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ugmrf;erf;/ ( 1;1-15 )
v.ifjwmif;nef okd0fjawMbYzM;yAefq0fj wif; wmif;nefnrfbokd0fjawMbulef;/ ( 1;16-3;20 )
v.ifjwmif;nef vBjwmif;okd0fjawMb efg;wmif;,krfbrmwfj q0fja,bokc7dqfh/ ( 3;21-5;21 )
v.ifjwmif;nef YzM;yAefq0fj tzrFifbyefwmif;okd0fjawMb/ ( 6;1-8;39 )
v.ifjwmif;nef urfhx.ufjwmif;okd0fjawMbYzM;yAefq0fj/ ( 9;1-11;36 )
v.ifjwmif;nef urfusmifhwmif;okd0fjawMb/ ( 12;1-15;13 )
ugmrf;=0f[kyfj wif; ugmrf;wufhvmwfj/ ( 15;14-16;27 )

238

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241

24

25
26

27

28

29

&l0f;r 2-3

tvj nkyfb0m0f;,lbaoauMj orfhylefhvdl0fYwM;


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6
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10
11
12

13
14
15

YzM;yAefq0fj twb,lb uMjeifbnefrM;efg;


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wdefc0feefh qmif@ugMbcefcefzfg;zfg; {jvBj

242

&l0f;r 3-4
16 n0fnomufjulef;wmBanMj/ efg;oAefjwmif;
nefc0fuMg beefh rD;wmif;vlw
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17 wkufhcMUwmif;zmefanMj/ c0fnrfb=UnrfbqFifj
oAefjwmif;nefuwf;,Aefcsmrf;oMbeefh/
18 v.ifjnef wuf;vBj&l0fbaobul0f,rfYzM;yAef
q0fjeefh nrfbrD;ok0d jf eMjwfjg wMc0f? 0Mjeifb
19 eBanMj/ ugmrf;uMjnefyM;efg;usmrf;ydif;pmyfj
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20 zBmbeMjYzM;yAefq0fjanMj/ ydl0fjnef ydif;
pmyfjYwM; yAefv.ifjnef{jnysFwfjwlUq&dlufj
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xmifboM;rM; efg;cdifbuMbvMUawMjvA0feBheefh

27
28

29

30

31

ref;q0fjokd0fjawMbtvj {jc0fqdl0f;nef,krfb
rmwfjref;q0fjeefhauMj odk0fjawMbanMj/
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1 ayM;yAefqld0fheifbeBqdkif ayMj[0f; nMb:y[mrfb


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2 uMjoif/ ayM; nMb:y[mrfb vBj+wfjxdkifwmif;
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eefhqrf;? u.yfjwmif;,krfbrmwfjref;eefhtvj

243
6
7
8
9

10

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14

vBjcmrfbwmif;nefrmwfjyAef qdl0fheifbwmif;
nefodk0fjawMbanMj/ rdlefeifbeef wMb0dwfh
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&l0f;r 4
15
16

17

18

19

20

21
22
23
24

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v.ijf uMjoif,0fah nMj/ v.ijf ref;qrf;ydi;f pmyfj
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16

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25

26

27

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