Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-1

LECTURE 260 SHUNT-SHUNT FEEDBACK

(READING: GHLM 563-569)
Objective
The objective of this presentation is:
1.) Show how to identify the type of feedback topology
2.) Illustrate the analysis of shunt-shunt feedback circuits
Outline
Feedback identification procedure
Shunt-shunt feedback with nonideal source and load
Examples
Summary

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-2

IDENTIFICATION OF THE FOUR, SINGLE-LOOP FEEDBACK TOPOLOGIES

Two-Terminal Representation of a Single-Loop, Negative Feedback System
ii
Signal
Source

+
vi

io

ie
+
ve

Mixing
Network

Amplifier
of forward
gain = a

+
Sampling
Load
Network vo Network
-

ifb
+
vfb
-

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

Feedback
Network
of reverse
gain = f

Fig. 260-01

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-3

Feedback Topology Identification Procedure

1.) Identify the feedback loop by tracing around the feedforward and feedback path.
Also check to see if the feedback is positive or negative.
2.) Identify whether or not the mixing network is series or shunt. If the signal source
has one terminal on ac ground then:
a.) If the input active device has one of its input terminals on ac ground, then the
mixing network must be shunt.
b.) If the signal and feedback sources are applied to different input terminals of the
input active device, then the mixing network is series (this includes differential
amplifiers where two devices form the input active device).
c.) If the signal source does not have one of its input terminals on ac ground or to
check the above steps, try to assign the variables xi, xfb, and xe on the schematic
in such a manner as to implement the equation,
xe = xi xfb
If this equation can be written using voltages (currents) then the mixing circuit is
series (shunt).
ifb
ii

+ +
ve
+
vi
vfb
-

+ +

ie

- +

ve

vfb
-

vi
-

Series

Shunt

Series

Fig. 260-02

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-4

Feedback Topology Identification Procedure - Continued

3.) Next identify the sampling circuit as series or shunt. If the load is grounded then,
a.) If the out active device has one of its two possible output terminals grounded,
then the feedback is shunt.
b.) If the output active device has neither of its output terminals on ground and if the
output signal is taken from one of its output terminals and the fed back signal
from the other output terminal, then the feedback is series.
c.) If the load is not grounded or to check the above test, identify the load resistor,
RL, and apply the following test:
i.) If xfb becomes zero when RL = 0, then the sampling network is shunt.
ii.) If xfb becomes zero when RL = , then the sampling network is series.
io

ifb

ifb

+
ifb
+vfb
-

RL

vfb
-

Series

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

RL

Shunt

vfb

vo
-

+
vo
-

Shunt

Fig. 260-03

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-5

Transistor Examples of Negative Feedback Topology Identification

1K

i2

i2

10K

+
Q1

i1

10K

+
v1
-

Q1 10K

+
v2

100K

v1

1K

M2

i1

1K
10K

v2

1K

Circuit 2

Circuit 1
i2

i2
Q2

i1
M1

+
v1
-

3K

10K

1K

M2

v2

10K

v1

10K

10K

Q1

5K

2K

i1

v2

1K
-

Circuit 3

Circuit 4

Fig. 260-04

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-6

Shunt-Shunt Feedback including Source and Load Resistance

Configuration:
i1

is

RS

+
vi
-

y22a
y11a

y12avo

y21avi

Basic Amplifier
y22f

y11f

RL

+
vo
-

+
v1
-

i2
Shunt-Shunt
Feedback
Network

+
v2
Fig. 260-06

i1 = y11v1 + y12v2
Feedback Network
i2 = y21v1 + y22v2
where for the new basic amplifier,
+
+
i1 |
vi
RS
is
vo
=
y
11 v1 v2=0 = GS + y11a + y11f
y11f y11a y21avi y22a y22f RL
i1 |
New Basic Amplifier
y12 = v v1=0 = 0
2
y12fvo
i2 |
y21 = v v2=0 = y21a
Fig. 260-05
New Feedback Network
1
i2 |
y22 = v v1=0 = GL + y22a + y22f
2
vo v2
(-y21a/y11y22)
-y21a
a
=
=
A
=
=

a
=
is
i1
y11y22 and f = y12f
1+af 1+(-y21a/y11y22) y12f
y12fvo

y21fvi

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-7

Example 1 Inverting Op Amp

Find the closed-loop transfer function, A, the closed-loop input
resistance, Zif, and the closed-loop output resistance, Zof of the
shunt-shunt configuration shown. The op amp has a differential
input resistance of zi, voltage gain of av, and output resistance of zo.
Solution
Equivalent circuit:
Feedback
R
Network F

Equivalent
Feedback
Network

ifb

Zif
+
ii

v1
-

Op Amp
zi
avv1

Zof
+

zo
RL

vo
-

ii'

Zi

RF
ii

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

RL

Fig. 260-07

Basic Amplifier
+
zo
v1' zi
RF
'
- avv1

Zo
+

ifb' =
RL vo'
RF
v'o
RF
(Use primed variables to indicate open loop) Fig. 260-08

i1 ' |
-1
It is easy to show that f = y12f = v2' v1'=0 = RF
The forward gain, a, is
ziRF
vo' vo'v1' -av(RF||RL) ziRF
-avRFRL
a = ii' = v1' ii' = zo+(RF||RL)zi+RF = zoRF+zoRL+RFRLzi+RF

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

vout

where ifb' = 0
P.E. Allen - 2002
Page 260-8

Example 1 Continued
The loop gain is

zi
avRFRL
T = af = zoRF+zoRL+RFRLzi+RF

The closed-loop gain is

ziRF
-avRFRL

z R +z R +R R z +R
(-avRF2RLzi)
vo
a
o L F L i F
o F
zi = (zoRF+zoRL+RFRL)(zi+RF) + avRFRLzi
ii = 1+af =
avRFRL
1+z R +z R +R R z +R
o L F L i F
o F
The closed-loop input impedance is
ziRF
Zi
zoRF+zoRL+RFRL
zi+RF

Zif = 1+T =
zi
avRFRL
avRL
1+zoRF+zoRL+RFRLzi+RF

The closed-loop output impedance is

Zo
zo||RF||RL
Zof = 1+T =
zi
avRFRL

1+zoRF+zoRL+RFRLzi+RF

If av = 200,000, zi = 2M, and zo = 75, RF = 1M, and RL = 10k, then T = 133,333,

Zi = 2||1 = 0.667M Zif = 5, Zo 75 Zof = 0.563m and A = -999,992
ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-9

Example 2 Transistor Feedback Amplifier

VCC
For the amplifier shown, find v2/v1, v1/i1, and v2/i2. Assume that Fig. 260-09
R3=
gm = 5mS and rds = for the MOSFET and r1 = r3 =1000
20K
M2
and F1 = F3 = 100 for the BJTs.
i1
i2
Solution
Q1
+
+
1.) Find the feedback topology and polarity of feedback.
Q3
v2
The loop consists of base-collector of Q1, gate-drain of M2, and v1
R1=
R2=
R4=
base-collector of Q3. A positive change at the base of Q1 gives
1K
100
10K
a - and the gate of M2, which gives a + at the base of Q3, which gives a - at the base of Q3. feedback is negative.
2.) The mixing circuit is shunt because only the base terminal of Q1 is connected to the
input and feedback. Note that iC3 = ifb and iB1 = ie ie = ii ifb.
3.) The feedback circuit is shunt because the output transistor (M2) has one of its
possible output terminals on ac ground. Also, if RL = R4 goes to zero, ifb = 0.
i2
4.) Draw the
ib3
ib3
closed-loop circuit i1=ii ie
+
r3
and small-signal
Q1
ifb
M2
+
R1
ifb
ib1
ie=ib1
i2
R3 =
i1=ii
model.
v
v1
-

Q3

R1 =
1K

R2 =
100

20K R =
4
10K

2=vo

+
v1
-

r1
R2

R3

vgs2
-

R4

+
v2=vo

gm2vgs2

Fig. 260-10

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-10

Example 2 Continued
5.) AC open-loop model is drawn by,
a.) Looking back into the feedback network (Q3,R1) to the left with v1 = 0.
b.) Looking back into the feedback network (Q3,R1) to the right with v2 = 0.
The result is,
i1'=ii'

ib1'

r1

ib1'

i2'
+
ib3'

v1

R2

R3

vgs2'
gm2vgs2'

r3

v2'=vo'
ifb'
ib3'

R1

R4
Fig. 260-11

6.) Next, find a and f.

vo' vo' vgs2'
a = i ' = v ' i ' = -gm2{R4||[r3+(1+3)R1]}(-3R3) = (-45.54)(-2x106) = 91.07M
1
gs2 1
vo'
ifb'
3
f = vo' , iB1 = r3+(1+3)R1 ifb' = 3iB3 f = r3+(1+3)R1 = 0.98mS ( 1/R1)

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

Page 260-11

Example 2 Continued
7.) Calculate Ri and Ro.
v1'
Ri = i ' = r1+(1+1)R2 = 11k
1
and
v2'
Ro = i ' = R4||[r3+(1+3)R1] = 10k||102k = 9.107k
2
8.) Find v2/v1, v1/i1, and v2/i2.
vo
91.07M
a
1
=
=
=
1019.2
(Note:
3
i1 1+T 1+89.287x10
f = 1020)
v1
Ri
11k
Rif = i1 = 1+T = 1+89.287x103 = 0.1243
v2
Ro
9.107k
Rof = i = 1+T = 1+89.287x103 = 0.102
2
Now,
v2 v2 i1 v2/i1 1019.2
v1 = i1 v1 = Rif = 0.1243 = 8204.5V/V

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

Lecture 260 Shunt-Shunt Feedback (3/5/02)

P.E. Allen - 2002

Page 260-12

SUMMARY
We have shown how to identify the type of feedback topology
Illustrate the analysis of shunt-shunt feedback circuits
Procedure
1.) Identify the type of feedback topology
2.) Draw the schematic for the closed-loop amplifier
3.) Break the feedback loop by replacing the feedback network with the resistance
seen looking into each end of the feedback network with the other end shorted.
4.) Draw a schematic of the open-loop amplifier with all variables primed.
5.) Solve for a, f, Ri, and Ro.
6.) Calculate A and Rif and Rof by the following formulas:
Ri
Ro
a
A = 1+T ,
Rif = 1+T , and
Rof = 1+T
7.) If necessary, use the results of 6.) to find the desired closed-loop transfer function.

ECE 6412 - Analog Integrated Circuit Design - II

P.E. Allen - 2002