Query khc th chn ty chn I want the
lookup field to get the values from another table or query
v click next.
Chn bng hoc query cung cp gi tr cho lookup field,
click Next.
Chn field cha danh sch gi tr cho lookup field, click
Next.
Chn field sp xp, click next.
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2.5.9. AllowZeroLength:
Quy nh field c kiu text hay Memo c th c (yes) hoc khng
c (no) chui c di Zero. Nu field l field kho th thuc tnh
ny l No.
Ch :
Cn phn bit field c gi tr null (trng cha c d liu) v mt
field cha chui c di l zero ( l chui ). Khi hin th ra
mn hnh c hai c hnh thc ging nhau.
2.5.11. Caption:
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nhp record mi
Khi nhp d liu phi nhp theo tng Record, d liu nhp
vo phi tha mn cc thuc tnh ca bng v thuc tnh ca
field khi thit k bng. Nu d liu khng tha mn th
Access s thng bo li.
i vi field c kiu d liu OLE object:
Ti v tr nhp, click chut phi,
Chn Insert - Object.
Chn Create New nu mun to i tng mi.
Chn Create from file nu mun ly i tng t tp tin
trn a (thng l hnh nh) chn file cn s dng.
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Nu l ln u tin (CSDL
cha c quan h) th hp thoi
Show Tables s xut hin.
Nu khng c ca s Show
Table th Click nt Show
Table trn thanh Ribbon.
Tab Tables: hin th tt c
cc bng trong c s d
liu
Tab Queries: hin th cc truy vn to trong c s d
liu.
Tab Both: hin th tt c Table v Query.
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Lu :
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Click nt
trn nhm
Text Formatting s xut
hin ca s Datasheet
Formatting cho php bn
hiu chnh cc thuc tnh
ca Datasheet nh mu
nn , mu li,
b) Thay i rng ct: Khi
to bng bng Datasheet
View th Access to bng
vi cc ct c rng mc nh, nu rng ca ct qu
nh s lm cho d liu b che khut. thay i rng ca
ct ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
Cch 1: t tr ng bin bn phi ca ct, khi tr c
dng mi tn 2
chiu th drag
chut thay
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i rng ca ct.
Cch 2: Click phi trn
tn ca ct mun thay
i rng v chn
Field width. Nhp kch
thc ca ct vo
Column Width.
c) Thay i v tr ct:
Click vo tiu ct.
Drag thay i v tr ct (chut vn ang ti tiu ct).
d) Che du (Hide column) v hin th (Unhide column)ct:
Chn ct mun n.
Trn thanh Ribbon, trong
nhm lnh Records,
click nt More, chn
lnh Hide fields.
Mun hin th ti ct b
n, ta lm tng t nh
thao tc n ct, nhng
trong menu lnh ca nt
More ta chn lnh
Unhide fields.
e) C nh v b c nh ct:
Chn ct cn c nh.
Trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Records, click nt
More, chn lnh Freeze Fields.
Ngc li, mun b c nh ct ta chn lnh UnFreeze All
Fields.
f) Thay i chiu cao dng:
t con tr vo ng bin ca dng sao cho xut hin mi
tn 2 chiu, Drag thay i chiu cao ca dng.
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2.9.2. Sp xp
a) Sp xp theo mt field
t tr ti field cha d liu cn sp xp
Click nt sort Ascending
Descending
(sp xp gim dn) trong nhm lnh sort &
Filter trn thanh Ribbon.
b) Sp xp theo nhiu fields
sp xp theo nhiu field,
trong nhm lnh sort &
Filter trn thanh Ribbon,
click nt lnh Advanced
filter options
Chn lnh
Filter/Sort
Advanced
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b) Thay th:
Trong ca s Find and Replace, nu mun thay th cc gi tr
c tm thy bng mt gi tr khc ta chn tab Replace.
2.9.4. Lc d liu
a) Filter by selection
Filter by selection gip bn chn ra nhng Record da trn
mt gi tr hin hnh. Cch thc hin:
t tr ti field cha gi
tr lc, chn gi tr lm
iu kin lc.
Click nt lnh Seletion
trong nhm lnh Sort &
Filter trn thanh Ribbon.
Chn mt trong cc lnh trong menu:
Equals : lc cc records
c gi tr bng vi gi tr
c chn.
Does Not Equal: lc cc
records c gi tr khc vi
gi tr c chn.
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Chng 3
TON T -HM -BIU THC
Trong Access khi x l d liu th cn n cc
3.1. Ton t
3.1.1. Ton t s hc
Ton t
+
*
/
\
Mod
^
M t
Cng 2 ton hng
Tr 2 ton hng
Nhn 2 ton hng
Chia 2 ton hng
Php chia nguyn
Chia ly phn d
Ly tha
V d
[lng]+[thng]
[lng]-[tm ng]
[h s]*[lng cb]
15.2/2
5\2
5Mod 2
4^2
V d
M t
="MN"
<
<10
<=
<=10
>
>10
>=
>=10
<>
<>10
M t
V d
And
Or
Hoc
Not
Not True
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V d
BETWEEN
BETWEEN #1/1/99#
AND #12/31/99#
LIKE
LIKE "S*"
IS NULL
IS NULL
ngha
Tm nhng record c
gi tr trong khong
1/1/99 v 12/31/99.
Tm nhng record
cha text c bt u
bng k t "S."
Tm nhng record c
gi tr rng
Tm nhng record c
gi tr trong danh sch
lit k.
V d
Nguyn & & An Nguyn An.
Nguyn + + An Nguyn An.
3.2. Hm
3.2.1. Hm x l kiu d liu Text
Hm
Left(string, n)
ngha
Trch t bn tri
ca string , n k t
V d
Left(ABC, 2)
Right(string, n)
Trch ra t bn
phi ca string, n
k t
Mid(string, m, n)
Trch ra t string,
Mid(ABC,2,1)
ti v tr m , n k t
Len(string)
Tr v chiu di
ca string
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Right(ABC, 2)
Len(ABC)
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nh dng biu
Format(Date(), ddthc theo cc dng
mm-yyyy )
thc thch hp.
Tr v phin bn ch hoa ca
UCase(Lan)
mt chui.
Tr v phin bn
ch thng ca
LCase(Lan)
mt chui.
Chuyn mt s
Str(123.45)
thnh mt chui.
Chuyn mt chui
Val(123.45)
thnh mt s
Format(exp)
UCase(exp)
LCase(exp)
Str(exp)
Val(exp)
3.2.2. Hm ngy gi
Hm
Date()
ngha
Hm tr v kt qu l
ngy hin hnh ca
my.
V d
Date()
Day(exp)
Day(#6/12/2010#)
Month(exp)
Tr v kt qu l thng
trong biu thc ngy
Month(#6/12/2010#)
Year(exp)
Tr v kt qu l nm
trong biu thc ngy
Year(#6/12/2010#)
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3.2.3. Hm iu kin
IIf(<Biu thc iu kin>, <gi tr 1>, <gi tr 2>)
Hm IIF tr v mt trong 2 gi tr: gi tr 1 hoc gi tr 2, ty
thuc vo gi tr ca Biu thc iu kin.
Biu thc iu kin: l mt biu thc logic cho kt qu l
True hoc False.
Gi tr 1: gi tr tr v ca hm IIF nu Biu thc iu kin
c gi tr l true.
Gi tr 2: gi tr tr v ca hm IIF nu Biu thc iu kin
c gi tr l false
V d:
IIF([im]>=5, u, Rt)
3.2.4. Hm c s d liu
Hm Dcount: m s Record trong phm vi xc nh theo
iu kin. Mc nh, hm khng m cc record c gi tr
Null. Nu dng k t i din *, hm s m cc record
c gi tr Null.
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Chng 4
QUERY-TRUY VN D LIU
4.1. Khi nim
Mc ch chnh ca mt c s d liu l lu tr v trch lc thng
tin. Thng tin c th c ly t c s d liu ngay lp tc sau khi
d liu c thm vo. Tt nhin, ly thng tin t cc bng c s
d liu i hi kin thc v cch thc m c s d liu c thit
k.
Query l cc cu lnh SQL (Structured Query Language - ngn ng
truy vn mang tnh cu trc) l mt loi ngn ng ph bin to,
hiu chnh, v truy vn d liu t mt c s d liu quan h.
Trong access, Query l mt cng c mnh dng khai thc v x
l d liu, p ng cc nhu cu tra cu d liu, gm cc loi query:
simple select queries, parameter queries, crosstab queries v action
queries.
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Table/Query pane
Li QBE
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[Ngaylaphd]=#01/01/08#
<
[Ngaylaphd]<#01/01/08#
<=
Year([ngaysinh])<=1980
>
[soluong]>50
>=
[dongia]>=100
<>
Between and
[donvitinh]<>Kg
Like
Is null
In(v1, v2, )
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Field ly t bng
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Tn Lp
Cao ng Tin Hc 1A
Cao ng Tin Hc 1A
Cao ng Tin Hc 1A
Cao ng Tin Hc 1A
Cao ng Tin Hc 1B
Cao ng Tin Hc 1B
Cao ng Tin Hc 1B
Cao ng Tin Hc 1B
Cao ng Tin Hc 1B
Cao ng Tin Hc 2A
Cao ng Tin Hc 2A
Cao ng Tin Hc 2A
Cao ng Tin Hc 2A
M SV
A101
A102
A103
A104
B101
B102
B103
B104
B105
A201
A202
A203
A204
Count
Group by
TongsoSV
4
5
4
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ngha
Nhm cc record c gi tr ging nhau ti mt
s field c ch nh thnh mt nhm.
Tnh tng cc gi tr trong mt nhm record ti
field c ch nh.
Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr trong mt nhm
record ti field c ch nh.
Tm gi tr ln nht trong nhm record ti field
c ch nh.
Tm gi tr nh nht trong nhm record ti field
c ch nh.
m s record trong nhm.
Tm gi tr u tin trong nhm ti ct c ch
nh.
Tm gi tr cui cng trong cc gi tr trn ct
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ca nhm.
Expression Dng cho field cha biu thc tnh ton.
Dng cho field cha iu kin dng lc
Where
Record trc khi tnh ton v khng hin th
trong kt qu.
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Chn field lm
Row heading trong
khung
Available
Fields
Click nt > chn
field.
Click Next.
Chn field lm
column
heading
Next.
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Value
Row heading
Column heading
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Cch to:
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon, chn
tab Create.
Trong nhm lnh Queries click nt Query Wizard.
Trong ca s New Query chn Find Unmatched query
Wizard OK.
Xut hin ca s Find Unmatched query wizard.
Chn bng 1 l bng cha cc record cn tm Next
Chn bng n l bng cha record quan h Next
V d: tm nhng sinh vin cha thi, bng 1 l bng
SINHVIEN, bng n l bng KETQUA, field quan h l field
MASV
Chn
field
quan h gia
hai bng
Next.
Chn cc field
hin th trong
kt quNext.
Nhp tn cho
query Finish.
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b) Cch to
Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn
tab Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query
Design.
Chn cc bng cha
d liu mun cp
nht.
Thanh
Ribbon
chuyn sang tab Design
Trong nhm lnh Query Type, Click nt Update, Trong li
thit k xut hin dng Update to.
Chn field cha d liu cn cp nht v cc field cha iu
kin.
Ti field cha d liu mun cp nht v trn dng Update to
ta nhp biu thc cp nht d liu.
Nu ng click yes.
Xem kt qu trong bng cha d liu Update.
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Chng 5
FORM-BIU MU
5.1. Gii thiu
Form l giao din chnh dng giao tip gia ngi dng v ng
dng, form c s dng nhp d liu, xem thng tin, chnh sa
d liu, hin th thng bo, iu khin ng dng,
thit k form cn phi chn d liu ngun cho form, d liu
ngun ca form c th l table hoc query. Nu d liu ngun l
cc field trn mt bng th ly bng lm d liu ngun, nu d
liu ngun l cc field trn nhiu bng th phi to query lm d
liu ngun cho form.
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chn tt c cc field
trong Table/Query
d liu ngun, c th
chn nhiu fields
trn nhiu bng.
Click Next.
Chn dng form gm
cc dng:
Columnar.
Tabular.
Datasheet
Click Next.
Nhp tiu cho form Finish.
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b) Design view
Khi thit k form bng Design view th cc control khi th
vo form n khng t ng canh theo hng v ct nh Blank
Form.
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Cch to:
Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Design View
trong nhm lnh Forms.
Xut hin mt form trng ch Design view.
Drag chut ko cc field t field list vo form.
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5.3.3. Xa mt record
Di chuyn n record cn xa.
Trong nhm lnh Record trn thanh
Ribbon, chn lnh Delete Chn
Delete Record. Tuy nhin khi xa
record phi xem xt nh hng n
cc Record quan h.
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Tn
Textbox
Label
Button
Tab
Hyperlink
Web
Browser
Navigation
Option
group
Page Break
ngha
C 2 loi
Bound control: cha ni dung ca
field
Unbound control: khng c d liu
ngun, thng dng nhp cng
thc tnh ton.
S dng to nhn hoc hyperlink
Nt lnh dng thc hin lnh khi click
Hin th d liu thnh tng nhm trn
nhiu tab khc nhau.
To hyperlink
Ca s trnh duyt
Tab dng hin th From hoc Report
trong c s d liu.
Nhm cc ty chn
Ngt trang
Char
Line
V ng thng
Combo box
Toggle
button
List box
Rectangle
Check box
Unbound
object frame
Attachment
Option
button
Subform/
Subreport
Bound
object frame
Image
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m n khng c lu tr trong field ca
bng
S dng cho nhng field c kiu
Attachment
L mt thnh phn ca option group
Dng to subform hoc subreport
Cho php nhng cc i tng t cc
phn mm khc nh: graph, picture,
m n c lu tr trong field ca bng
Hnh loi Bitmap
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b) To bng design
Tt nt Control Wizard.
Click nt Option group trong nhm Controls v vo form.
Chn loi Option v vo trong khung ca Option group.
M Properties Sheet ca Option group v thit lp cc thuc
tnh sau:
Control source: chn field cha d liu ngun cho
option group.
Ln lt chn tng option v gn gi tr cho thuc
tnh option value.
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chn
field hoc
click nt
Chn field sp xp
(c th b qua),
mc nh cc field
c sp xp,
click Next.
iu chnh rng
ca ct d liu
trong combo box.
Hide key column
(recommended): n
hoc hin ct kha.
Mc nh mc
Hide key column
c chn (ct
kha b n), nu
mun combo box
hin th field kha th b check, click Next.
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nhn
box,
cho
click
b) To bng Design:
Tt nt wizard.
Click nt combo box trong nhm Controls drag chut v vo
form.
S dng Properties Sheet thit lp cc thuc tnh sau:
Thuc tnh
ngha
Chn field d liu ngun ca Combo box
ControlSource
(list box).
RowSource
Loi d liu ngun: Table, Query, Field list,
Type
Value list
Gi tr ca ct c tr v khi chn mt mc
BoundColumn
chn trong combo box (list box).
ColumnCount S ct hin th trong combo box (list box).
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RowSource
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control
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Trong :
SubformName: l tn ca Subform
ControlName_inSubform: tn ca tnh ton tng hp d
liu trong Subform.
V d:
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khung
chn
Form
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Chng 6
REPORT - BO CO
6.1. Gii thiu
Report l cng c to cc bo co, kt xut d liu ra mn hnh
hoc my in cung cp mt hard copy ca d liu.
Ging nh form, d liu ngun ca report c th l bng hoc l
query. Report cung cp mt cch linh hot nht xem v in thng
tin tng hp. N hin th thng tin chi tit theo mc m ngi
dng mong mun, cho php bn xem hoc in thng tin theo nhiu
nh dng khc nhau.
C 4 loi Report c bn:
Tabular reports.
Columnar reports.
Mailing-label reports.
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Chn field m bn
mun sp xp d liu
cho report. C th sp
xp kt qu trong
report bng cch kt
hp ti a l 4 field.
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Page header
Page footer
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6.3.3. SubReport
Subreport c tc dng tng t nh Report grouping. S khc bit
duy nht l to cc report trong hai phn ring bit: Main Report v
SubReport.
Main Report
SubReport
Cch to:
To Main Report, d liu ngun thng l bng cha.
To Sub Report, d liu ngun phi cha field lin kt vi
Main Report.
a Sub Report vo Main Report c th dng cng c
SubForm/SubReport trong nhm lnh Controls.
Thit lp thuc tnh Link child Fields v Link master Fields.
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Nu d liu c quan
h 1-n th access t
phn nhmNext.
Chn thm field kt
nhm th hai nu c
yu cu (hin th hai
quan h 1-n), nu
khng th click Next.
Nu trong report c
cha field c d liu
kiu s th trong ca
s bc ny xut
hin nt Summary
Option
Click nt Summary
Options chn
php thng k.
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Cc php thng k
gm: Sum, Avg, Min,
Max.
Trong mc Show c hai
ty chn
Detail
and
Summary: hin th
chi tit v thng
k d liu.
Summary
Only:
ch hin th
thng k d liu.
Chn xong click OK v click Next tip tc.
Chn Layout cho report,
c ba dng Layout:
Steped: tiu ca
ct lp li u ca
mi trang.
Block v Ouline:
tiu ca ct lp
li
trong
tng
nhm.
Orientation: chn hng
giy in.
Portrait: trang ng.
Landscape: trang ngang.
Chn xong click Next, nhp tiu cho report, click Finish.
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Width
Height
Back Color
Special Effect
Border Style
Border Color
Border Width
Fore Color
Font Name
Font Weight
Font Italic
Font Underline
Text Align
6.5.3.
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Xc nh rng ca control.
Xc nh chiu cao ca control.
Chn mu nn ca control. Click nt
chn mu.
Chn hiu ng 3-D cho control.
Ch nh kiu ng vin ca control
transparent lines, solid lines, dashed
lines
Mu ng vin.
rng ca ng vin.
Ch nh mu cho vn bn trong cc
control.
Chn font ch.
Ch m.
Ch nghing.
Gch di.
Canh l cho vn bn trong control.
nh dng d liu
a) To ct s th t
Khi to report c dng danh sch, ngoi cc field trong c s d
liu, ta c th to thm ct s th t cho danh sch:
M report ch design.
To mt textbox trong phn detail
Nhp ni dung cho textbox =1
Click phi trn textbox properties chn tab Data.
Ti thuc tnh Running Sum: chn kiu nh s th t.
No: khng nh s th t
Over Group: nh s th t theo nhm, dng cho
report c phn nhm.
Over All: nh s th t trn ton b danh sch, dng
cho report khng phn nhm.
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V d:
nh du nhng sinh vin c im trung bnh <5, vi nh dng
nn xanh ch trng.
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Chng 7
MACRO TP LNH
7.1. Gii thiu
Mt macro l mt tp hp ca mt hoc nhiu hnh ng thc hin
chnh xc theo mt trnh t t trn xung phc v cc yu cu
thao tc trn cc i tng trong c s d liu.
Mt macro gip bn thc hin cc cng vic hng ngy bng cch
t ng ha chng. Thay v thc hin bng tay cc cng vic lp i
lp li, bn c th ghi li mt macro n gin cho ton b cng vic
mt ln.
Xy dng macro bao gm cc hnh ng la chn t mt danh
sch, v sau in vo cc i s ca hnh ng.
Gi s xy dng mt form vi nt ng form bng cch to nt trn
form v xy dng mt macro ng form sau gn macro cho
s kin Click ca nt.
Object: Button
Event: Click
Action:Close
C 3 loi Macro
Standalone macros: L mt i tng ca c s d liu, macro
ny sau khi c to v lu th n xut hin trong phn Macro
ca Navigation Pane..
Data macros: L loi macro c lu tr nh mt phn ca
mt table. Bn c th thit k sao cho table thc thi macro trc
hoc sau khi mt record c thm, chnh sa hoc xa
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Cch to:
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Tip tc chn Action tip theo bng cch click Add new
Action.
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Macro Commands
OnError
RemoveAllTempVars
RunDataMacro
RunMenuCommand
SetLocalVar
SetTempVar
StopAllMacros
StopMacro
System Commands
Beep
CloseDatabase
QuitAccess
User Interface Commands
AddMenu
BrowseTo
LockNavigationPane
MessageBox
SetMenuItem
UndoRecord
Window Management
CloseWindow
MaximizeWindow
MinimizeWindow
MoveAndSizeWindow
RetoreWindow.
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ngha
click chut trn i tng.
Double click trn i tng.
Nhn phm ca chut trn mt i tng.
Di chuyn chut ngang i tng.
Th phm ca chut khi ang tr n i
tng
Nhn phm ca bn phm
Th phm
Form Event
Event
Open
Load
Resize
Unload
Close
Activate
GotFocus
LostFocus
ngha
Khi form c m, nhng record u tin
cha hin th
Khi form c load vo b nh nhng
cha m
Khi kch thc ca form thay i
Khi ng form v record unload, v trc
khi form di chuyn khi mn hnh
Khi ng form
Khi form nhn focus, tr thnh ca s
active
Khi form khng active
Khi form mt focus
ngha
Khi di chuyn mt record khc n record
Current
hin hnh
BeforeInsert
Sau khi d liu u tin c nhp vo new
record v trc khi record thc s c to
AfterInsert
After the new record c thm vo bng
BeforeUpdate Trc khi d liu thay i c cp nht
vo record.
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AfterUpdate
Filter
ApplyFilter
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Control Event
Event
Change
GotFocus
LostFocus
ngha
Trc khi d liu trong control thay i th
cp nht vo recordset.
Sau khi s thay i d liu c cp nht
vo recordset ca form.
Khi ni dung trong text box thay i.
Khi mt control nhn focus
Khi mt control mt focus
Click
DblClick
BeforeUpdate
AfterUpdate
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thm
mt
record
vo
USysApplicationLog bt c lc no bn mun t mt data
macro.
SendEmail: gi mt e-mail bng cch s dng Microsoft
Office Outlook.
SetField: cp nht gi tr ca mt field trong mt bng.
Nhng argument ca SetField bao gm tn bng v tn field,
v gi tr mi gn cho field ny.
SetLocalVar: Macro trong Access 2010 c th s dng cc
bin cc b thng qua cc gi tr t mt phn ca mt macro
khc.
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RaiseError: thng qua mt li chuyn n cc lp giao din
ngi dng. V d s dng RaiseError cho s kin BeforeChange
xc nhn d liu trc khi c s thay i trong c s d liu.
ClearMacroError: Action ny thc thi khi mt li c x
l bng action RaiseError.
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7.5.2. Sp xp cc actions
Click vo bt k phn no ca action, ngoi tr bn trong
cc text box.
Drag chut ko action n v tr mi.
Hoc click vo n, v sau s dng ln v xung cc phm mi
tn trn bn phm hoc mi tn mu xanh trong ca s thit k.
7.5.4. Xa mt action.
Chn action cn xa
Click nt delete bn phi hoc nhn phm
Delete
Gi tr s
16
32
48
1
2
3
4
5
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Chng 8: MODULE
8.1. Gii thiu
Mc d macro h tr mt cch nhanh chng v d dng t
ng ha cc ng dng nhng macro khng c tnh mm do, vi
nhng yu cu phc tp th macro khng gii quyt c.
Module l mt cng c ca access dng ngn ng Visual Basic
to nhng chng trnh nhm gii quyt nhng hn ch ca macro.
Module v cc th th tc ca n l i tng ch yu ca ngn
ng lp trnh VBA (Visual Basiv for Application). C hai loi
module: module dng chung v module gn lin vi form, report.
Module dng chung l nhng th tc, hm c s dng
chung cho ton b cc form, report c trong tp tin c s d
liu, cc module ny c th c gi t bt k form, report
no, n c cha trong phn Module ca Navigation pane.
Module gn lin vi form, report l nhng hm, th tc
gn lin vi cc i tng trn form, report, cc module ny
l mt thnh phn ca form, report, n khng xut hin
trong phn Module ca Navigaiton pane.
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Phn khai bo
Phn th tc
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8.2.5. Lnh gn
Dng gn gi tr cho mt bin hay mt hng. Lnh gn c s
dng trong thn ca th tc.
a) Lnh Let: Gn gi tr ca mt biu thc cho mt bin.
C php :
[Let] tenBien| tenHam = BieuThuc
tenBien.TenThanhPhan = BieuThuc
tendoiTuong{ . | ! } (Thuoctinh | tenDoiTuong) = BieuThuc
b) Lnh Set : Gn i tng cho mt bin thuc loi i
tng tng ng.
C php :
Set tenBien = {[New] bieuThuc | Nothing}
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V d :
Sub Vidu
Dim myDB as database
Dim mySet As recordset
Set myDb = CurrentDB
Set mySet = myDb.OpenRecordSet(NhanVien)
End Sub
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Hp thng bo ch c nt OK
VbOkCancel
Hp thng bo gm 2 nt OK v Cancel
VbYesNo
Hp thng bo gm 2 nt Yes No
VbYesNoCancel
Biu tng X
vbQuestion
Biu tng ?
vbExclamation
Biu tng !
vbInformation
Biu tng i
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8.4.2. Hm InputBox:
Hin th hp thng bo, trn hp thng bo c mt textbox cho
ngi dng nhp gi tr vo bin.
C php:
InputBox( Cu thng bo, Tiu , Gi tr mc nh
Gi tr tr v ca hm InputBox l gi tr do ngi dng nhp vo
textbox
V d:
Sub tong()
Dim a As Integer
Dim b As Integer
Dim t As Integer
a = InputBox("Nhap a", "nhap du lieu", 0)
b = InputBox("Nhap b", "nhap du lieu", 0)
t=a+b
MsgBox a & "+" & b & "=" & a + b, vbOKOnly, "ket qua"
End Sub
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8.4.3. Hm d liu s
a) Int(<Number>): Ly phn nguyn ca <Number>
b) Php Mod: <Number1> Mod <Number2>, cho kt qu l
phn d ca php chia Number1 cho Number2
c) Format(<Number>, format): nh dng d liu s hoc
chuyn chui s thnh s
V d:
nh dng d liu s:
Format(123456.789, #,###.00) 123.456,46
Chuyn chui thnh s
Format(123456.789, #,###.00) 123.456,46
d) Val(<Chui s>) : chuyn <Chui s> thnh s.
8.4.4. Hm x l chui
a) Left(<Chui>,n)
b) Right((<Chui>,n)
c) Mid(<Chui >,m,n)
d) Len(<Chui >)
e) Trim(<Chui >)
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V d:
DoCmd.OpenReport "rptHoadon", , ,"hoadonID= '" +
txtHoadonID + "'"
GotoRecord: Di chuyn gia cc record
C php:
DoCmd. GotoRecord [ObjectType], [ObjectName],
[Record]
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DoCmd.Quit [QuitType]
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C php:
Dim BienRecordset as Recordset
Set BienRecordset =
BienDataBase.OpenRecordset(Table/Query, loi)
Table/Query: ch cc table/query lm d liu ngun
cho bin recordset.
Loi: ch loi d liu ngun. c 3 loi.
+ DBOpenTable: d liu ngun l table, loi
bin ny h tr hu ht cc tc v trn bng d
liu vi tnh trng cp nht mi nht.
+ DBOpenDynaset: d liu ngun l table hoc
l query, h tr cho tc c Find.
+ DBOpenSnap: tng t nh DBOpenDynaset
nhng khng cho thay i d liu.
a) Phng thc ca Recordset
MoveFirst, MovePrevious, MoveNext, MoveNext : di
chuyn gia cc record.
AddNew: Thm mt record mi.
FindFirst/FindPrevious/FindNext/FindNext <iu kin
tm>: tm mt record theo iu kin cho trc.
+ <iu kin tm>: vit theo c php sau:
Tn Field= & Gi tr&
Nu c nhiu iu kin th vit theo c php sau:
Tn Field= & Gi tr 1& And Gi tr 2=
+ Gi tr 1, gi tr 2 c th l tn bin, hoc hng, hoc
nhn
Edit, Update: Chnh sa v cp nht d liu, hai
phng thc ny lun i km nhau.
C php :
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BinRecordset.Edit
BinRecordset!tenField = bieuthuc
BinRecordset.Update
EOF/BOF: kim tra v tr ca record.
b) Thuc tnh
NoMatch: Tm record
RecordCount: m s record c trong bin recordset.
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thang = "November"
Case 12
thang = "December"
Case Else
thang = "Khng xc nh"
End Select
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C php:
Call subroutinename [(<arguments>)]
Hoc
subroutinename [<arguments>]
V d:
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Dim rs As Recordset
Dim MakhStr As String
Set rs = Me.Recordset
MakhStr = InputBox("Nhap vao ma khach hang can xoa")
rs.FindFirst "[MAKH]='" & MakhStr & "'"
If rs.NoMatch Then
MsgBox "Makhachhang " & MakhStr & "khong tim thay"
End If
End Sub
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdThem_Click()
LoadDb
Dim ma As String
Dim ten As String
Dim dc As String
Dim tp As String
Dim dt As String
ma = InputBox("nhap ma khach hang:")
If ma = "" Then
Exit Sub
End If
ten = InputBox("nhap ten khach hang:")
If ten = "" Then
Exit Sub
End If
dc = InputBox("nhap dia chi khach hang:")
tp = InputBox("nhap thanh pho cua khach hang:")
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Mc lc
Chng 1
TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010.............. 1
1.1. Gii thiu:................................................................................... 1
1.2. Khi ng Access 2010: ............................................................ 2
1.3. Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng: .................................... 2
1.3.1. Thanh Quick Access:
............................... 2
1.3.2. Vng lm vic:........................................................................ 3
1.3.3. Thanh Ribbon: ........................................................................ 3
1.3.4. Ca s Properties .................................................................... 4
1.3.5. Thanh Navigation Pane .......................................................... 5
1.4. Cch to tp tin c s d liu: .................................................... 5
1.4.1. To mt c s d liu mi rng: ............................................ 5
1.4.2. To c s d liu theo mu (Template) .................................. 6
1.5. Qun l c s d liu ................................................................. 6
1.5.1. Recent: .................................................................................... 6
1.5.2. M mt c s d liu: ............................................................ 6
1.5.3. Thot khi access: .................................................................. 7
1.5.4. Thu gn v chnh sa c s d liu (Compact & Repair
Database)............................................................................................... 7
1.5.5. To password .......................................................................... 8
1.5.6. G b password ...................................................................... 8
1.6. Cc i tng trong c s d liu trong Access ........................ 8
1.6.1. Bng (Tables): ........................................................................ 8
1.6.2. Truy vn (Queries): ................................................................ 9
1.6.3. Biu mu (Forms): .................................................................. 9
1.6.4. Bo co (Reports): .................................................................. 9
1.6.5. Tp lnh (Macros): ................................................................. 9
1.6.6. B m lnh (Modules): ........................................................... 9
1.7. Thao tc vi cc i tng trong c s d liu:....................... 10
1.7.1. To mi mt i tng: ........................................................ 10
1.7.2. Thit k li mt i tng: ................................................... 10
1.7.3. Xem ni dung trnh by ca mt i tng: ......................... 10
1.7.4. Xa mt i tng. ............................................................... 10
1.7.5. i tn i tng .................................................................. 10
1.7.6. Sao chp mt i tng ........................................................ 11
1.7.7. Chp d liu t Access sang ng dng khc (Export). ........ 11
1.7.8. Chp d liu t ng dng khc vo c s d liu Access hin
hnh (Import) ...................................................................................... 12
1.7.9. Chc nng Link .................................................................... 14
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