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Matrices and Determinants 12th STD
Matrices and Determinants 12th STD
Row Matrix : A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix
i.e. B bij 1xn is a row matrix of order 1xn.
Zero Matrix : A matrix having all the elements zero is called zero matrix
or null matrix.
Diagonal Matrix : A square matrix is called a diagonal matrix if all its non
diagonal elements are zero.
I = [eij]n
where,
1 if i j
eij
0 if i j
23
XII Maths
(A) = A
(ii)
(A + B) = A + B
(iv)
(AB) = BA
(ii)
x1
1
x2
2
x3
y1
y2
y3
1
1
1
x1
The points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3) are collinear x 2
x3
y1 1
y2 1 0
y3 1
XII Maths
A = [aij]n
adj A = [Aji]n
24
Properties
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
. adj . A
A
Properties
(i)
AA1 = A1A = I
(ii)
(A1)1 = A
(iii)
(AB)1 = B1A1
(iv)
(AT)1 = (A1)T
(ii)
(iii)
25
XII Maths
1.
4
x 3
If
y 4 x y
5 4
3 9 , find x and y.
2.
i
If A
0
3.
0
0
and B
i
i
i
, find AB .
0
3
if i j
2i j
where aij
.
i 2 j 3 if i j
4.
5.
5 2
3 6
and B
If A
find 3 A 2B.
0 9
0 1
6.
2 3
1 0
If A
and B
find A B .
7 5
2 6
7.
2
If A = [1 0 4] and B 5 find AB .
6
8.
x 2
4
If A
is symmetric matrix, then find x.
2x 3 x 1
9.
3
0 2
2 0
4 is skew symmetrix matrix.
For what value of x the matrix
3 4 x 5
10.
2 3
If A
P Q where P is symmetric and Q is skew-symmetric
1 0
matrix, then find the matrix Q.
XII Maths
26
11.
a ib
Find the value of c id
12.
If
13.
k
For what value of k, the matrix
3
14.
sin 30
If A
sin 60
15.
2x 5
5x 2
c id
a ib
3
0, find x .
9
2
has no inverse.
4
cos 30
, what is |A|.
cos 60
2
6
1
3
0
5
5
4
7
1 3 2
4 5 6 .
3 5 2
16.
17.
1 2
Find the value of P, such that the matrix
is singular.
4 P
18.
Find the value of x such that the points (0, 2), (1, x) and (3, 1) are
collinear.
19.
Area of a triangle with vertices (k, 0), (1, 1) and (0, 3) is 5 unit. Find the
value (s) of k.
20.
21.
22.
What is the number of all possible matrices of order 2 3 with each entry
0, 1 or 2.
23.
Find the area of the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (6, 0) and (4, 3).
24.
If
2x 4 6 3
, find x .
1 x
2
1
27
XII Maths
25.
x y
If A z
1
y z
x
1
z x
y , write the value of det A.
1
26.
a11 a12
If A
such that |A| = 15, find a11 C21 + a12C22 where Cij is
a21 a22
cofactors of aij in A = [aij].
27.
28.
5 3
If A
find adj A
6 8
29.
Given a square matrix A of order 3 3 such that |A| = 12 find the value
of |A adj A|.
30.
31.
32.
2 1
If A
find
3 4
33.
3
If A 1 2 3 and B 4 find |AB|.
0
A 1 1 .
x y
Find x, y, z and w if
2x y
2x z
1
3x w
0
35.
1 i j if i j
aij = i 2 j if i j
2
XII Maths
28
5
.
13
36.
1 2 3
3 0 1
and A 2B
Find A and B if 2A + 3B =
.
2 0 1
1 6 2
37.
1
If A 2 and B 2 1 4 , verify that (AB) = BA.
3
38.
3 1
3
4 5 2
is a skew-symmetric matrix.
39.
cos
If A =
sin
sin
cos n sin n
, then prove that An
cos
sin n cos n
40.
2 1
5 2
2 5
Let A
, B
, C
41.
1 3 2 1
1
x
1
2 5 1 2 0
Find the value of x such that
15 3 2 x
42.
2
2
cos sin sin
cos sin sin
43.
.
2
5 3
2
1
If A
show that A 12A I = 0. Hence find A .
12 7
29
XII Maths
44.
2 3
2
If A
find f(A) where f(x) = x 5x 2.
4 7
45.
4
If A
2
46.
1 2 3
Find the matrix X so that X
4 5 6
47.
2 3
1 2
1
1 1
If A
and B
48.
3
, find x and y such that A2 xA + yI = 0.
5
7 8 9
2 4 6 .
49.
6 3
, if possible.
A
1
2
50.
3 1
By using elementary column transformation, find the inverse of A
.
5 2
51.
cos
If A
sin
sin
and A + A = I, then find the general value of .
cos
52.
a b c
2a
2a
3
2b
b c a
2b
a b c
2c
2c
c a b
53.
x 2 x 3 x 2a
x 3 x 4 x 2b 0 if a, b, c are in A.P .
x 4 x 5 x 2c
54.
XII Maths
30
c
b
55.
56.
59.
a ab
b
a b
2 2 2
4a b c .
2
a b
a
p q 2 p
x y
x
ac c
ac
bc
b
x b
b
b
q
y
c
r .
z
2
2 2 2
4a b c .
c
2
c
x x a b c .
x c
Show that :
x
yz
(i)
(ii)
61.
bc
60.
c a
r p
z x
x a
a
a
a
c
ab
58.
b c
q r
y z
a
57.
z y z z x x y yz zx xy .
xy
y
zx
2
If A
2
0
Given A
2
5
4
and B
1
2
1
2
3
verity that AB A B .
5
0
2
and B 1
0
1
1
0 . Find the product AB and
1
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x
a x 0.
a x
31
XII Maths
63.
0
If A
tan
2
that,
tan 2
and I is the identity matrix of order 2, show
0
cos
I A I A
sin
64.
sin
cos
Obtain the inverse of the following matrix using elementary row operations
0 1 2
A 1 2 3 .
3 1 1
66.
1
1 1 2 2 0
0
67.
2 3 3
1 1 1
3 1 2
10,
10,
13.
x y z
x y z
x y z
68.
1
where A 2
3
equations :
F ind A1,
2
3
3
3
2 , hence solve the system of linear
4
x + 2y 3z = 4
2x + 3y + 2z = 2
3x 3y 4z = 11
XII Maths
32
69.
70.
3
A 15
5
71.
If the matrix
1
6
2
1
A 0
3
1
5 and verify that A1 A = I3.
5
1
2
2
2
1
1
3 and B 0
1
4
2
3
0
0
1 ,
2
then
compute (AB)1.
72.
0 1 1
A 2 3I
.
if A 1 0 1 . Also show that A 1
2
1 1 0
73.
Find A
74.
75.
2 3
2
Let A
and f(x) = x 4x + 7. Show that f (A) = 0. Use this result
1
2
2
3
2
2
0 by using elementary
1
to find A5.
76.
cos sin 0
If A sin cos 0 , verify that A . (adj A) = (adj A) . A = |A| I3.
0
0
1
33
XII Maths
77.
2 1 1
For the matrix A 1 2 1 , verify that A3 6A2 + 9A 4I = 0, hence
1 1 2
find A1.
78.
3 2
7 5 . X
79.
1 a2 b 2
2ab
2b
2ab
1 a2 b 2
2a
2b
2a
1 a2 b 2
y z 2
80.
81.
1 1 2 1
.
2 1 0 4
xy
zx
2
xy
x z
yz
xz
yz
x y 2
2xyz x y z .
a
ab
a b c
2a 3a 2b 4a 3b 2c a 3 .
3a 6a 3b 10a 6b 3c
x
82.
z
83.
1 a 2 b 2 .
x 2 1 x 3
y 2 1 y 3 0. Show that xyz = 1.
z2
1 z 3
If x, y, z are the 10th, 13th and 15th terms of a G.P. find the value of
log x
log y
log z
XII Maths
10 1
13 1 .
15 1
34
84.
1 a 1
1
1 1 1
1
1 b 1
abc 1 abc bc ca ab
a b c
1
1
1 c
85.
bc
b 2 bc
c 2 bc
a 2 ac
ac
c 2 ac ab bc ca
a 2 ab b 2 ab
86.
If
ab
3 2 1
A 4 1 2 , find A1 and hence solve the system of equations
7 3 3
3x + 4y + 7z = 14, 2x y + 3z = 4, x + 2y 3z = 0.
ANSWERS
1.
x = 2, y = 7
2.
0 1
1 0
3.
11.
4.
5.
9 6
0 29 .
6.
3 5
3 1 .
7.
AB = [26].
8.
x = 5
9.
x = 5
10.
0
1
11.
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2.
12.
x = 13
13.
14.
|A| = 1.
15.
46
16.
3
2
35
1
.
0
XII Maths
5
.
3
17.
P = 8
18.
19.
10
.
3
20.
54.
21.
40.
22.
729
23.
9 sq. units
24.
x = 2
25.
26.
27.
28.
8 3
6 5 .
29.
1728
30.
|A| = 9
31.
100
32.
11
33.
|AB| = 11
34.
x = 1, y = 2, z = 3, w = 4
35.
3 3 2 5 2
4 5
2 .
7
5 6
36.
9
11
7 7
A
1 18
7
7
9
5
7
7
,
B
4
4
7
7
40.
191
D
77
110
.
44
43.
45.
2
7
12
1
7
5
7
41.
x = 2 or 14
3
7
A 1
.
12 5
44.
f(A) = 0
x = 9, y = 14
46.
1 2
x
.
2 0
XII Maths
36
48.
Inconsistent
49.
50.
2 1
A 1
.
5 3
51.
2n
61.
1
AB
2
62
0, 3a
2
1 2
1
, AB
2
6 2
64.
2
.
1
11
24
65.
67.
2
4
5
2
1
2
3
3
2
2
1 .
1
2
1
1
1
x , y , z
2
3
5
x = 1, y = 2, z = 2
71.
AB 1 1 21 11 7 .
19
10 2
73.
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 .
2
1 1 1
, y
24
x = 0, y = 5, z = 3
6 17 13
1
14 5 8
67
15 9 1
70.
72.
x = 3, y = 2, z = 1.
68.
69.
16 12
66.
, n z
3
2 0 1
5 1 0
0 1 3
74.
37
3 2 6
1 1 2
2 2 5
XII Maths
75.
93
118
A5
.
31 118
77.
78.
16 3
X
.
24 5
83.
86.
x = 1, y = 1, z = 1.
XII Maths
38
3
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
1 .
3