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Physiology: Pre-Boards 2006-2007 Muscle/Vision
Physiology: Pre-Boards 2006-2007 Muscle/Vision
Pre-Boards 2006-2007
Muscle/Vision
Neurotransmitter involved in skeletal muscle contraction
a. Acetylcholine
c. Epinephrine
b. Norepinephrine
d. GABA
Calcium in the cell of smooth muscle binds with
a. Troponin C
c. Early relaxation
b. Late relaxation
ADP1 P1 head of muscle --- bending
At the onset of muscle contraction, the initial source of conformation --- ATP for creatinine phosphate
Cross bridge linkage between actin and myosin is not possible when skeletal muscle is at rest due to --- interference by
tropomyosin molecule
In excitation contraction coupling, what immediately follows depolarization of transverse tubule --- diffusion of Ca ion from
sarcoplasmic reticulum to myofilaments
During skeletal muscle, the
a. H zone becomes shorter
b. A band decrease in width
Tropomyosin
a. prevents binding of actin & myosin when muscle is at rest
b. is a protein of thin myofibril
c. catabolic in nature
d. discrete and localized effect
Centers for regulation of cardiovascular activity and for respiration are located in the
a. spinal coard
c. cerebral cortex
b. medulla oblongata
d. limbic system
All of the following have nicotinic receptors except
a. radial muscle of the iris
c. skeletal muscle
b. sweat glands
d. smooth muscle
Both parasympathetic and sympathetic preganglionic fibers release
a. Acetylcholine
c. Norepinephrine
b. Epinephrine
d. L-dopamine
Which of the following is/are not cholinergic
a. preganglionic sympathetic fiber
b. all postganglionic parasympathetic fiber
c. parasympathetic neuroeffector
d. both b and c
c. adrenal medulla
d. both a and c
c. nasal fiber for the R eye and temporal fiber for the L eye
d. nasal fiber for the L eye and temporal fiber for the R eye
c. horizontal cells
d. all of the above
c. Y
d. all of the above
The extraocular muscle moves eyeball downward lateral --- superior oblique
The only retinal neural cells that generate action potential --- ganglion cells
Which of the following region of the eye has the greatest concentration of cones --- foveal region
The blind spot of the eye
a. contain the rod only
b. has greatest concentration of cones
The part response, accommodation, convergence of visual axes and papillary contraction is called
a. near point
c. near response
b. light reflex
d. adaptation
Most common of the following refractive media of the eye except
a. cornea
c. pupil
b. lens
d. aqueous humor
Blind spot is --- absent in the visual field in binocular vision
The layer prevents the reflection of light rays back through the retina --- pigment epithelium
Neural cells that connect one ganglion with another ganglion cells --- amacrine cells
Vitamin A deficiency will lead to --- night blindness
Correct about color blindness --- autosomal recessive disorder
Type of receptor does epinephrine stimulate in aortic veins to produce venous constriction --- alpha 1
Nerve fibers that conducts fast pain --- type A delta
Application of a supramaximal stimulus after maximum stimulation will the size of the action potential of peripheral
nerves --- no effect
Pacemaker cells are present in --- smooth and cardiac
T-tubule system of cardiac muscle is located --- Z discs
Number of myosin binding site exposed when tropomyosin is displaced --- 7
Types of muscle fiber contribute large amount of myoglobin
a. type I
d. a and b
b. type IIA
e. b and c
c. type IIB
Ca is pumped actively back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum through
a. Na-K ATPase pump
c. Na-2Na ATPase pump
b. Ca-Mg ATPase pump
d. 3Na-2K ATPase pump
Primary source of calcium for initiation of smooth muscle contraction
a. sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. intracellular calcium
b. mitochondria
d. extracellular calcium
All of the following events occur during the latent phase of a muscle twitch except --- release of Ca from troponin
Applying several stimuli of increasing intensity --- quantal summation
Characteristic of isotonic contraction --- there is approximation of ends of muscle
Which muscle tension is maximal during resting length
a. passive tension
c. total tension
b. active tension
d. resting tension
the axons of the cells converge and leave the eye as the optic nerve
a. bipolar cells
c. amacrine cells
b. horizontal cells
d. ganglion cells
Is responsible for formation of a modulated neuronal discharge --- extensor and reflex extension
The generation of receptor --- withdrawal reflex
Substance use to deficit EPP for muscle contraction --- tubocurarine