DESIGN OF CONCRETE BRIDGE ("T" Beam Type)

1.

DESIGN DATA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Construction type
Bridge length
Beam length
Span bridge
Width of bridge
Class of bridge
Width of side walk
Thick of asphalt pavement
Thick of concrete slab
Material strength and allowable stress
a. Super structure
- Concrete compressive strength 'bk
- Allowable bending stress 'b
- Reinforcing bar allowable stress a
a. Sub structure
- Concrete compressive strength 'bk
- Allowable bending stress 'b
- Reinforcing bar allowable stress a

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Reinforcement Concrete "T Beam"

5x
20.80 m
5x
20.70 m
5x
20.00 m
4.60 m
I
2x
0.50 m
0.06 m
0.25 m

=
=
=

225.00 kg/cm
65.00 kg/cm
1400.00 kg/cm

(K 225)

=
=
=

225.00 kg/cm
65.00 kg/cm
1400.00 kg/cm

(K 225)

2.

CALCULATION OF CARRIAGE FLOOR

2.1

LIVE LOAD
a. Impact coefficient (K)
K = 1 + (20/(50+L))
where : L = length of span

=
=

1.286
2.00 m

b. Effective width of slab (Le)

Le = 0.72 L' + g
where : L' = span of load between support
g = width of wheel

=
=
=

1.21 m
1.40 m
0.20 m

c. Moveable load (with impact)

P1 = P/Le * K
where : P = moveable load

=
=

12.77 ton
12.00 ton

2.2

DEAD LOAD
- Slab floor
- Pavement
- Water

=
=
=

0.20
0.06
0.05

1.00
1.00
1.00

2.40
2.20
1.00

=
=
=
=
=
=

q1
- Hand rail
- Side walk load
2.3

(P2) =
(q2) =

0.20

1.00

2.20

0.480
0.132
0.050
0.662
0.050
0.440

(U 24)

(U 24)

t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m
t
t/m

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS ON LOADING

0.80

0.625

P2

1.75
P1

q1

0.625

0.80

P1

P2

q2

q2
A

1.30

2.00
0.280

1.44

D
1.30

0.280

P1 =

12.772 t

P2 =

0.050 t

q1 =

0.662 t/m

q2 =

0.440 t/m

3.

CALCULATION OF MOMENT

3.1

PRIMARY MOMENT
MBA
L1

= - P2*(L1+L2) - q2 L1 (1/2*L1 + L2) - 1/2 q1L2

L2

=
0.50 m
= -(1/12 *q1* L) - (P1 * L3 * L4)/l - (P1 * L4 * L3)/L

MBC
L3
L4
MCB
MCD

0.28

=
= MBC
= MBA

1.72

End Moment = (MBA + MBC)/2

3.2

-0.465 t m

-3.296 t m

=
=

-3.296 t m
-0.465 t m

-1.880 t m

0.80 m

MOMENT OF SPAN B - C

1.75
P1 =
P1

P1

P2 =
q1 =
q2 =

q1

C
2.00
1.44
0.280

RB
RC
0
Mx
0.280
Mx

=
=

0.280
1/2 q L + 2P1 /2

<
<
=

0.00
0.28
0.50
1.00
1.50
1.72
2.00

Mx
Mx
Mx
Mx
Mx
Mx
Mx

TOTALLY MOMENT AT SPAN B - C

Section

13.434 ton
13.434 ton

x
<=
0.280
RB * x - 1/2 q1 x
x
<=
1.720
RB * x - 1/2 q x - P (x - 0.13)

Moment of span at sections

x
=
x
=
x
=
x
=
x
=
x
=
x
=
3.3

=
=

x
0.00
0.28
0.50
1.00
1.50
1.72
2.00

MBC
Mx
MBC+Mx
-1.880
0.000
-1.880
-1.880
3.736
1.855
-1.880
3.824
1.944
-1.880
3.907
2.027
-1.880
3.824
1.944
-1.880
3.736
1.855
-1.880
0.000
-1.880

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.000
3.736
3.824
3.907
3.824
3.736
0.000

tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm
tm

12.772 t
0.050 t
0.662 t/m
0.440 t/m

1.30
0.50

4.

2.00
1.00

D
1.30

1.50

2.00

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT BAR OF SLAB

Section

M = MD + ME
M

(t m)
(kg cm)

0.000
0

-1.880
-188036

1.944
194405

2.027
202680

1.944
194405

-1.880
-188036

H
b
d'
h = H - d'
n
a
=h/((n.M)/(b.a))^0.5
Ca

100n
(table of n value)
=bh
As
Use steel bar
D
units
Distance of bar
A
Result

(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)

20
100
2
18
21
1400

20
100
2
18
21
1400
3.389
0.400
4.091
3.507

20
100
2
18
21
1400
3.333
0.400
2.191
1.878

20
100
2
18
21
1400
3.265
0.400
2.632
2.256

20
100
2
18
21
1400
3.333
0.400
2.191
1.878

20
100
2
18
21
1400
3.389
0.400
4.091
3.507

12
5.0
20.0
5.655
OK !

12
5.0
20.0
5.655
OK !

12
5.0
20.0
5.655
OK !

12
5.0
20.0
5.655
OK !

12
5.0
20.0
5.655
OK !

1.403

0.751

0.902

0.751

1.403

12
2.5
40.0
2.827
OK !

12
2.5
40.0
2.827
OK !

12
2.5
40.0
2.827
OK !

12
2.5
40.0
2.827
OK !

12
2.5
40.0
2.827
OK !

As' = x As
Use steel bar
D
units
Distance of bar
A'
Result

max
0.400
0.000

(mm)
(nos)
(cm)

(mm)
(nos)
(cm)

DESIGN OF CONCRETE BRIDGE ("T" Beam type)

CALCULATION OF MAIN BEAM
A.

MIDLE BEAM
2.30

0.20

0.80
0.30

1.25
0.1
0.35

1.020

1.

LOADING ANALYSIS

1.1.

DEAD LOAD :
weight of beam

slab weight
pavement weight
side walk
hand rail
water
load service

0.56

0.720

=
=
=

0.56
0.30
0.43
0.20
0.06
0.20

x
x
x
x
x
x

0.35
0.80
0.10
2.30
1.50
0.65

x
x
x
x
x
x

2.40
2.40
2.40
2.40
2.20
2.20

=
=

0.05
1.00

x
x

2.30
0.60

x
x

1.00
0.50
q

Diaphragm load

0.389 t

0.30

0.75

0.389 t

0.72

2.40

0.389 t
q = 3.203

5.00

5.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.470
0.576
0.103
1.104
0.198
0.286
0.050
0.115
0.300
3.203

0.389 t

0.389 t
t/m

5.00

0.389 t

5.00

20.00

33.00
32.61

24.60
16.60
16.21

D Diagram
8.20
0.19
-0.19
-8.20

-16.21
-16.60
-24.60

2.500

2.50

2.50

2.50

0.00

-32.61
-33.00 ton
0.00
M Diagram

71.51
71.51
123.01

123.01
153.52

164.02

153.52

RA = RB = qxLx1/2 + 5P/2 =
32.998
ton
RA . x - 1/2 . q . x - P1.x - P2(1/2L . x)
Mx
=
M max
=
164.018 t m
Dx
=
RA - q . X - P
D max
=
32.998 t
1.2.

; x = 1/2 L =
;x=0

LIVE LOAD
Impact Coeffiicient

K = 1 + 20/(50 + L)

Load "D" for bridge class III :

P
=
12.00 t
D
=
2.20 t/m
Distribution load :

1.286

10.00 m

t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m
t/m

Dd

=
=

0,5 x D x K
1.414 t/m

Line load
Pa
=
=

0,5 x P x K
7.714 t

DIAGRAM OF LIVE LOAD

Pa = 7.714
Dd =

L=

t.
1.414 t/m

20.00

5.00

ME

1.3.

Pa . Y + Pd . F
38.571
109.286 t m

WIND FORCE
Calculation per meter of bridge
ha
=
100 % (hb + hp)
where :
hb
= height of beam
hp
= height of pavement
ha
Ha

Za
M1
M2
where :
b
V2
M2
M1
744.98
V1

RA = RB
Ma

1.4.

=
=
=

70.714

3.00

=
=

1.80 m
0.06 m

=
=
=

1.86 m
P (ha + 2.00)
386 kg/m

=
=
=
=
=

1/2 (ha + 2.00)

1.93 m
Ha * Za
744.98 kg m
2 (V1 * 1/2 b + v2 * 1/6 b)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

width of wheel floor

0
3.00 * V1
M2
3.00 * V1
248.33 kg/m'
0.248 t/m'

=
=
=
=

1/2 * V1 * L
2.483 t
RA * 1/2 L - 1/8 * V1 * L
12.416 t m

;P=

2.00

100

kg

1.45
4.60

3.00 m

V1

V1

BREAK FORCE
2.30

0.20

0.30

0.80
1.25

1.45

0.1
0.35

1.020

Area = A
Slab area
Beam area

0.56

0.720

A (cm)
230
30
43
56

20
80
10
35

=
=
=
=

Y (cm)
4600
2400
430
1960
9390

10
60
105
127.5

A.Y (cm3)
46000
144000
45150
249900
485050

(A.Y)/A

Zr

=
=

Y + 125
176.66 cm

1.767 m.

Line load
Distribution load

=
=

Distribution load :
Dd
=
=

0.5 x D
1.100 t/m

; lb = distance of beam =

2.00

Line load
Pa
=
=

0.5 x P
6.000 t

; lb = distance of beam =

2.00

Break force

12.00 ton
2.20 ton/m

=
=

5 % (L x Dd + Pa)
1.400 ton

Moment result of break force

Mr
=
1.400
=
2.473 t m

2.

51.66 cm

1.767

109.286

MAXIMUM MOMENT
PERMANENT LOADING
Total moment =
MD + ME
=
164.018
=
273.304 t m

B
1/2 L

TEMPORARY LOADING
Mps
=
Md + Ml + Ma + Mr
=
164.018
+
=
288.193 t m
3.

SHEARING FORCE
Dead Load
RA = RB =

109.286

12.416

1/2 L

2.473

32.998 ton

Live Load
a). Load D
Pa =

7.714

Pa =
Dd =

7.714

1.414 t/m

20.00

Shearing force diagram

DA

=
=

b). Wind Force

DA
=
=

Pa.Y + Pd * F
21.857 ton

1/2 (V1 x L)
2.483 ton

RESULT OF SHEARING FORCE (D)

Permanent load
Total D
=

32.998

21.857

Temporary load
Total D
=

32.998

21.857

2.483

54.855 ton

57.338 ton

4.

CALCULATION MOMENT ON SECTION MAIN BEAM

0.389 t

0.389 t

0.389 t
q=

1
5.00

2.50

2.50

3
5.00

0.389
t
3.203 t/m

0.389

4
5.00

5.00

x2
(m)

P.x1
(t m)

20.00
2.50

2.50

LOADING ANALYSIS
4.1

Dead Load
Ra
=
Mdx
=

Section

1
2
3
4

4.2

Ra
(ton)

32.998 ton
Ra . x - 1/2 q x - P x1
x
(m)

33.00
33.00
33.00
33.00

2.500
5.000
7.500
10.000

Live Load
- Section x

q
(t/m)

Ra . X
(t m)

3.203
3.203
3.203
3.203

82.495
164.990
247.485
329.980

1/2 q x
(t m)

P
(t)

10.008
40.033
90.073
160.130

x1
(m)

0.389
0.389
0.389
0.389

2.500
5.000
7.500
10.000

0.000
0.000
2.500
5.000

0.972
1.944
2.916
3.888

7.714 t
Dd =
X

1.414 t/m

L-X
Y

= (L - X) . X/L

Section

X
(m)

1
2
3
4

4.3

2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00

(L-X)
(m)

(L-X)/L

17.50
15.00
12.50
10.00

0.875
0.750
0.625
0.500

2.188
3.750
4.688
5.000

RA = RB
V1
Max

16.875
28.929
36.161
38.571

30.938
53.036
66.295
70.714

1
2
3
4

0.248 t/m

L-X

=
=
=

Section

4.5

21.875
37.500
46.875
50.000

Dd.F
(t m)

Wind Load
V1 =

4.4

Pa.Y
(t m)

2.483 t
0.248 t/m
RA . X - 1/2 . V1 . X
Ra
(ton)
2.483
2.483
2.483
2.483

Break Force
Mr
=

X
(m)
2.50
5.00
7.50
10.00

V1
(t/m)
0.248
0.248
0.248
0.248

RA . X
(t m)
6.208
12.416
18.625
24.833

1/2 V1.X
(t m)
0.776
3.104
6.984
12.416

Max
(t m)
5.432
9.312
11.640
12.416

Max
(t m)
5.432
9.312
11.640
12.416

Mr
(t m)
2.473
2.473
2.473
2.473

Mpt
(t m)
119.327
204.978
255.979
273.304

2.473 t m

RESULT OF MOMENT ON SECTION BEAM

Section
1
2
3
4

X
(m)
2.500
5.000
7.500
10.000

Mdx
(t m)
71.51
123.01
153.52
164.02

Mlx
(t m)
47.813
81.964
102.455
109.286

Mtp
(t m)
127.233
216.763
270.093
288.193

Mlx
(t m)
47.813
81.964
102.455
109.286

P.x2
(t m)
0.000
0.000
0.972
1.944

Mx
(t m)
71.515
123.014
153.524
164.018

5.

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT BAR OF MAIN BEAM

1

bm

d'

ho

H
2.500

2.500

2.500
10.00

2.500
bo

Section

units

Mtp
M

(t m)
(kg cm)

127.233
12,723,271

216.763
21,676,322

270.093
27,009,273

288.193
28,819,323

(cm2)

145
176
56
20
5
140
21
1400
4.251
6
8.09
89
0.963
0.200
70.400

145
176
56
20
5
140
21
1400
3.257
11.230
2.279
3.390
0.898
0.200
131.765

145
176
56
20
5
140
21
1400
2.918
12.800
1.740
2.396
0.882
0.200
150.187

145
176
56
20
5
140
21
1400
2.825
14.000
1.632
2.214
0.876
0.200
164.267

(mm)
(nos)

32
10

32
18

32
19

32
20

A
Result

(cm)

80.425
OK !

144.765
OK !

152.807
OK !

160.850
not safe !

As' = x As
Use steel bar
D
units
A'
Result

(cm)

14.080

26.353

30.037

32.853

(mm)
(nos)
(cm)

32
2
16.085
OK !

32
3
24.127
not safe !

32
4
32.170
OK !

32
4
32.170
not safe !

1173.42

1191.02

1431.44

1460.94

1400
OK !

1400
OK !

1400
Not safe !

1400
Not safe !

7.890

27.341

39.858

41.741

65
Ok !

65
Ok !

65
Ok !

65
Ok !

H
bm
bo
ho
d'
h = H - d'
n
a
Ca
100n

'

As

= 6 hot + bo

(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(kg/cm2)

=h/((n.M)/(b.a))^0.5
(table of n value)

=bh

Use steel bar

D
units

'a = M / ( A.h )
(kg/cm)
Allowable stress of reinforcement bar :
Gsa
(kg/cm)
Result
'b = M / ( b.h2.n... )
Allowable stress of concrete :
Gca
Result

(kg/cm)

SHEARING STRESS
Item
Shearing force, S at suppporting point
Width of beam, bo
Flange thickness, t
effective depth, d
= S/(bo (d - t/2))
Stress

Unit
kg
cm
cm
cm
kg/cm

Value
57338
56
20
140
7.876

Alloawable shearing stress for concrete

a
kg/cm
Vertical stirrups shall be provided
The concrete is assumed no to carry external vertical stirrups

Stress being carried by vertical stirrups

Item
Used steel bar, As
D
Av
Spacing of stirrups, aS
Allowable stress of steel, a

Unit
mm
nos
cm
cm
kg/cm

6.5

Value
10
2
1.571
20
1400

Width of beam, bo
s = (a . As)/(aS . bo)
Stress

cm

56

kg/cm

3.927

Stress remaining shear also being carried by oblique bars

Item
Unit
Used steel bar, Aob
D
mm
nos
Aob
cm
Spacing of oblique bar, aob
cm
Allowable stress of steel, Gsa
kg/cm
Width of beam, bo
cm
ob = (Gsa . Aob)/(aob . bo)
Stress
kg/cm
The remaining shear
Total stress of vertical stirrups:
and oblique bars
Result

6.

Value
12
0
0.000
20
1400
56
0.000

kg/cm

1.376

(kg/cm)

3.927
OK !

REINFORCING BARS DRAWING OF MAIN BEAM

2 32

3 32

Stirup
10-20

Stirup
10-20

Section 2
2
3 32

Stirup
10-20
5 32
7 32
7 32

Section 3
3
3 32

1.50

1.50

6 32
7 32
7 32
Section 4

3 32
1 32

1
2
7
7
1.50

4 32

Stirup
10-20
4 32
7 32
7 32

3 32
7 32
Section 1
1
2 32

4 32

32
32
32
32

L=

0.5 x D
0.5*R[-5]C[1]

0.5 x P
0.5*R[-10]C[1]

#VALUE!

0
0
2*R[-1]C
3*R[-2]C

0.681

7.112

11.23

12.8

25
5

25
7

25
11
12

25
13