14

Reinforced Concrete Design

Analysis and Design for Torsion 2

Torsion Design Procedure

Design Example

Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Torsion Design Procedure

STEP 1: Design section based on Mu and Vu
STEP 2: Neglect torsion if

Tu Tcr / 4

STEP 3: Check combined shear and torsion

max

Vc

+ 2.1 f c
bw d

STEP 4: Torsional stirrup area

Tu s
At =
2 Ao f yv

STEP 5: Combined stirrup for shear and torsion

Av +t Av 2 At
=
+
sv +t
sv
st
STEP 6: Longitudinal reinforcement for torsion

At
Al =
s

f yv 1.3 f c Acp At

ph
f yl
f yv

f yv

ph
f yl

STEP 7: Combined long. steel for bending and torsion

Al ,total = Al ,bending + Al ,torsion

Example 1: The 8-m span beam carries a cantilever slab 1.5 m. The beam supports
a live load of 1.2 t/m along the beam centerline plus 200 kg/m2 over the slab surface.
The effective depth of beam is 54 cm, and the distance from the surface to the
stirrup is 4 cm. fc= 280 kg/cm2, fy = 4,000 kg/cm2
8m

1.5 m

60 cm
30 cm
Load from slab:
wu = 1.4(0.15)(2,400)(1.5)+1.7(200)(1.5) = 1,266 kg/m
Eccentricity = 1.5/2 = 0.75 m
Load from beam:
wu = 1.4(0.6)(0.3)(2,400)+1.7(1,200) = 2,645 kg/m

15 cm

wL (1,266 + 2,645)(8.0)
Vu =
=
= 15.6 ton
2
2 1,000
Tu =

w t L (1,266)(0.75)(8.0)
=
= 3.80 t-m
2
2 1,000
3.80 t-m

Tu Diagram

3.80 t-m
8.00 m

w 2L (1,266 + 2,645)(8.0)2
Mu =
=
= 25.0 t-m
10
10 1,000

Flexural Design

Rn =

Mu
25(1,000)(100)
2
=
=
31.8
kg/cm
bd 2
0.9(30)(54)2

min = 0.0035,

max = 0.0229

0.85fc
2Rn
=
1 1
= 0.0086
fy
0.85fc

OK

Al,flexure = bd = 0.0086(30)(54) = 13.9 cm2

Shear Design

Vc = 0.85(0.53) 280(30)(54) /1,000

= 12.2 ton < [Vu = 15.6 ton] required stirrup

Vs = Vu Vc = 15.6 12.2 = 3.4 ton

Av Vs
3.4(1,000)
=
=
= 0.0185 cm
s
fy d 0.85(4,000)(54)

1.50 m

Cracking Torque
45 cm
For overhanging flange
use the smaller of
(a) Projection of beam
(b) 4 times slab thickness

60 cm

45 cm < 4 t

30 cm

Acp = (30)(60)+(15)(45) = 2,475 cm2

pcp = 2(60+75) = 270 cm
0.27 0.85 280 2,4752
Tcr / 4 =
= 0.87 t-m
270 1,000 100

Since Tu > Tcr /4 , need torsion reinforcement

15 cm

Check combined shear & torsion

bwd = (30)(54) = 1,620 cm2

Aoh = xoyo = (22)(52) = 1,144 cm2

xo = 30 - 2(4) = 22 cm

Ao = 0.85(1,144) = 972.4 cm2

yo = 60 - 2(4) = 52 cm

ph = 2(22+52) = 148 cm

0.85
15.6 3.8 100 148
1,620 + 1.7 1,1442 1,000 (0.53 + 2.1) 280

0.0271 t/cm2 < 0.0374 t/cm2

OK

Torsional stirrup area

At
Tu /
3.8 1,000 100
=
=
= 0.0575 cm
s 2fyv Ao 0.85 2 4,000 972.4
Combined stirrup

Av +t Av
At
=
+ 2 = 0.0185 + 2(0.0575)
sv +t
sv
st
= 0.1335 > [3.5bw / fyv = 0.026] OK
Select close stirrup DB12 (Av+t = 2(1.13) = 2.26 cm2)

s = 2.26/0.1335 = 16.9 cm < [ph/8 = 18.5 cm] < 30 cm OK

USE Stirrup DB12 @ 0.16 m

Longitudinal Steel

At fyv
Al =
ph = 0.0575(148) = 8.51 cm2
f
s
yl
Al ,min =

1.33 280(2,475)
8.51 = 5.26 cm2 < Al
4,000

At
1.8bw 1.8(30)
=
= 0.0135
s = 0.0575 f
4,000

yv

OK

OK

Total Longitudinal Steel

Bending:

Al = 13.9 cm2 (Top reinforcement)

Torsion:

Al = 8.51 cm2 (Distributed along perimeter)

To satisfy 30 cm max. spacing of Al

Provide 4DB16 in the bottom half of beam
and add 8.51 4(2.01) = 0.47 cm2 to flexural steel
Steel area required at top = 13.9 + 0.47 = 14.37 cm2
USB 3DB25 (As = 14.73 cm2)

60 cm

At midspan:

30 cm

w 2L (1,266 + 2,645)(8.0)2
=
= 17.87 t-m
Mu =
14
14 1,000

Required As = 9.68 cm2 (2DB25)

Section @ Supports

3DB25

2DB16
60 cm

DB12 @ 0.16 m
2DB25

30 cm