THE ROLE OF SKELETON

1) Support for animals that live on land,

the air does not support softer tissues
like muscle and so the hard,
incompressible bone holds the rest of the
body in position

THE ROLE OF SKELETON

2) Protection vital tissues and organs can
be protected from physical damage by a
covering of bone
For example, the brain is protected from
shock inside the skull and the heart and
lungs are protected inside the rib cage

THE ROLE OF SKELETON

3) Movement (locomotion) bones meet at
joints which form levers
Muscle pull on these levers to move the
body
4) Storage both calcium and phosphate
are stored in the bone
5) Manufacture of blood cells the marrow
inside some of the bones make blood cells

THE VERTEBRATE SKELETON

Is made up of :
1) An axis the skull, backbone and rib
cage
2) Appendages the arms and legs
constructed to the same pattern
3) Girdles which connect the appendages
to the axis

THE VERTEBRATE SKELETON

ENDOSKELETON
1) Skull protects the brain
2) Backbone supports the human body in
upright position
3) Forelimb movement of this helps in
feeding and the use of tools
4) Pelvic girdle like all bones is a store of
calcium and phosphate
5) Long bone of leg (femur) has marrow
where bone cells are manufactured

EXOSKELETON
The exoskeleton is made of chitin which :
1) Prevents water loss
2) Protects the soft tissues, like muscles
from predators
3) Must be shed and replaced as the insect
grows (the insect is vulnerable during
shedding)
* Crustaceans such as crabs have a similar
exoskeleton

HYDROSKELETON
Soft-bodied animals have a hydroskeleton
The watery fluid is incompressible and
forms an almost solid structure when it is
squeezed by the muscle layers