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Math Formulas: Trigonometry Identities

Right-Triangle Definitions
1.

sin =

Opposite
Hypotenuse

2.

cos =

Adjacent
Hypotenuse

3.

tan =

Opposite
Adjacent

4.

csc =

1
Hypotenuse
=
sin
Opposite

5.

sec =

1
Hypotenuse
=
cos
Adjacent

6.

cot =

1
Adjacent
=
tan
Opposite

Reduction Formulas
7.

sin(x) = sin(x)

8.

cos(x) = cos(x)

9.

sin

10.

cos

11.

sin

12.

cos


2

2


2

2


x = cos(x)

x = sin(x)

+ x = cos(x)


+ x = sin(x)

13.

sin( x) = sin(x)

14.

cos( x) = cos(x)

15.

sin( + x) = sin(x)

16.

cos( + x) = cos(x)

Basic Identities
17.

sin2 x + cos2 x = 1

18.

tan2 x + 1 =

1
cos2 x

19.

cot2 x + 1 =

1
sin2 x

Sum and Difference Formulas

1

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20.

sin( + ) = sin cos + sin cos

21.

sin( ) = sin cos sin cos

22.

cos( + ) = cos cos sin cos

23.

cos( ) = cos cos + sin cos

24.

tan( + ) =

tan + tan
1 tan tan

25.

tan( ) =

tan tan
1 + tan tan

Double Angle and Half Angle Formulas

26.

sin(2 ) = 2 sin cos

27.

cos(2 ) = cos2 sin2

2 tan
1 tan2
r
1 cos
=
2
r
1 + cos
=
2

28.

tan(2 ) =

29.

sin

30.

cos

31.

tan

32.

1 cos
sin
=
=
2
sin
1 cos
r

1 + cos
tan =
2
1 cos

Other Useful Trig Formulas

Law of sines
33.

sin
sin
sin
=
=

Law of cosines
a2 = b2 + c2 2 b c cos
34.

b2 = a2 + c2 2 a c cos
c2 = a2 + b2 2 a b cos

Area of triangle
35.

A=

1
a b sin
2