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Electrical Machines-Ii: M.A.M.School of Engineering, Siruganur, Trichy
Electrical Machines-Ii: M.A.M.School of Engineering, Siruganur, Trichy
M.A.M.SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING,
SIRUGANUR, TRICHY
ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II
LAB MANUAL
: ELECTRICAL MACHINES-II
subject code
: EE1303
Year/Semester
: III / v
Branch
: EEE
STAFF INCHARGE
HOD/EEE
PREFACE
This Laboratory book in Electrical Machines II has been revised in order to be up to date with
Curriculum changes, laboratory equipment upgrading and the latest circuit simulation.
Every effort has been made to correct all the known errors, but nobody is perfect,
if you find any additional errors or anything else you think is an error, Please contact the
HOD/EEE.The Authors thanked all the staff members from the department for their valuable
Suggestion and contribution
The Authors
Department of EEE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sl.No
1.
3.
Experiment Name
Regulation of 3-phase alternator by EMF and MMF
methods.
Regulation of 3-phase alternator by ZPF and ASA
methods.
Regulation of 3-phase salient pole alternator by Slip test
4.
5.
6a
6b
7
8
10
11
2.
Appendix
Page No
1
LABORATORY PRACTICE
SAFETY RULES
1.
2.Electricity NEVER EXECUSES careless persons. So, exercise enough care and attention in handling
electrical equipment and follow safety practices in the laboratory. (Electricity is a good servant but a bad
master).
3.Avoid direct contact with any voltage source and power line voltages. (Otherwise, any such contact may
subject you to electrical shock)
4.Wear rubber-soled shoes. (To insulate you from earth so that even if you accidentally contact a live
point, current will not flow through your body to earth and hence you will be protected from electrical
shock)
5.Wear laboratory-coat and avoid loose clothing. (Loose clothing may get caught on an
equipment/instrument and this may lead to an accident particularly if the equipment happens to be a
rotating machine)
6.Girl students should have their hair tucked under their coat or have it in a knot.
7.Do not wear any metallic rings, bangles, bracelets, wristwatches and neck chains. (When you move your
hand/body, such conducting items may create a short circuit or may touch a live point and thereby subject
you to electrical shock)
8.Be certain that your hands are dry and that you are not standing on wet floor. (Wet parts of the body
reduce the contact resistance thereby increasing the severity of the shock)
9.Ensure that the power is OFF before you start connecting up the circuit.(Otherwise you will be touching
the live parts in the circuit)
10.Get your circuit diagram approved by the staff member and connect up the circuit strictly as per the
approved circuit diagram.
11.Check power chords for any sign of damage and be certain that the chords use safety plugs and do not
defeat the safety feature of these plugs by using ungrounded plugs.
12.When using connection leads, check for any insulation damage in the leads and avoid such defective
leads.
13.Do not defeat any safety devices such as fuse or circuit breaker by shorting across it. Safety devices
protect YOU and your equipment.
14.Switch on the power to your circuit and equipment only after getting them checked up and approved
by the staff member.
15.Take the measurement with one hand in your pocket. (To avoid shock in case you accidentally touch
two points at different potentials with your two hands)
16.Do not make any change in the connection without the approval of the staff member.
17.In case you notice any abnormal condition in your circuit ( like insulation heating up, resistor heating
up etc ), switch off the power to your circuit immediately and inform the staff member.
18.Keep hot soldering iron in the holder when not in use.
19.After completing the experiment show your readings to the staff member and switch off the power to
your circuit after getting approval from the staff member.
20.While performing load-tests in the Electrical Machines Laboratory using the brake-drums:
i.
ii.
iii.
Avoid the brake-drum from getting too hot by putting just enough water into the brakedrum at intervals; use the plastic bottle with a nozzle (available in the laboratory ) to pour
the water.(When the drum gets too hot, it will burn out the braking belts)
Do not stand in front of the brake-drum when the supply to the load-test circuit is switched
off. (Otherwise, the hot water in the brake-drum will splash out on you)
After completing the load-test, suck out the water in the brake-drum using the plastic
bottle with nozzle and then dry off the drum with a spongewhich is available in the
laboratory.(The water, if allowed to remain in the brake-drum, will corrode it)
21.Determine the correct rating of the fuse/s to be connected in the circuit after understanding correctly
the type of the experiment to be performed: no-load test or full-load test, the maximum current expected in
the circuit and accordingly use that fuse-rating.(While an over-rated fuse will damage the equipment and
other instruments like ammeters and watt-meters in case of over load, an under-rated fuse may not allow
one even to start the experiment)
22. At the time of starting a motor, the ammeter connected in the armature circuit overshoots, as the
starting current is around 5 times the full load rating of the motor. Moving coil ammeters being very
delicate, may get damaged due to high starting current. A switch has been provided on such meters to
disconnect the moving coil of the meter during starting. This switch should be closed after the motor
attains full speed. Moving iron ammeters and current coils of wattmeters are not so delicate and hence
these can stand short time overload due to high starting current. No such switch is therefore provided on
these meters. Moving iron meters are cheaper and more rugged compared to moving coil meters. Moving
iron meters can be used for both a.c. and d.c. measurement. Moving coil instruments are however more
sensitive and more accurate as compared to their moving iron counterparts and these can be used for d.c.
measurements only. Good features of moving coil instruments are not of much consequence for you as
other sources of errors in the experiments are many times more than those caused by these meters.
23. Some students have been found to damage meters by mishandling in the following ways:
i.
Keeping unnecessary material like books, lab records, unused meters etc. causing meters to
fall down the table.
ii.
Putting pressure on the meter (specially glass) while making connections or while talking
or listening somebody.
STUDENTS ARE STRICTLY WARNED THAT FULL COST OF THE METER WILL BE
RECOVERED FROM THE INDIVIDUAL WHO HAS DAMAGED IT IN SUCH A
MANNER.
Copy these rules in your Lab Record. Observe these yourself and
help your friends to observe..
I have read and understand these rules and procedures. I agree to abide by these rules
and procedures at all times while using these facilities. I understand that failure to follow
these rules and procedures will result in my immediate dismissal from the laboratory and
additional disciplinary action may be taken.
Signature
Date
Lab
results.
8.Graphs:
Graphs are used to present large amounts of data in a concise
visual form. Data to be presented in graphical form should be plotted in the
laboratory so that any questionable data points can be checked while the
experiment is still set up. The grid lines in the notebook can be used for most
graphs. If special graph paper is required, affix the graph permanently into the
notebook. Give all graphs a short descriptive title. Label and scale the axes.
Use units of measure. Label each curve if more than one on a graph.
9.Results:
The results should be presented in a form which makes the
interpretation easy. Large amounts of numerical results are generally presented in
graphical form. Tables are generally used for small amounts of results.
Theoretical and experimental results should be on the same graph or arrange in the
same table in a way for easy correlation of these results.
10.Conclusion:
This is your interpretation of the results of the experiment as
an engineer. Be brief and specific. Give reasons for important discrepancies.
If steps I through 5 are correct then you probably have used a component with the wrong
value or one that doesnt work. It is also possible that the equipment does not work
(although this is not probable0 or the protoboard you are using may have some unwanted
paths between nodes. To find your problem you must trace through the voltages in your
circuit node by node and compare the signal you expect to have. Then if they are different
use your engineering judgment to decide what is causing the different or ask your lab
assistant
EXP.NO. 1
DATE:
Type
MC
MI
MC
MI
Wire wound
Wire wound
Digital
--
Range
0 1/2 A
0 5/10 A
0 10 V
0 600 V
250 , 1.5 A
1200, 0.8 A
----
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
THEORY:
The regulation of a 3-phase alternator may be predetermined by conducting the Open
Circuit (OC) and the Sort Circuit (SC) tests. The methods employed for determination of
regulation are EMF or synchronous impedance method, MMF or Ampere Turns method and the
ZPF or Potier triangle method. In this experiment, the EMF and MMF methods are used. The OC
and SC graphs are plotted from the two tests. The synchronous impedance is found from the OC
test. The regulation is then determined at different power factors by calculations using vector
diagrams. The EMF method is also called pessimistic method as the value of regulation obtained
is much more than the actual value. The MMF method is also called optimistic method as the
value of regulation obtained is much less than the actual value. In the MMF method the armature
leakage reactance is treated as an additional armature reaction. In both methods the OC and SC
test data are utilized.
PRECAUTIONS:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
The motor field rheostat should be kept in the minimum resistance position.
The alternator field potential divider should be kept in the minimum voltage
position.
Initially all switches are in open position.
4. Using the Three point starter, start the motor to run at the synchronous speed by adjusting
the motor field rheostat.
5. Conduct Open Circuit test by varying the potential divider for various values of field
current and tabulate the corresponding Open Circuit Voltage readings.
6. Conduct Short Circuit test by closing the TPST switch and adjust the potential divider to
set the rated armature current and tabulate the corresponding field current.
7. The Stator resistance per phase is determined by connecting any one phase stator winding
of the alternator as per the circuit diagram using MC voltmeter and ammeter of suitable
ranges.
PROCEDURE TO DRAW GRAPH FOR EMF METHOD:
1. Draw the Open Circuit Characteristic curve (Generated Voltage per phase VS Field
current).
2. Draw the Short Circuit Characteristics curve (Short circuit current VS Field current)
3. From the graph find the open circuit voltage per phase (E1 (ph) for the rated short
circuit current (Isc).
4. By using respective formulae find the Zs, Xs, Eo and percentage regulation.
PROCEDURE TO DRAW GRAPH FOR MMF METHOD:
1. Draw the Open Circuit Characteristic curve (Generated Voltage per phase VS Field
current).
2. Draw the Short Circuit Characteristics curve (Short circuit current VS Field current)
3. Draw the line OL to represent
FORMULAE:
1. Armature Resistance Ra =
(V + IaRa)2 + ( IaXs)2
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is meant by voltage regulation?
2. What is meant by Synchronous Impedance?
3. What is OC test ?
4. What is SC test?
5. What is meant by mmf or field ampere turns?
S.No.
Power
factor
Lag
% Regulation
Lead
Lag
Lead
MMF METHOD:
SL.NO.
P.F
Vph
(V)
If1
(A)
If2
(A)
Lag
Ifr
(A)
Lead
Eph (V)
Lag
Lead
% Regulation
Lag
Lead
EXP.NO. 2
DATE:
APPARATURS REQUIRED:
SL.NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Type
MC
MI
MC
MI
Wire wound
Wire wound
Digital
--
Range
0 1/2 A
0 5/10 A
0 10 V
0 600 V
250 , 1.5 A
1200, 0.8 A
----
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
FORMULAE USED:
Percentage regulation = Eo Vrated x 100
Vrated
PRECAUTION:
(i)
The motor field rheostat should be kept in the minimum resistance position.
(ii)
The Alternator field potential divider should be in the position of minimum
potential.
(iii) Initially all switches are in open position.
PROCEDURE FOR BOTH POTIER AND ASA METHODS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
4. Draw the ZPF curve which passing through the point A and B in such a way parallel to
the open circuit characteristics curve.
5. Draw the tangent for the OCC curve from the origin (i.e.) air gap line.
6. Draw the line BC from B towards Y-axis, which is parallel and equal to OA.
7. Draw the parallel line for the tangent from C to the OCC curve.
8. Join the points B and D also drop the perpendicular line DE to BC, where the line DE
represents armature leakage reactance drop (IXL)
BE represents armature reaction excitation (Ifa).
9. Extend the line BC towards the Y-axis up to the point O. The same line intersects the air
gap line at point G.
10. Mark the point I in Y-axis with the magnitude of Eair and draw the line from I towards
OCC curve which should be parallel to X-axis. Let this line cut the air gap line at point H
and the OCC curve at point F.
11. Mention the length OG, HF and OA.
RESULT:
Thus the regulation of 3-phase alternator has been predetermined by the Potier and ASA
methods.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is meant by ZPF Test?
2. What is Potier reactance? How is it determined by Potier triangle?
3. What is meant by armature reaction reactance?
4. What is the significance of the ASA modification of MMF method?
5. What is air gap line in Potier method?
EXP.NO. 3
DATE:
SLIP TEST ON 3-PHASE ALTERNATOR
AIM:
To conduct a slip test on 3- alternator and pre-determine the regulation through vector
diagram.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.no
1
Name of
Apparatus
Ammeter
Voltmeter
3
4
5
6
Rheostat
Tachometer
TPST Switch
Connecting
Wires
Range
Type
Quantity
(0-5)A
(0-1)A
(0-150)V
(0-5)V
250 /1.5A
MI
MC
MI
MC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
As reqd.
Digital
FUSE RATING:
(a)For Motor- 125% of rated current
= 125% of 17A=21.25A=25A
(b)For Alternator- 125% of rated current
=125% of 4A= 5A
THEORY:
In a salient pole alternator, the reactance of magnetic circuit along is along its quad stator axis.
The alternator is driven by auxiliary prime mover at a speed slightly less than the synchronous
speed under these conditions. The armature current is when the armature current mmf is in line
with the field poles. The reactance by the magnetic field current is minimum. The ratio of
maximum voltage to minimum current gives the direct axis impedance and the ratio of minimum
voltage to maximum current gives the armature axis impedance.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor field rheostat should be kept in minimum.
2. The direction of the rotation due to prime mover and the alternator on the motor should
be the same.
3. Initially all the switches are kept open.
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5. Xq = Zq2 Rd2
6. Id = Ia sin amps
7. Iq = Ia cos amps
8. %Reg = (Eo-V/V)*100
Where,
Zd = direct axis impedance in
Zq = quadrate axis impedance in
Xd = direct axis reactance in
Xq = quadrate axis reactance in
Id = direct axis current in amps
Ia = quadrate axis current in amps
GRAPH:
Power Factor VS % regulation.
RESULT:
Thus the pre-determination of regulation of 3-phase alternator by vector diagram was
obtained.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is the purpose of slip test on 3 phase alternator?
2. What is meant by direct axis reactance?
3. What is meant by quadrature axis reactance?
4. How is the regulation of alternator predetermined by slip test?
5. What is the difference between salient pole alternator and cylindrical rotor type
alternator?
Vmax
Vmin
Imax
Imin
% Regulation
Lagging
Leading
Unity
0.2
--
0.4
--
0.6
--
0.8
--
1.0
EXP.NO. 4
DATE:
3 alternator
DC shunt motor
3Load
FUSE RATING:
125% of rated current (full load current)
For DC shunt motor:
For ac alternator
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Ammeter
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Frequency meter
Rheostat
Rheostat
Tachometer
MC
MI
MI
Reed
Wire
wound
Wire
wound
Digital
0-2A
0 10 A
0 600 V
0 60 Hz
1200
0.8 A
250
1.5 A
--
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PRECAUTIONS:
(1) The motor field rheostat should be in minimum resistance position.
(2) The Alternator field Potential divider should be at minimum voltage position.
(3) Initially all switches are in open position.
PROCEDURE:
SYNCHRONISATION:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
LOAD SHARING
(1)
(2)
(3)
V-CURVE
(1)
RESULT:
The 3 phase alternator has been synchronized with the bus bars and the load
characteristics obtained.
VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. What is meant by synchronization?
2. What are the conditions for synchronization?
3. What is infinite bus?
4. What are the methods of synchronization?
5. How can the voltage and frequency be adjusted?
EXP.NO. 5
DATE:
AIM
To draw the V and inverted V curves of a 3 phase Synchronous Motor.
DC EXCITATION
FUSE RATING:l
125% of rated current (full load current)
For DC excitation:
For synchronous motor:]
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of the
Type
apparatus
1
Ammeter
MI
range
Quantity
(0-5)A
2.
Voltmeter
MI
(0-600)V
3.
Ammeter
MC
(0-2)A
4.
Rheostat
5.
Wattmeter
200,15A 1
UPF
600V,5A
PRECAUTION:
(1) The Potential barrier should be in maximum position.
(2) The motor should be started without load .
(3) Initially TPST switch is in open position.
PROCEDURE:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
GRAPH:
The graph is drawn for(1) Armature current Vs Excitation current.
(2) Power factor Vs Excitation current.
RESULT:
The V-curves and inverted V-curves of the 4 phase synchronous motor have been drawn.
EXP.NO. 6 A
DATE:
Name of
apparatus
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Wattmeter
Tachometer
3-
autotransformer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Range
Type
Qty.
(0-5)A
(0-600)V
(600V,5A)
MI
MI
UPF
Digital
1
1
2
1
1
FUSE RATING;
125% of 4.8A=6A=10A
THEORY:
A 3-phase induction motor consists of stator and rotor with the other associated parts. In the
stator, a 3-phase winding is provided. The windings of the three phase are displaced in space by
120.A 3-phase current is fed to the 3-phase winding. These windings produce a resultant
magnetic flux and it rotates in space like a solid magnetic poles being rotated magnetically.
% slip= (Ns-N/Ns)*100
Input Power = (W1+W2)watts
Output Power = 2NT/60 watts
Torque = 9.81*(S1-S2)*R N-m
% efficiency = (o/p power/i/p power)* 100
GRAPHS1)
2)
3)
4)
RESULT
Thus the performance characteristics of a 3- squirrel cage induction motor by conducting load
test has been drawn.
EXP.NO. 6 B
DATE:
APPARATUS REQUIRED :
S.NO
1
2
3
4
NAME OF
APPARATUS
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Wattmeter
Tachometer
RANGE
(0-10)A
(0-600)V
(600V,10A)
TYPE
QTY.
MI
MI
UPF
Digital
1
2
1
PRECAUTIONS:
1. TPST switch is kept open initially.
2. The external resistance in the rotor circuit should be kept at max. value.
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
2. After observing precautions motor is started on no load.
3. As speed increases, the external resistance is gradually cut out.
4. The no-load readings are taken.
5. If the pointer in one of the wattmeter reverses, interchange the current coil terminals and
take the reading as negative.
6. The meter readings are then noted for various load conditions.
FORMULAE USED:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
GRAPHS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
RESULT:
The load test on 3- slip ring induction motor was conducted and the performance
characteristics curves were plotted.
EXP.NO. 7
DATE:
To conduct the no load & blocked rotor test on 3- phase induction motor
& to draw the equivalent circuit of 3- phase squirrel cage induction motor.
APPARATUS REQUIRED :z
S.NO
1.
NAME OF
APPARATUS
Voltmeter
2.
Ammeter
3.
Wattmeter
4.
Connecting wire
RANGE
TYPE
QTY
(0-600)V
(0-150)V
(0-10)A
MI
MI
MI
01
01
01
(600V,5A)
(150V,10A)
UPF
LPF
01
01
As required
THEORY :A 3-phase induction motor consists of stator, rotor & other associated parts. In the stator
,a 3- phase winding (provided) are displaced in space by 120. A3- phase current is fed to the
winding so that a resultant rotating magnetic flux is generated. The rotor starts rotating due to the
induction effect produced due the relative velocity between the rotor
Winding & the rotating flux.
PRECAUTIONS
:-
NO LOAD TEST
(1).
(2).
(3).
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST (1). Initially the TPST switch is kept open.
(2). Autotransformer must be kept at minimum potential position.
(3). The machine should be started on full load.
FORMULA USED-
TABULAR COLUMNS
NO LOAD TEST:
S.No
Voltage
Voc
Current
Ioc
Volts
Amps
Wattmeter
readings (W1)
Observed
W1 x
mf1
Actual
Watts
Wattmeter
readings (W2)
Observed
W2 x
mf2
Actual
Watts
W1 x
mf1
Actual
Watts
Wattmeter
W2 x
readings(W2) mf2
observed
Actual
Watts
Voltage
Vsc
Volts
Current
Isc
Amps
1.
Wattmeter
readings(W1)
Observed
EXP.NO. 8
DATE:
STUDY OF SYNCHRONOUS INDUCTION MOTOR
PROCEDURE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
EXP.NO. 9
DATE:
STUDY OF INDUCTION MOTOR STARTERS
AIM:
To study and connect
(1) Direct Online Starter
(2) Auto transformer Starter
(3) Star Delta Starter
(4) Rotor Resistance Starter
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL.NO
NAME OF APPARATUS
1.
DOL Starter
2.
Auto transformer Starter
3.
Star Delta Starter
4.
Rotor Resistance Starter
QUANTITY
1 No.
1 No.
1 No.
1 No.
THEORY:
NECESSITY OF STARTERS:
An induction motor is similar to a secondary short circuit three phase transformer so if
normal voltage is applied to the motor it takes 5 to 6 times of normal current from the mains and
starting torque is also increased to around 1.5 to 2.5 times of their full load torque. This initial
excessive starting current is objectionable, because it will produce large line voltage drop,
which in turn will affect the operation of the other electrical equipments connected to the same
mains. So the starters are used to reduce the starting current of induction motor and also to
protect the motor and also used to protect the motor from overloading and low voltages.
TYPES OF STARTERS:
(1) Direct Online Starter
(2) Auto transformer Starter
(3) Star Delta Starter
(4) Rotor Resistance Starter
DIRECT ON LINE STARTER [DOL STARTER]:Generally when the starter winding of on induction motor are connected to the
Supply directly .a very large current of about 5-8 times full load current flow initially.
such a starting .of the induction motor is called direct on line starting. The initial stage
current decreases of the motor starts accelerating and running at normal speed.
Unlike d.c motors where such a starting can damage the windings due to a lsent 0/- back
Emf at start induction motor can le started .This way through out not expandly in a short space
of time called cycling .The only effect of the shorting is the sudden line voltage drop that occurs
which may affect other electrically equipments on the same time line .hence direct an line
starting is not advisable for motor with rating greater than 5 HP. The points to be kept in mind
for DOL starting are
Whether other electrical equipment connected to the same lines can with stand
The sudden voltage fluctuation caused by the starting.
Whether the generator and distribution system can with stand the high voltage
Dip and large current drawn .
In case of loads having high inertia like centrifugal oil separate time may also be a
factor
EXP.NO. 10
DATE:
Auto Transformer
FUSE RATING:
No load :10% of rated current (full load current).
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S.No Name of the apparatus
Type
Range
Quantity
1.
MI
(0-10)A
MC
(0-1)A
MI
(0-600)V
MC
(0-5)V
LPF
600V,5A
(415/0470)V
2.
Ammeter
Voltmeter
3.
Wattmeter
4.
3- Auto Transformer
Rheostat
5.
1200/0.8A
PRECAUTIONS:
(1) The autotransformer should be kept in minimum voltage position.
(2) the motor should not be loaded throughout the experiment.
PROCEDURE:
(1) Connections should be made as per the circuit diagram.
(2) by giving three phase supply , start the motor.
(3)vary the autotransformer till rated speed is attainsd and note the input power, voltage and
current.
(4)repeat the same procedure for and tabulate the reading.
(5)find the stator copper loss and constant loss by respective formulas.
(6)draw the suitable graph to find the mechanical losses.
(7)obtain the core los by separating the mechanical loss fom constant losses.
GRAPH:
The graph drawn between constant losses(watts) and input voltage(volts).
MODEL CALCULATIONS:
1. Input power(W) =(W1+W2)in watts
2. Stator copper loss =3I2Rs in watts
3. Constant loss/phase(Wc)= (W-3I2Rs)/3 in watts
4 Core loss/phase (Wi)= (constant loss/phase)-mechanical loss
RESULT:
Thus the no load losses of 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor was separated as core
losses and mechanical losses.
EXP.NO. 11
DATE:
LOAD TEST ON SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
AIM:
To determine the performance characteristic of a given single phase capacitor start
induction motor by conducting load test.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
SL. NO
1
2
3
4
5
APPARATUS
RANGE
Voltmeter
(0-300)V
Ammeter
(0-10)A
Wattmeter
300 V, 10A
Tachometer
Connecting wires
TYPE
MI
MI
UPF
QUANTITY
1
1
1
1
As required
FUSE RATING :
Fuse rating = 125% of rated current = 125/100 * 7.5
10A
THEORY:
The single phase induction motor is more or less a polyphase induction motor. The only
difference is that is given supply in single phase. This motor connect and motor function
without any initial start the motor having some part which is called starter and rotor.
These
are two types of starting a 1 phase induction motor namely capacitor-start and other is
splitphase. These motors are widely used in domestic purpose.
PRECAUTION:
1) Before switching on the supply the variac is kept in minimum position.
2) Initially these should be on no load while starting the motor.
PROCEDURE:
1)
2)
3)
FORMULA USED:
1) Torque ,T = (S1~S2)*9.81*R N.m
2) Output power = 2 NT/60*W
3) Effecting (%) = 0/P Power/I/p Power*100
4) Slip (%S) = NS N/NS*100
5) Power factor = Cos =W/VI
GRAPH :
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
RESULT:
Thus load test on the single phase induction motor has been conducted and its
performance characteristics determined.
TABULAR COLUMN
Sl.No.
VL
V
IL
A
Speed(N)
RPM
S1
Kg
S2
Kg
S1 S2
Kg
m.f =
Torque Wattmeter Reading
N-m
Observed Actual
Output Efficiency
Power
PF= cos
W
%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
MODEL CALCULATION:
Input power = W x m.f =
Watts
Output power = 2NT/ 60 Watts
Torque T= (S1~S2)*9.81*R N-m, where R is the radius of the brake drum in metre
Output power
Efficiency =
x 100
Input power
EXP.NO. 12
DATE:
Name of
Apparatus
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Wattmeter
Connecting
wires
Range
Type
Qty.
(0-300)V
(0-150)V
(0-10)A
(0-2)A
(330V,10A)
(300V,5A)
MI
MI
MI
MI
UPF
LPF
1
1
1
1
1
1
As reqd.
FUSE RATING:
125% of 7.6A=10A
THEORY:
A 1- induction motor consists of stator,rotor and other associated parts.In the rotor of a single
phase winding is provided.The windings of a 1- winding(provided) are displaced in space by
120.A single phase current is fed to the windings so that a resultant rotating magnetic flux is
generated.The rotor starts rotating due to the induction effect produced due to the relative
velocity between the rotor winding and the rotating flux.
PRECAUTIONS:
NO LOAD TEST:
PROCEDURE:
NO LOAD TEST:
1. Connections are given as per the circuit diagram.
2. Precautions are observed and the motor is started at no load.
3. Autotransformer is varied to have a rated voltage applied.
BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reff = 1.5*Rdc
FORMULAENO LOAD TEST
cos = Wo/VoIo
Iw = Io cos
Im = Io sin
Ro = Vo/Iw
Xo = Vo/Im
RESULTThus the no load and blocked rotor test on the single phase induction motor has been conducted
and the equivalent circuit has been drawn.
TABULATION
NO LOAD TEST-
S.No.
Vo(volts)
Io(amps)
Wo(watts)
Observed Acual
m.f
S.No.
Vsc(volts)
Isc(amps)
m.f
Wsc(watts)
Observed Actual