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in

X - MATHEMATICS BY SHORT CUT AND EASY

METHOD

,q;F jug;gl;Ls;s mizj;J fzf;FfSk; Gj;jfj;jpypUe;J khw;W

Kiwapy; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j Kiwfs; mizj;Jk; CBSE, ICSE, Ntjpf;
fzpjk;>kw;Wk; Neghs ehl;bd; fzpj Gj;jfj;jpy; gpd;gw;w gl;l vspa Kiwfspy;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;Kiwfs; mizj;Jk; khzth;fSf;Fk;> Mrphpah;fSf;Fk; kpf
gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;fk; vd ek;GfpNwd;.khzth;fs; vspjpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk;
tifapy; mjpf tpsf;fq;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,it khzth;fspd; GhpjYf;fhf
kl;LNk. Njh;Tfspy; mjpf tpsf;fq;fs; vOj Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

th

10 MATHEMATICS
BY EASY AND
SHORTCUT
METHOD
BY
K. RAVI MADESWARAN,
M.Sc., M.Phil., M.A., M.A., M.Ed., P.G.D.V.E&S
BT. ASSISTANT,
GOVERNMENT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL,
VALLIPATTU, VANIYAMBADI - 635 752.
VELLORE DISTRICT.

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vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2.6
xU G+e;Njhl;lj;jpy; Kjy; thpirapy; 23 Nuh[hr; nrbfs;> ,uz;lhk;
thpirapy; 21 Nuh[hr; nrbfs;> %d;whk; thpirapy; 19 Nuh[hr; nrbfs; vd;w
Kiwapy; Nuh[hr; nrbfs; xU njhlh;thpir mikg;gpy; cs;sd. filrp
thpirapy; 5 Nuh[hr; nrbfs; ,Ug;gpd;> mg;G+e;Njhl;lj;jpy; vj;jid thpirfs;
cs;sd?
jug;gl;Ls;s thpirg;gb 23, 21, 19, ..5 , ,tw;iw khw;wp mikj;jhy;
fpilg;gJ 5,7,9,..19,21,23, ,e;j njhlhpy; tpj;jpahrk; 2 MFk;. vdNt xt;nthU
cUg;gpYk; 3I fopj;jhy; fpilf;Fk; njhlh; 2,4,6,8,20.
,jpypUe;J
ehk;
vspjhf
Ghpe;Jnfhs;syhk;>
,j;njhlhpy;
cs;s
thpirfspd; vz;zpf;if 10.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2.7
2010-y; xUth; Mz;L Cjpak; &.30>000 vdg; gzpapy; NrUfpwhh;. NkYk;
xt;nthU tUlKk; &.600-I Mz;L Cjpa cah;thfg; ngWfpwhh;. mtUila
Mz;L Cjpak; ve;j tUlj;jpy; &. 39>000 Mf ,Uf;Fk; ?
mtUila tUl tUkhzk; xU $l;Lj;njhlhpy; mike;Js;sJ.
30,000, 30,600, 31,200, ..39,000.
Kjy; tUl Kbtpy; &.600k;> 2Mk; tUl Kbtpy; &.1200k;> %d;whk; tUl Kbtpy;
&.1800k; vdf; nfhz;lhy; filrp tUlj;jpy; mtuJ cah;T &.9>000.
,q;F nghJtpj;jpahrk; 600.
vdNt
9,000 = 15, 15 tUlq;fSf;F gpwF mjhtJ 2025k; tUlj;jpy;
600
mtuJ tUkhdk; &.39.000 Mf ,Uf;Fk;.
gapw;rp 2.2 - Nfs;tp vz;: 5
4>9>14>.vd;w $l;Lj;njhlh;thpirapy; 17 MtJ cWg;G ahJ?
4>9>14>.vd;w $l;Lj;njhlh;thpirapy; nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 5. vdNt
midj;J cWg;GfSld; 1I $l;bdhy; fpilf;Fk; njhlh;thpir
5>10>15> ,j;njhlhpy; 17tJ cWg;G 17*5=85.
,g;nghOJ 85ypUe;J 1I fopf;f Ntz;Lk; (Vw;fdNt ehk; $l;baJ) 17tJ
cWg;G 84.

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gapw;rp 2.2 - Nfs;tp vz;: 6

gpd; tUk; $l;Lj ;njhlh;thpirapy; nkhj;jk; vj;jid cWg;Gfs; cs;sd.
. 7,13,19,205.
,e;j njhlhpy; nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 6 Mf cs;sJ> vdNt ,j;njhlh; MdJ
6>12>18>..204.
vdNt ,j; njhlhpy; cs;s cWg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if
204/6=34.
gapw;rp 2.2 - Nfs;tp vz;: 11
xU njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bj;; jahhpg;ghsh; VohtJ Mz;by; 1000
njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfisAk;> gj;jhtJ Mz;by; 1450 njhiyf;fhl;rpg;
ngl;bfisAk; jahhpj;jhh;. Xt;nthU Mz;Lk; jahhpf;Fk; njhiyf;fhl;rpg;
ngl;bfspd; vz;zp;fif rPuhfTk; xU khwpyp vz; msTk; mjpfhpj;jhy;> Kjyhk;
Mz;bYk;> 15 MtJ Mz;bYk; jahhpf;fg;gl;l njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfspd;
vz;zpf;ifiag; fhz;f.
7tJ tUlk; =1000
10tJ tUlk; =1450 vdNt tpj;jpahrk;> 3 tUlk; =450.
1 tUlk; = 150
Kjy; tUlj;jpd; jahhpg;G = 1000 900
(6 tUl jahhpg;G, 6x150=900)
= 100
15tJ tUl jahhpg;G = 100 + 14x150
= 100 + 2100
= 2200.
gapw;rp 2.2 - Nfs;tp vz;: 12
xUth;> Kjy; khjk; &.640> 2Mk; khjk; &.720> 3Mk; khjk; &.800>-I
Nrkpf;fpwhh;. Mth; jd;Dila Nrkpg;ig ,Nj njhlh;thpirapy; njhlh;e;jhy;> 25tJ
khjk; mth; Nrkpf;Fk; njhifiaf; fhz;f.
nfhLf;fg;gl;l jftypd; gb 640,720,800,
,jd; nghJ tpj;jpahrk; 80.
vdNt ,j;njhliu 80ypUe;J Muk;gpf;f
xt;nthU cWg;gpYk; 560I fopf;fNtz;Lk;. ,jdhy; fpilf;Fk; njhlh;
80>160>240>25*80 = 2000
,g;nghOJ ehk; fopj;j 560I 2000I $l;l filrp cWg;G =2560.

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gapw;rp 2.2 - Nfs;tp vz;: 16

xUth; tUlj;jpw;F jdptl;b 14% jUk; KjyPlb
; y; &.25>000-I KjyPL
nra;jhh;. Xt;nthU tUl KbtpYk; fpilf;Fk; mry; kw;Wk; jdptl;b Nrh;e;j
nkhj;jj; njhif xU $l;Lj; njhlhthpiria mikf;Fkh? mt;thnwdpy;. 20
Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF KjyPlb
; y; cs;s njhifiaf; fhz;f.
S.I. = PNR/100
= 25,000 * 1*14 /100
= 3500.
Kjy; tUl tl;b Rs.3,500,
,uz;lhk; tUl tl;b &.7000>
3k; tUl tl;b &.10>500.. vdpy;
20k; tUl tl;b 20*3,500 = 70,000.
vdNt nkhj;j njhif 70,000 + 25,000 = Rs.95,000.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2.16
5+11+17+.+95 vd;w $l;Lj;njhlhpd; $Ljy; fhz;f.
,e;j $l;Lj;njhlhpy; nghJ tpj;jpahrk; d=6> vdNt midj;J cWg;Gld;
1I $l;l fpilg;gJ
6+12+18+.+96 ,j;njhlh; 6d; klq;fhFk;.
,j;njhlhpy; cs;s cWg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if 96/6=16
,g;NghJ $Ljy; fhz 6I nghJthf vLf;f
6(1+2+3+.+16) = 6(n(n+1)) - 16
2
= 6*16*17 - 16
2
= 816 16 = 800
(,q;F 16I fopf;f
Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; 16
cWg;GfSld;
1I
$l;baJ
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 2.20
8 My; tFgLk; midj;J %d;wpyf;f ,ay; vz;fspd; $Ljy; fhz;f.
8 My; tFgLk; %d;wpyf;f vz;fs; 104,112,120,.992.
Xt;nthU cWg;GlDk; 4I $l;b 100I fopf;f fpilf;Fk; njhlh;thpir
8,16,24,.896.
,j;njhlhpy; cs;s cWg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if 896/8 = 112.
,j;njhlhpy; 8I nghJthf vLf;f
/ 8(1+2+3++112) = 8(n(n+1))
+112*100 -112*4
2
= 8(112*113 ) +112*100- 112*4
2
= 61376
(,q;F ehk; $l;lNtz;baJ 112*100
Vnddpy; 112 cWg;GfspypUe;J 100
fopj;jJ. mj;Jld; fopf;f Ntz;baJ
4

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112*4>
xt;nthU
$l;baJ)

cWg;GlDk;

4I

gapw;rp 2.4 - Nfs;tp vz;: 3 (i)

$l;Lj;njhlhpd; $l;ly; gyidf; fhz;f. 38+35+32+..+2
,j;njhliu jpUg;gp vOj 2+5+8++32+35+38
,J xU $l;Lj;njhlh;thpirahFk;. ,jd; n;ghJ tpj;jpahrk; d=3
Xt;nthU cWg;GlDk; 1I $l;l ekf;f fpilg;gJ 3d; klq;F.
3+6+9++39.
3+6+9++39 = 3(1+2+3++13)

mjhtJ

= 3(n(n+1)) - 13
2
= 3*13*14 -13
2
= 260.
(,q;F
13
I
fopf;f
Ntz;Lk;
Vnddpy; 13 cWg;GfSld;
1I $l;bNdhk;)
gapw;rp 2.4 - Nfs;tp vz;: 14.
8% tPjk; jdptl;b jUk; epWtdj;jpy; xtpnthU Mz;Lk; &.1000 itg;Gj;
njhifahf nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. Xt;nthU Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ngWk; tl;biaf;
fzf;fpLf. ngWk; tl;bj;njhiffs; xU $l;Lj; njhlh;thpiria mikf;Fkh?
mt;thW mikf;f KbAkhdhy;> 30 Mz;Lfspd; Kbtpy; fpilf;Fk; nkhj;j
tl;biaf; fhz;f.
30
tUl
tl;bj;njhif
xU
80+160+240+.+2400
,jd; $Ljy; 80+160+240+.+2400

$l;Lj;njhliu

mikf;fpwJ.

= 80(1+2+3++30)
= 80(n(n+1))
2
= 80*30*31
2
= 37,200.

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gapw;rp 2.6 - Nfs;tp vz;: 1(iv).

$Ljy; fhz;f.
$Ljy;

7+14+21+490

=7(1+2+3++70)
= 7(n(n+1))
2
= 7*70*71
2
= 17,395

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3.17
2x3 3x2 3x +2
fhuzpg;gLj;Jf.

vDk; gy;YWg;Gf;Nfhitia xUgbf; fhuzpfshf

2-3-3+2 0 vdNt (x-1) xU fhuzp my;y.

2 -3 = -3+2 vdNt (x+1) xU fhuzp.
2x3 3x2 3x +2 = (x+1) (2x2
+2) ,q;F 2x3 x = 2x2 , kj;jpapy;
cs;s xd; nfOit ngw x3 d; nfOit -1My; ngUf;fp 2*-1=-2, x2 nfOTld;
$l;l -5 fpilf;Fk; ,J xd; nfOthFk;. gy;YWg;Gf; Nfhitapd; filrp cWg;ig
1My; tFf;f fpilg;gJ 2.
2x3 3x2 3x +2 = (x+1) (2x2 5x +2)
,g;NghOJ (2x2 5x +2) I vspa Kiwapy; fhuzpg;gLj;Jk; Kiwia gw;wp
ghh;g;Nghk;.
(2x2 5x +2) y; kj;jpapy;cs;s cWg;ig ,uz;lhf gphpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
mt;thW gphpf;ifapy; Kjy; ,uz;L cWg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; filrp ,U cWg;gfSk;
xNu tpfpjj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ . 2:4 = 1:2
,jid vOJk;NghJ 2x2 4x x +2
,g;N
; :;;ghJ filrp cWg;gpypUe;J () I nghJthf vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. i.e. (x-2)
2x2 5x -+2 = (x-2)(2x 1)
,g;NghJ 2x2 x = 2x kw;Wk; 2/-2= -1
vdNt 2x3 3x2 3x +2 = (x+1)(x-2)(2x -1)

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gapw;rp 3.5 - Nfs;tp vz;: 1(i).

fhuzpg;gLj;Jf. x3 -2x2 5x + 6
nfOf;fspd; $Ljy; 1-2-5+6=0 vdNt (x-1) xU fhuzp. Nkw;$wpa Kiwapy;
x3 -2x2 -5x +6 = (x -1)(x2 x 6)
mjhtJ x3 x = x2 NkYk; x3d;
nfOit 1 My; ngUf;f fpilg;gJ x2d;
nfO. NkYk; x3 -2x2 -5x +6 d; filrp
cWg;ig
(x-1)d;
filrp
cWg;ghy;
tFf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ -1My; tFf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
NkYk; (x2-x-6) I fhuzpg;gLj;j
x3 x2 5x +6 = (x-1)(x -3)(x+2).

gapw;rp 3.5 - Nfs;tp vz;: 1(ii).

fhuzpg;gLj;Jf. x3 23x2 + 142x 120
1-23+142-120=0 vdNt (x-1) xU fhuzp.
X3 23x2 +142x 120 = (x 1)(x2 22x +120)
= (x-1) (x-10)(x-12)
x3 x = x2 NkYk; x3d;
nfOit 1My; ngUf;fp -23
cld; $l;l fpilg;gJ -22
kw;Wk; -120 -1 =120
gapw;rp 3.5 - Nfs;tp vz;: 1(iv).
fhuzpg;gLj;Jf 4x3 5x2 + 7x 6
4-5+7-6=0 vdNt (x-1) xU fhuzp.
3
2
4x -5x +7x-6 = (x-1)( 4x2 x+6)
,q;F 4x3 x = 4x2 kw;Wk; x3d; nfOit1
My; ngUf;f fpilg;gJ 4 ,ij -5cld;
$l;l fpilg;gJ -1 mjhtJ x filrp
cWg;G -6 I -1My; tFf;f Ntz;Lk;.

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vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3.20
x4+3x3-x-3 kw;Wk; x3+x2-5x+3 Mfpa gy;YWg;Gf; Nfhitfspd; kP.ngh.t.

fhz;f.

,jid $l;ly; fopj;jy; Kiwapy; nra;Nthk;.

x4+3x3+0x2-x-3 ..(1)
x3+x2-5x+3......(2) vd vLj;Jf; nfhs;f.
(1) (2)x =( x4+3x3+0x2-x-3) (x4+x3-5x2+3x)
= 2x3+5x2-4x -3 ..(3)
(3) + (2) = ( 2x3+5x2-4x -3) + (x3+x2-5x+3)
= 3x3+6x2-9x
= 3x(x2+2x-3)
vdNt kP.ngh.t.= (x2+2x-3)
vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3.21
3x4+6x3-12x2-24x kw;Wk; 4x4+14x3+8x2-8x. Mfpa gy;YWg;Gf; Nfhitfspd;
kP.ngh.t. fhz;f.
Kjy; Nfhitia 4My; ngUf;f fpilg;gJ 12x4+24x3-48x2-96x (1)
2Mk; Nfhitia 3My; ngUf;f fpilg;gJ ; 12x4+42x3+24x2-24x ..(2)
(1) (2) = -18x3-72x2-72x
= -18x(x2+4x+4)
vdNt kP.ngh.t.= x(x2+4x+4)

gapw;rp 3.6 - Nfs;tp vz;: 3(i).

fPo;fz;l gy;YWg;Gf; Nfhitfspd; kP.ngh.t.

fhz;f.

X3-9x2+23x-15, 4x2-16x+12
X3-9x2+23x-15 .(1)
4x2-16x+12 .(2) vd;f.
cah;e;j mLf;Ffis rkd; nra;tjd;%yk; ePf;fyhk;. vdNt rkd;ghL (2) I x
My; ngUf;fp 4My; tFf;f fpilg;gJ x3-4x2+3x (3)
(1) (3) =-5x2+20x-15
= -5(x2-4x+3) vdNt kP.ngh.t.= (x2-4x+3).
8

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gapw;rp 3.6 - Nfs;tp vz;: 3(ii).

3x3+18x2+33x+18, 3x2+13x+10 kP.ngh.t.

fhz;f.

cah;e;j mLf;if ePf;f 2Mk; cWg;ig xMy; ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

(3x3+18x2+33x+18) (3x3+13x2+10x)
= 5x2+23x+18(1)
3x2+13x+10.(2) vd;f.
(1) I 3 MYk; kw;Wk; (2)I 5MYk; ngUf;fp fopf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(15x2+69x+54) (15x2+65x+50) = 4x+4
= 4(x+1)
vdNt kP.ngh.t.= (x+1)

gapw;rp 3.6 - Nfs;tp vz;: 3(iii).

2x3+2x2+2x+2, 6x3+12x2+6x+12 kP.ngh.t.

fhz;f.

Kjy; Nfhitapy; 2k; ,uz;lhk; Nfhitapy; 6k; nghJthf vLj;J fopf;f

(x3+x2+x+1) (x3+2x2+x+2) = -x2-1
= -(x2+1) NkYk; 2>6y; kP.ngh.t.=2
vdNt kP.ngh.t.=2(x2+1).
gapw;rp 3.6 - Nfs;tp vz;: 3(iv).
X3-3x2+4x-12, x4+x3+4x2+4x kP.ngh.t.

fhz;f.

,uz;lhk; Nfhitapy; xI ntspNa vLj;J Kjy; NfhitapypUe;J fopf;f

(X -3x +4x-12) (x3+x2+4x+4)
= -4x2-16
= -4(x2+4) vdNt kP.ngh.t= (x2+4)
3

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gapw;rp 3.10 - Nfs;tp vz;: 2(vii).

RUf;Ff. 2x2+5x-3 2x2+x-1
2x2+9x+9
2x2+x-3
,q;F 2x2+5x-3 y; cs;s ika cWg;ig ,uz;lhf gphpf;f Ntz;Lk;> mjpy;
Kjy; ,U vz; kw;Wk; mLj;j ,U cWg;gfspd; tpfpjq;fs; rkkhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
mjhtJ
2x2+6x-x-3 =(x+3)(2x-1)
filrp ,U cWg;Gfspy; (-)I vLf;f
Ntz;Lk; ,g;nghOJ 2x2 /x=2x NkYk; -3/3=-1 ,jd; %yk; fpilg;gJ (2x-1)
mNjnghy 2x2+9x+9 = 2x2+6x+3x+9
3 nghJthf vLf;fNtz;Lk;
= (x+3)(2x+3)
2x2+x-1 = 2x2+2x- x -1
(-) nghJthf vLf;fNtz;Lk;
= (x+1)(2x -1)
2x2+x-3 = 2x2+3x-2 x -3
(-) nghJthf vLf;fNtz;Lk ;
= (2x+3)(x-1)
2x2+5x-3
2x2+9x+9

2x2+x-1 = (x+3)(2x-1) X
2x2+x-3
(x+3)(2x+3)
= (x-1)
(x+1).

(2x+3)(x-1)
(x+1)(2x -1)

gapw;rp 3.12 - Nfs;tp vz;: 2(v).

th;f;f %yk; fhz;f. (6x2+5x-6)(6x2-x-2)(4x2+8x+3)
Nkw;$wpa Kiwapy; fhuzpgLj;j
6x2+5x-6 = 6x2+9x-4x-6 = (2x+3)(3x-2)
6x2-x-2 = 6x2-4x+3x-2 = (3x-2)(2x+1)
4x2+8x+3= 4x2+6x+2x+3= (2x+3)(2x+1)
vdNt th;f;f%yk; = (2x+3)(3x-2)(2x+1).

10

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vLj;Jf;fhl;L 3.33
th;f;f %yk; fhz;f. x4-10x3+37x2-60x+36
________X2 -5x +6____________
X2
+ X2

X4 10x3 + 37x2 60x +36

x4________________________

2x2 -5x
-5x
2
2x -10x +6

-10x3 + 37x2
-10x3 + 25x2____________
12x2 60x + 36
12x2 60x + 36
0
,q;F <it 2My; ngUf;Ftjw;F gjpyhf <it $l;LfpNwhk;.
In Fifth Unit, Kf;Nfhzj;jpd; gug;G = 1/2{(x1y2+x2y3+x3y1)- (y1x2+y2x3+y3x1)}
ehw;fuj;jpd; gug;G= {(x1y2+x2y3+x3y4+X4Y1)- (y1x2+y2x3+y3x4+Y4X1)}

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 5.22
(-1,1) , (2,-4) Mfpa Gs;spfspd; topr; ;nry;:Yk; Neh;f;Nfhl;bd; rkd;ghl;ilf;
fhz;f.
X1=-1, y1=1, x2=2, y2=-4
,U Gs;sp rkd;ghL (y2-y1)x (x2-x1)y = (y2-y1)x1 (x2-x1)y1
(-4-1)x (2+1)y = -5*-1 3*1
-5x -3y = 5-3
-5x-3x = 2 vdNt 5x+3y+2=0.

11

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Nfhz ,Urk ntl;b Njw;wk;

xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpy; xU Nfhzj;jpd; cl;Gw (ntspg;Gw) ,Urkntl;bahdJ
mf;Nfhzj;jpd; vjh; gf;fj;ij clGwkhf (ntspgGwkhf)> mf;Nfhzj;jpid
mlf;fpa gf;fq;fspd; tpfpj;jpy; gphpf;Fk;.
cl;Gw Nfhz ,Urkntl;b
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sit: ABC y; BAC clGw ,Urkntl;b AD, mJ BC-I Dy;
re;jpf;fpwJ.
epUgpf;f: BD = AB
DC AC
mikg;G: DA-f;F ,izahfTk; C-apd; topahfTk; xU ,izNfhL tiuf.
mf;NfhL BA-tpd; ePl;rpia Gs;sp Ey; re;jpf;fl;Lk; vdNt> CE II DA
1= BAD, 2= DAC, 3= ACE, 4= AEC, vd;f.

( glj;ij
Gj;jfj;jpypUg;gij
tiue;J fhs;sTk; )

1= 4
xj;jNfhzq;fs; rkk;. .. (1)
2= 3
xd;W tpl;l Nfhzq;fs; rkk;..(2)
1= 2
AD Nfhz ,Urkntl;b .(3)
(1), (2), (3) ypUe;J ekf;F fpilg;gJ
3= 4
ACE ,Urkgf;f Kf;Nfhzk;
AE=AC
,g;.NghJ BCE y; CE II DA
BD
BA
---- = ---DC
AE
(Njy;]; Njw;wk;)
BD
AB
---- = ---DC
AC

(AE=AC)

Njw;wk; epUg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ..

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gpjhfu]; Njw;wk;
xU Kf;Nfhzj;jpy; xU gf;fj;jpd; th;f;fk;> kw;w ,U gf;fq;fspd; th;f;fq;fspd;
$LjYf;Fr; rkk;.
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sit: ABC-y; A=90
epUgpf;f: BC2 = AB2 + AC2
mikg;G: AD BC tiuf.
Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s glj;ij tiue;J nfhs;f.
ABD ABC
Kf;Nfhzq;fspy; gug;Gfspd; tpfpjkhdJ mtw;wpd; gf;fq;fspd;
tpfpjq;fspd; tpfpjj;jpw;F rkkhFk;.
ABD = AB2
ABC
BC2
.(1)
mNjNghy AD C ABC
AD C = AC2
ABC
BC2 ...(2)
(1)+(2)

AB2 + AC2 =
BC2
BC2

AB2+AC2

ABD + AD C
ABC
ABC

= ABC =1
ABC
= BC2

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cauq;fSk; J}uq;fSk;
,U nghUl;fs; (Gs;spfs;) Vw;w Nfhzj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
a
h = ___________ I
h= NfhGuj;jpd; cauk;
Tan - Tan
a= ,U nghUl;fSf;F .,ilgl;l
J}uk;
,U nghUl;fs; (Gs;spfs;)

,wf;f Nfhzj;jpy; xNu gf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ

a
h = __________.II
Cot - Cot
,U nghUl;fs; (Gs;spfs;)
NghJ

,wf;f Nfhzj;jpy; vjpnujph; gf;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;

a
h = __________.III
Cot + Cot

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 7.19
Xh; mjpNtfg; Nghh; tpkhdk;> jiu kl;lj;jpypUe;J 3000 kP cauj;jpy;>
kw;nwhU mjpNtfg; Nghh; tpkhdj;ij Neh; Nkyhff; flf;fpwJ. Mt;thW flf;Fk;
NghJ jiu kl;lj;jpy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l Gs;spapypUe;J mtw;wpd; Vw;wf; Nfhzq;fs;
KiwNa 60 kw;Wk; 45 vdpy;> me;j Neuj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ Nghh; tpkhdk; kw;Wk;
Kjy; Nghh; tpkhdk; Mfpatw;wpw;F ,ilg;gl;l J}uj;ijf; fzf;fpLf.
a
h = ___________ I
Tan - Tan
3000 - h =

h= NfhGuj;jpd; cauk;
a= ,U nghUl;fSf;F .,ilgl;l
J}uk;

h
Tan 60 tan 45

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3000 - h =

h
3 1
h= 1268 m

vLj;Jf;fhl;L 7.21
xU nrq;Fj;jhd RtUk;> xU NfhGuKk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l ,ilntspapy;
cs;sd. NfhGuj;jpd; cr;rpapypUe;J ghh;f;Fk; NghJ> Rtw;wpd; cr;rp kw;Wk; mb
Mfpatw;wpd; ,wf;ff; Nfhzq;fs; KiwNa 45 kw;Wk; 60 MFk;. NfhGuj;jpd;
cauk; 90 kP vdpy;> Rtw;wpd; cauj;ijf; fhz;f.
h=

cot - cot
a
cot 45 - cot 60
90=
a
1 1/3
90=

a = 38.04m

vLj;Jf;fhl;L7.22
flw;fiuapy; cs;s nrq;Fj;jhdg; ghiw xd;wpd; kPJ fl;lg;gl;Ls;s xU
fyq;fiu tpsf;fj;jpy; epd;Wf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU rpWkp> fpof;fjpirapy; ,U
glFfisg; ghh;f;fpwhs;. Mg;glFfspd; ,wf;ff;Nfhzq;fs; KiwNa 30>60 kw;Wk;
,U glFfSf;fpilNaAs;s J}uk; 300kP vdpy;> fly ;kl;lj;jpypUe;J fyq;fiu
tpsf;fj;jpd; cr;rpapd; J}uj;ijf; fhz;f. ( glFfSk;> fyq;fiu
tpsf;fKk; xNu Neh;Nfhl;by; cs;sd)
h=
a
cot - cot
h=
300
cot 30 - cot 60
h=

300
3 - 1/3
h= 1503 m
Fwpg;G: vLj;Jf;fhl;L fzf;Ffs; 7.23, 7.24, 7.26, I formula

I I
gad;gLj;jp nra;ayhk;.
gapw;rp7.2; fzf;Ffs; 10, 11,12,13, 14, 15, Mfpatw;iw formula
II gad;gLj;jp nra;ayhk;.
gapw;rp7.2; fzf;Ffs; 8I formula III I gad; g:Lj;jp nra;ayhk;

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fzf;FfSf;F
nfhs;sTk;

Njitahd

glq;fis

Gj;jfj;jpypUe;J

tiue;J

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