SKELETAL

SYSTEM

BY:
ERMELINDA G. ALASTRA
RN.MN.

Skeletal System
- consists of bones, joints,
cartilages, and ligaments
- provides an internal
framework for the body,
protects organs by enclosure,
 and anchors skeletal muscles
so that muscle contraction can
cause movement

Skeleton – from greek word

which means “dried-up
body”.

Divisions of the Skeletal

System
1. Axial Skeleton – bones that
form the longitudinal axis of
the body.
 2. Appendicular Skeleton –
bones of the limbs and
girdles.
•
Functions of the Bones
1. Support
- bones are the “steel girdlers”
and “reinforced concrete” of
the body
- forms the internal
framework of the body
- example:
a) Bones of the leg act as
pillars to support the body
trunk when we stand
 b) rib cage support the
thoracic wall

2. Protection
- protect soft organs of the
body
- example:
a) the fused bones of the
skull provides an enclosure
for the brain
b) the vertebrae surrounds
the spinal cord
 c) the rib cage
protect/cover the vital organs
of the thorax

3. Movement
- Skeletal muscles attached to
bones used bones as levers to
move the body and its parts.

4. Storage
- stores fats in the internal cavities
- serves as a storehouse for
minerals most importantly Ca and
P.
5. Blood Cell Formation
(hematopoiesis)
- occurs within the marrow
cavities of certain bones

Types of Bone Tissue

1. compact bone – hard bones
2. spongy bone – soft bones
Classification of Bones
1. long bones
2. short bones
3. flat bones
4. irregular bones
Long Bones
 - typically longer than wide and
mostly compact
- examples:
bones of the limbs (femur and
humerus) except for the wrist
and ankle
Short bones
- generally cube-shaped and
composed mostly spongy
bones
- examples:
bones of the wrist (carpals)
and ankle (talus)
Flat bones
- thin, flattened and usually
curved
 - with two thin layers of
compact bone sandwiching a
layer of spongy bone
- examples:
bones of the skull, ribs, and
breastbone (sternum)
Irregular Bones
- those that do not fit among
the three classes
- examples:
vertebrae and hip bone
(pelvic girdle)
Ossification – process of bone
formation.

“ Skeleton is formed from the

two of the strongest and most
supportive tissues in the body
– cartilage and bone tissue”
• FRACTURES AND THEIR REPAIR
A fracture means that a bone has
been broken.
 There are different types of
fractures classified as to extent of
damage

• Simple (closed)—the broken

parts are still in normal anatomic
position; surrounding tissue
damage is minimal (skin is not
pierced).

• Comminuted—two or more
intersecting breaks create several
bone fragments.
• Impacted—the broken ends of a
bone are forced into one
 another; many bone fragments
may be created.
• Pathologic (spontaneous)—a
bone breaks without apparent
trauma; may accompany bone
disorders such as osteoporosis.