ميكانيك عامة اساسيات 1

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
١-‫ א‬W‫א‬
 E‫א‬FW‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢٦ 
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 

??? ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬ W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٥٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢٥٦F  W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٦٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٦٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
E٦٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
KE٦٤F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٢-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬     ‫א‬      
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
E١F‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
(١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ W ‫א‬  K١
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٢F ‫א‬
‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
(٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E٣F
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬،E‫א‬F
(٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
-٣-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬
(٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،    ‫א‬         ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ،  ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ (5) ‫ א‬
K     ‫ א‬  ، ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
. ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻱ‬‫ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ‬
 : (٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﺽ‬.٥ ‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬.١
 
‫ ﺍﻷﺴﻭﺭﺓ‬.٦ ‫ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺏ‬.٢
 
‫ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ‬.٧ ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻑ‬.٣
 
‫ ﺍﻟﻁﻭل ﺍﻻﺴﻤﻲ‬.٨ ‫ ﺍﻟﺫﻴل‬.٤
 
-٤-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ K١
(٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ، E٦F ‫א‬   W‫א‬ EF   J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،E٧F‫א‬W‫א‬ J

‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
(٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،E٩F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
(٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬  ، EK١F ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
(١٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
-٥-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ K٢
    ، ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬  E١F ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
     J   J   ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ٠  ٤٥٠ J١٠٠    ٤{٥ J١٠
 ١  ٤٥٠ J٨٠    ٥{٣ J١٦
 ٢  ٤٥٠ J٨٠    ١٠ J٢٥
 ٣  ٤٥٠ J٨٠    ١٤ J٣٥{٥
 ٤  ٣١٥ J٨٠    ٢٥ J٥٠
 ٥  ٢٥٠ J٨٠    ٤٠ J٧١
  ، E٣١٥F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ٨  E٤F
 K‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬E٣١٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K٣
E‫א‬ F ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
 ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬EF ‫א‬    ،  
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E١١F   W ‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ∎

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(١١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
-٦-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ∎

 KE١٢F‫א‬
(١٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
  W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ∎
 KE١٣F‫א‬
 
(١٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
-٧-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
-٨-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،    ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Workbench‫א‬
 W،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،EK٨٥ JKK٨F‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E١٥F‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬ K١ 
  K٢ 
  K٣ 
 K٤ 
   
‫א‬ K٥ 
  K٦ 
 ‫א‬ K٧ 
 K٨ 
‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬
-٩-
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J
 E١٦F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     
، ‫א‬  E١٧F ‫א‬  ‫א‬EAngle viceF
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    
 KE١٨F
‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬
‫א‬  
   
- ١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 Bench Vice‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬  ‫א‬ E١٩F ‫א‬  -
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬
  K٤  K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٥  E١٩F‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ .٦  K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬□
‫א‬E١٩F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬□
 K‫א‬‫א‬□
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬□
‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬ □
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 W
  J‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬
- ١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  J‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  J‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
E٢١F‫א‬       E٢١F
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KE J٢٢F‫א‬
E J٢٢F ‫א‬  

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
E٢٢F‫א‬  
- ١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬       ‫א‬  E‫א‬ F ‫א‬   
  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
  ،   EF ‫א‬  E J٢٣F ‫א‬ K ‫א‬    
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، E١F  E J٢٣F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K<١KK
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٢٤F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
  
 E٢٤F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
،       ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
W‫א‬-‫أ‬
  ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬□
E J٢٦F ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE J٢٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٢٦F‫א‬
 KE J٢٨F‫א‬
- ١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬  ‫א‬    E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬
 
 
 KE٢٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 KE٣٠F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٠F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬
- ١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬،‫א‬
WFlatness‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣١F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J٣١F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Squareness‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J٣١F‫א‬
 W Parallelism ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J
 E٣٢F‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢F‫א‬
  
Dimensions ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   J
‫א‬ ‫א‬  W and Angles
E٣٤F  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 E٣٣F‫א‬
 KE٣٣F
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  E٣٤F‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E٣٤F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
E F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  □
 E J٣٥F ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬   □
 KE J٣٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  E٣٦F‫א‬   ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٦F‫א‬
 KE٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬
 E٣٧F‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
   E J٣٨F ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
   E J٣٨F ‫א‬   
     ‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٨F‫א‬
- ١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬ -٤
 W‫א‬ -‫ب‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬ -٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ج‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ J٣
K J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬W٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥
- ١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬K،١±‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KK،١±‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 K١KK±‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K١KK±‫א‬
 
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 KW‫א‬ J
 ٩٨W‫א‬W‫א‬
 KK٥W‫א‬
 K١٢W‫א‬
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
KEF  K

KEF K‫א‬١KK
 K  K
 K‫א‬K
 KK
 KE١١F،E٨{٥FK
 KEF
KEF
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 KE٦٤F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K K١
‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ‬: (١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 K J٢
 KEF J٣
 K J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬: (٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ‬  K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬٠{٠٠١٠{١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 K
. ( ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﺒﻁ ) ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺩﻴل‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
.(‫ ﻀﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ )ﺤﺩﻴﺔ‬-١
.(‫ ﻀﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺔ )ﺤﺩﻴﺔ‬-٢
 ‫א‬
.‫ ﻀﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬-٣  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬: (٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

. (‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ )ﻀﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻤﺴﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬ -١
.‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ -٢  K‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
 ،٥٢٠H‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٥٢٠H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Steel Rule ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧F‫א‬ 
 K١٠٠٠،٦٠٠،٣٠٠،١٥٠
. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﻻﺫﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬: (٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،١٠‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬KE٠،٥F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٠{٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
W‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٨F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬،ETrammer lF
 ،‫א‬‫א‬EDividerF‫א‬
 KE J١٠F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
        
 
        
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬       
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬: (١٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﻜﺩﻟﻴل ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬
- ٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬KKK٤٣،٢‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F‫א‬
 K١‫א‬
 
 
 
 
.‫ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ‬: (١٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
         
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬
. ‫ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬: (١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
               
‫א‬  J

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
  KE١٥F‫א‬
 
  
 
. ‫ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺫﻭ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻲ‬: (١٥) ‫ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬        
- ٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EF
 KE١٦F‫א‬،
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺍﻨﻁﺒﺎﻕ ﺨﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬:(١٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Outside Caliper ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
.‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬: (١٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  E J١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     KE J١٧F‫א‬
       
  
- ٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 Inside Caliper‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
E J١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬: (‫ﺃ‬-١٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  K٠{٥
    
  Divider ‫א‬
E١٩F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬E J١٩F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
   
. ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴ‬: (١٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
- ٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬E J١٩F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٢٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        
 
‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 Trammel ‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
E١F،‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬ 
‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
    
. ‫ﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﻕ‬‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴ‬: (٢١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﻕ‬‫ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴ‬: (٢٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
- ٣٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
،‫א‬،٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٠{٠٢FE٠{٠٥FE٠{١F
 
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣F‫א‬ 
 KE١FE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 ‫א‬‫ א‬K٦
 E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٧
‫ א‬.٨
K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬ -
- ٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬٢ J٤
 ‫א‬ 
 WEF
 
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬  J
 WE٠{١F
 ‫א‬E٩F‫א‬
.‫ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺩﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٢٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 E‫א‬F
 KE٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬،E٠{٩F‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬E٠{١F‫א‬‫א‬KE٠{١Z٠{٩ J١F
 ٠{١‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 KE٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
،EF‫א‬Z‫א‬
EF‫א‬
.(‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ )ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
    KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
- ٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢F
 KE٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 K٠{١X‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢{٤Z٠{١X ٤H٢H٠Z
‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬WE٢F
 K
H‫א‬‫א‬Z ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{١X‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣{٢Z٠{١X٢H٣H٠Z
    
.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 KE٢٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬Z
٦Z٠{١X‫א‬‫א‬H
 ٠{١X٨H٢H
 ٠{٨H٢H٦٠Z
   K٦٢{٨Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٥H١H٥Z
.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,١ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  K٥١{٥Z٠{٥H١H٥٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٣H٠H١Z
 K١٠{٣Z٠{٣H٠H١٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٣H٢H٢Z
- ٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K٢٢{٣Z٠{٣H٢H٢٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٥H١H١٠Z
 K١٠١{٥Z٠{٥H١H١٠٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١X٧H٠H٤Z
 K٤٠{٧Z٠{٧H٠H٤٠Z
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬  J

W٠{٠٥
 E‫א‬F‫א‬١٩
 E٢٨F‫א‬،٢٠
 ‫א‬
.‫ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٥ ‫ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٢٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬E 19 FE‫א‬F
20
1 19
E 0.05 = = − 1 FWE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
20 20
 KE٠{٠٥F‫א‬K
 KE٠{٠٢F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
،٢٥E‫א‬F‫א‬١٢W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٣٢F‫א‬
FK‫א‬EFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬KE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
 W
 
.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٢ ‫ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻤﺔ )ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺒﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٣٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
 
- ٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K٠{٠٢Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
  KE٣٣F‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٠٢X١٦H٢H٣Z
 ٠{٣٢H٢H٣٠Z
.‫ ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٢ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺩﻗﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٣٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 K٣٢{٣٢Z
 
 
      KE٣٤F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٠٢X٥H٠{٥H٨H١Z
 K٠{١H٠{٥H٨H١٠Z
 K١٨{٦٠Z
٠,٠٢ ‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻗﺩﻤﺔ )ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ( ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٣٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
      
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،٥٠E‫א‬F‫א‬٤٩ 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥F‫א‬
 ٠{٠٢Z١Z٤٩ J١
 ٥٠٥٠
 
 
 
. ‫ﻤﻡ‬٠,٠٢ ‫ ﻤﺒﺩﺃ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ‬: (٣٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
 
- ٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E–٣٧F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE–٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٣٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE–٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE–٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 KE٠{٠٢FEF  KE٠{١FEF
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٩F‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٨F‫א‬
 KE٠{٠٢F  KE٠{١F
- ٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Metric Micrometer  ‫א‬‫א‬

E٠{٠٢F‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٠{٠١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٠F‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬-
،٢٥–‫א‬‫א‬،٥٠–٢٥‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٧٥–٥٠F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٥F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K٥٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFW‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬
 
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ‬-١
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺩﺍﻥ‬-٢  
. ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭﻱ‬-٣  
. ‫ ﺼﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻔل‬-٤
. ‫ ﺠﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ‬-٥
. ‫ ﺠﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬-٦
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﺎﻁﺔ‬-٧
. ‫ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬: (٤٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
- ٤٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٤١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE٤١F‫א‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬  
 
        
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٢F‫א‬
 
‫ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬: (٤٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
. ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻲ‬  
 
       
 
 W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٣F‫א‬
 
 
‫ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬: (٤٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻕ‬
- ٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬KE٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٤٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٥–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
. ‫ ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬: (٤٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
     
  
‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٥F‫א‬،E٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٠١‫א‬E٠{٠١FZ٠{٥
 ٥٠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺭﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ‬: (٤٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE٠{٠١F
- ٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٤٦F‫א‬ 
 ٠{٠١X٤٩+٠{٥H٥Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥{٩٩Z   
 ٠{٠١X٢H٠H٢Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢{٠٢Z   
 ٠{٠١X٣٧H٠H١١Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K١١{٣٧Z   
  
.‫ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﺘﺭﻱ‬: (٤٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ‬-١
‫( ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻫﺫﺍ‬٤٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ ( ﻤﻡ‬٥٠ – ٢٥) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
.( ‫ﻤﻡ‬٥٠ – ٢٥) ‫( ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺴﻌﺔ‬٤٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻥ‬-٢

‫( ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻠﻤﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺴﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬٤٨) ‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ ( ﻤﻡ‬٧٥ – ٥٠) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻤﻥ‬
.( ‫ﻤﻡ‬٧٥ – ٥٠) ‫( ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺴﻌﺔ‬٤٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 
        
- ٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE‫א‬F
 
EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٩F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ )ﻀﺒﻌﺎﺕ( ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻨﺼﺎﻑ‬: (٤٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
.‫ﺃﻗﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬       
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠F‫א‬
 KE٥١F‫א‬،
 
 
. ‫ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﻟﻭﻟﺏ‬: (٥١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫ ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ )ﻀﺒﻌﺎﺕ( ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ‬: (٥٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺍﻟﺏ‬
              
- ٤٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬١L٦٠Z‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٢F‫א‬ 
 KE٢FE١F
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬: (٥٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 
         
 
 E–٥٣F‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E–٥٣F‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
‫ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ‬: (٥٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
.‫ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬
- ٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٤F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (٥٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬       
. ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻤﺩﺓ‬  Bevel Protractor  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E–٥٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E–٥٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{٥‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬: (٥٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

    
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٥٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗل‬: (٥٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
- ٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Combination Set  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J
    
. ‫ ﻁﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬: (٥٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E–٥٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 KE–٥٨F
 ،٥٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE–٥٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﻁﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻤل‬: (٥٨) ‫ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬   KE–٢٨F‫א‬EF
 KE–٥٨F‫א‬،٥٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE–٥٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٥٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻭﻟﺔ‬: (١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KEF
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E٢F
‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬،
 ، 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٣F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﺔ‬: (٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬
‫ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬: (٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W،E٥F‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫ א‬K٣
 K‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻤﺎﺕ‬: (٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
،E٣F‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
،E٧FE٦F
 K٥٤٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‬: (٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻜﺎﺭ‬: (٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
،E٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، 
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺸﻨﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٨F
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻁﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (٩) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ W‫א‬،‫א‬
،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬
- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻁﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ‬: (١٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬ ،E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K،
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺒﻼﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ‬: (١١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،E١١F
 ٠
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻮارض ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ‬: (١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،E١٢F
- ٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫ زاوﻳﺔاﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬:(١٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ ﻤﻠﺯﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬: (١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE٥F‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬‫א‬،E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ECF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٥F‫א‬،(C)
‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬،
(C) ‫ ﻤﺭﺒﻁ ﺤﺭﻑ‬: (١٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
EvF‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٦F‫א‬،E٥٩٠F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(v) ‫ ﺯﻫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺤﺭﻑ‬: (١٦) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E٥٠FE٢١{٢٢F‫א‬٣L٤
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٥٠٠F
E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٢٧F
‫ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻗﺔ‬:(١٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  KE١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬:(١٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﺔ‬: (١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺮة‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
- ٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٥١٥F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬E٥١٥F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١F‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ ورﺳﻢ‬:(٢٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮط‬  K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠F
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ‬:(٢١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،EC F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬: (٢٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻡ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥١٥F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ‬:(٢٤)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
WE٢٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
  K 
 ‫א‬،E٢٦F‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫( ﺣﺎﻻت ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﺼﻑ ﻗﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻐﻭﻟﺔ‬٢٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬:(٢٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  KE٢٧F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
- ٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٧F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E،F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 J
‫ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺱ‬: (٢٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E،،F
‫א‬‫א‬،E،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
 ‫א‬E JF‫א‬EF‫א‬،E JF‫א‬،EF‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬،E،F‫א‬E JFE JF‫א‬ J
E٢،١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١،٢،٣،٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٤،٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E0F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬
- ٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬،E٢٩F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
WE٢٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻣﺮآﺰة اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺴّﻢ‬: (٣٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻲ‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻋﺪة ﻤﺸﻐﻭﻻﺕ‬: (٣١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻷﻃﺮاف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬: (٣٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
 K‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٠‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج‬: (٣٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٣٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،E٣٤F‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫ ﺷﺤﺬ ﺷﻮآﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬:(٣٤)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺤﺠﺎﺭ اﻟﺠﻠﺦ‬  K٠E٢٠ J١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬،٠٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺷﺤﺬ اﻟﺴﻨﺒﻚ‬: (٣٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٣٥F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F
 KE٣٦F‫א‬٠٦٠
 
‫ ﺷﺤﺬ ﺳﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴّﻢ‬: (٣٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،K…
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K،‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
.‫ أﻋﺪ أدوات اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ أﻣﺎآﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬-
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 KE٦٤F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬١ J١
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١–٢
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١ J١ J٢

K‫א‬ J٢ J١ J٢
K‫א‬ J٣ J١ J٢
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬١–١–٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬
‫ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﻴﺪوي‬: (٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٥F
 ‫א‬W J٤
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
.‫ اﻹﻃﺎر)اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ( اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬: (٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٣٥٠٢٥٠‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 WE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ -١
 K‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬  K‫ א‬-٤
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،
 
‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 
 
 K‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
- ٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬
K٣٠٠،٢٥٠،٢٠٠W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 WW‫א‬Z
 ١٦،١٢
 W‫א‬W‫א‬Z
 K٠{٨،٠{٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬  W‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬٢٥{٤‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬٢٥{٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 
 ‫א‬ ٢٥{٤‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٦–١٤  
 ‫א‬  ٢٢  
 
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٣٢ EF
- ٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
. ‫ ﺨﻁﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻥ‬: (٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
 
‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬
 ‫א‬
‫ﺍﻷﺴﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬: (١١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
(‫)ﺃ‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E–٩F‫א‬
٩F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
(‫)ﺏ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E–
 W‫א‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻨﺼل ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻑ‬: (‫ – ﺃ – ﺏ‬٩ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺭﺩ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
.‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺼﻞ‬: ( ١٠ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬E١١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
     
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Z
‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬
. ‫ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻤﻤﻮﺟﺔ‬: (١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬G
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬: (١٣) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
. ‫ﻨﺼل ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺭ‬        
- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
W‫א‬G
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢F‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   
 ٠{٠٨  ١{٦–١{٤  
 ١{٢–١{٠  ٢{١–١{٨  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬–
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬Z
، E‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ F ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
. ‫ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ‬: (١٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F‫א‬
 
    
.‫ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬. ‫ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬: (١٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
- ٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 E١٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ ﻧﻤﺎذج ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﻢ‬:(١٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬ -
‫א‬،E ١٧F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎ ﺖ‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬E ١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر ﺷﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‬: (١٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬     ‫א‬    J
 K 
K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫رﺑﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ‬: (١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﻳﺔ‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E – ١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E–١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات رﺑﻂ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮة‬:(٢٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ‬:(٢١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ٧٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬،E ٢٢F‫א‬
 
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫ اﻟﻮﻗﻮف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ﻟﻠ ﺸ‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
- ٧٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ اﺑﺘﺪاء اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬: (٢٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٦F‫א‬
.‫ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬: (٢٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
- ٧٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ -١
‫א‬ -٢
‫أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺸﻠﺔ‬:(٢٧)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻲ‬ ‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬ -٥
 W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬    E ٢٨ F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F
 
WE٢٨F ‫א‬  
. ‫א‬‫ א‬  
 
،E ٢٩ F ‫א‬         ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ٢٥  J٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ١٠ 
 K
‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﺴﻨﻦ‬:(٢٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
- ٧٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬    
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ،    ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬-١
.‫ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬: (٣٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬ -٣
‫ א‬-٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫أ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -‫ب‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٣١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٣١F‫א‬
 
 
 
. ‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٣١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٢F‫א‬
 
.‫ ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬: (٣٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 ‫א‬   E٣٤F،E٣٣F ‫א‬   EF   ‫א‬  
 K٦–٠{٥‫א‬٣١٥–٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
WE٣٤F‫א‬ WE٣٣F‫א‬  
K‫א‬ K‫א‬
- ٨١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J١
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٥F
 W‫א‬EF J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬EUF W‫א‬ J٤
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
- ٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
.‫ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬:(٣٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٧F
      
 
      
 
 
.‫ﺣﺮآﺔ هﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ : (
٣٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨F‫א‬
 KE٢)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
E F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫( ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻵﻟﻲ‬٣٨)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬x٢Z‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٠–٣٠٠WEF‫א‬ J
 K٦٠_٢٠WEF‫א‬ J
 K٢{٥_K٠{٨W‫א‬ J
 K١٢{٥ J٦{٥EF‫א‬ J
 K٤ J١{٨WEF‫א‬ J
- ٨٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٣٩F‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫( ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﺼﻞ اﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬٣٩)‫وﻳﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
 
    
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
( ‫ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬/ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ) ﺷﻮط‬ ‫א‬
١٤٠ – ١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ آﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
١٤٠ – ١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ آﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
١٠٠ ‫ل‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ آﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﺎ‬
١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
١٠٠ ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻲ‬
١٠٠ – ٧٠ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ زهﺮ‬
١٤٠ ‫أﻟﻮﻣﻨﻴﻮم‬
١٤٠ – ١٠٠ ‫ﻧﺤﺎس أﺻﻔﺮ‬
١٠٠ ‫ﺑﺮوﻧﺰ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬WE٤٠F‫א‬ E٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ ﻃﺮاﺋﻖ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻻت‬: (٤١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬: (٤٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

- ٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،E٤٣F‫א‬
       
 W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٤F‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬: (٤٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬      
 
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
..‫ ﻣﺤﺪد )ﻣﻌﻴﺎر( اﻟﻄﻮل‬: (٤٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
- ٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
- ٨٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFEF
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K……‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K………………………‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
- ٨٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬-١
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬-٣
- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١  
K‫א‬‫א‬ -٢  
K‫א‬ -٣
 
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 
،،،٥x١٠x٢٠،٢٠٠x٢٠x٢٠
 K،،E،F‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE١F‫א‬‫ א‬ 
   
   
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢  
    ١٠‫א‬  
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬  
   
   
 E٢F‫א‬  
          
 E٢F‫א‬   
- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
  KE٣F‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF
 ‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
 E٤F‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥،٤F‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 E٦F‫א‬ KE٦F‫א‬
 
- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٧F‫א‬      
 
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 E٨F‫א‬
 
 
- ٩٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٩٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 
K -٢  
 K -٣  
   
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W  
،‫א‬،٥٠x٣٢،١٠٠x ٢٥
 
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
EF‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE١F‫א‬EF‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٩٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٢F‫א‬KE٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤F‫א‬
 E٤F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١F‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٦F‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٣F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٩٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٣F‫א‬
 ٦٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬ J١
 
 K١H‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 
،،،،E٥x١٠٠x١٠٠F
 
 K،،‫א‬،،
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_
 
 K‫א‬١٦ J١٤
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
- ٩٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٣F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬١٠‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬،E٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 E٦F‫א‬E ٧F‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٤F‫א‬
 ٩٠W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ J١
،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬
EVF،EIF
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٠٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٤F‫א‬
 ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬ -١
 KEVFEIF،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،F‫א‬ -٢  
 E،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬KE١F‫א‬‫אא‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F‫א‬KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 
- ١٠١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٤F
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٤F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١
 ٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
   KE٥x٧٥x٧٥F
  ٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

   
 
 
 
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬
١٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE١F‫א‬  K‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬
،‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬  K٢٥‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EF
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z١
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬ 
E J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١FW‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬E J٤F‫א‬
 
 
- ١٠٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬
- ١٠٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،١٠٠٠L١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٩F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
 
- ١٠٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬،‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬E١١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬W E١١F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 KE١٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ WE١٢F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J١

 KE١٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
K‫א‬ WE١٣F‫א‬
- ١٠٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬  
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٠٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،E‫א‬F‫א‬W‫א‬ J٢
،E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬  K‫א‬W‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬
- ١١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
١٠٠٠E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢٠E٢F‫א‬١٠E١F‫א‬
 ٠E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KL
 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F٢C٢٠Z١٠٠٠C١٠W‫א‬
 
١٠٠٠ × ١٠
 L٥٠٠ZZ٢
٢٠
 
 K‫א‬WE١٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٠F‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 L 500 = 100 × 10 Z٢
K‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬ 20
 
 
 
- ١١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬ 
‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E٢٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬  KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٤F
 
 KWE٢٣F‫א‬
 
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‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦F‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٢٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 KV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 KE٢٩F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬WE٣٠F‫א‬
 
 
- ١١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
- ١١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K١٣ J
 K٢٠ J
 K٣٠ J
 K٥٠ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K١ J
 K٠{١ J
 K٠{٠١ J
 K٠{٠٠١ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
- ١١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١F‫א‬
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
 
 
 
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
    
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١١٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
   W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 
 K‫א‬ J٢ 
   K‫א‬ J٣ 
  K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،،،،، 
 
 K٥،E٥C٦٠C٤٠F
 
  W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
EL٥٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 KE١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
   
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE٢F‫א‬‫ א‬ 
 E٢F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ -  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬  
 
- ١١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J  
  
  
.(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J  
‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
.(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣  
،‫א‬‫א‬ J  
 KE٤F‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
.(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
،‫א‬ J٤  
،‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٥F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
.(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٦F‫א‬  
 K  
 
- ١٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E٥F‫א‬ J٦ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬ 
 E٨F‫א‬،‫ א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
.(٧) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٧F‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬ J١١
 
 K‫א‬ J١٢
 
 K‫א‬ J١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤ 
‫א‬E٢٥٠F‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 
.(٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٨F
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٢١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

   W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
   
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،،٥،E٢٠٠C٥C٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ 
  ،،
 K٢٠٠،
    
 
  W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬ J١
 
،‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KE١F‫א‬  
  
 
 
 
.(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬  
 
.(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
- ١٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
 KE٣F‫א‬
 
 
  
  
.(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ 
 
 
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
.(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 KE٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
  
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧ 
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
.(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 
.(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
- ١٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
٦٠ ‫א‬  E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ١٠٠ ‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  ١
  ‫א‬‫א‬،Mt1  
  ‫א‬E١٠C٥٠C٤٠F  
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 KE٦٤F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
.‫ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﺭﺍﺩﺓ‬: (١) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  
 
- ١٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،  E١٥٠،٢٠٠،٣٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬E،‫א‬،F
 
 
‫ ﻣﺒﺮد ﻣﺴﺘ ٍﻮ‬: (٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  
E٣٠٠،٢٠٠،١٥٠F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ ﻣﺒﺮد ﻧﺼﻒ داﺋﺮي‬:(٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
- ١٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
E٣٠٠،٢٠٠،١٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬E،‫א‬،F
 
 
.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي‬:(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي‬:(٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
- ١٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ ﻣﺒﺮد ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻪ‬:(١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬WE١١F‫א‬  
 
- ١٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
.‫ ﺿﺒﻌﺎت أﻗﻮاس ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬:(١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
.‫ ﺿﺒﻌﺎت أﻗﻮاس داﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‬:(١٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
.‫ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻐﺎت اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬:(١٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ١٣٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫( ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺣﻮل‬١٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
E١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫( ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬١٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫( ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺣﻮل‬١٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  

‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﻦ‬
 
 
- ١٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬: (١٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E٢ J١F‫א‬  
 KE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺮادة أوﻟﻴﺔ‬: (١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
  
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺮادة ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ‬: (٢٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  KE٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬E٢١F ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬: (٢١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﺿﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬
- ١٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬: (٢٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KE٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ إﺟﺮاء ﺑﺮادة أوﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﺸﻨﺔ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٣F‫א‬E٢ J١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﺒﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌﻴﻡ‬: (٢٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‬: (٢٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺿﺒﻌﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس‬
- ١٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣ J٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K E٠{٥F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٦ J٤
 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K E١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ K١
 KE F K٢
 K K٣
 K K٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫ א‬K١
 K‫ א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫ א‬K٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K K٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬E٣ J٢F  J٢
 K‫א‬E١F  J٣
 K‫א‬  J٤
- ١٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٤٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 E٣٦FW‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٤١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١F‫א‬
 
٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬ 
  WE
 ،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،،E١٠C٩٥C١٠٠F 
 
‫א‬‫א‬،،،،،
 
،‫א‬، ‫א‬،،،‫א‬،
   K(V)
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢{٥F  
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
- ١٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢{٥F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
  
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
 E٩٥F‫א‬
 
 KE٣F‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 
 
  
(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ 
 E٩٠FE١F‫א‬
 
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
  
  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
 KE٥F‫א‬E١٠F
   
   
(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
- ١٤٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧ 
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
(A,B,C,D)‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٧F‫א‬  
  
  
 
 
 
(٧) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩ 
 ١٠‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 
  
(٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١٠ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٩F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١١ 
(٩) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬
(١٠) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
- ١٤٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١٢
‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١١F‫א‬
 
(١١) :‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١٢F‫א‬
 
 
(١٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
‫א‬(A,B,C,D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
 KE١٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
(١٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬  
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 
 KE١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(١٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
E15F
 
- ١٤٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 E٩٥C٩٠F‫א‬ J١٧
 KE١٦F‫א‬ 
  
  
(١٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨
 
 KE١٧F‫א‬
 
 
  
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١٨F‫א‬E١٠F
  
(١٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٠
 
 
 
 
(١٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
- ١٤٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 ٢٠W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٤٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 ٢٠W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
   W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
   
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،v،،E٣C٢٧C٥٢F 
 
،،،،،١٥٠،
 
،،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،،‫א‬

 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 E١F‫א‬ 
  J١ 
 ٥٩٠‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ٢١‫א‬
 
 KE١F‫א‬
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٢F‫א‬  ‫א‬
(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 

 
- ١٤٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ 

 ٢{١‫א‬ 
 KE٣F‫א‬E٣C٥٠C٢٥F
 
 
 
 
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 
 KE٤F‫א‬E٤٥F‫א‬
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
  
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٥F‫א‬
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦ 
 K‫א‬‫ א‬ 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 KE٦F‫ א‬ 
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
   
 
 
 
- ١٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨ 
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 KE٢F‫א‬ J
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩ 
 KE٨F‫א‬ 
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
٢١‫א‬  
 KE٩F‫א‬E٣C٥٠C٢٥F  
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬٢ J١‫ א‬ 
  
(١٠) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬  J١٢ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
(١١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬ 
 KE١١F‫א‬ 
 
 
- ١٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١٢F‫א‬
 
 
  
  
 
(١٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 E٢FE١F‫א‬ J١٤
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 KE١٣F‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 
(١٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
 
 
 
- ١٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 ٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 ٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
   K‫א‬ J٢ 
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،،E١٠C١٥٠C٦٠F 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،
 
 Kv ، ‫א‬،،
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢  
 KE٢F‫א‬  
  
 
(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
- ١٥٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
  
 
 
 
 
 
(٣) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
 KE٤F‫ א‬ 
 
 
 
 
 
E٥F  J٥ 
(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
(٥) ‫ﺸﻜل‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
 
  
   
(٦) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
 
- ١٥٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧ 

‫א‬E١F‫א‬  
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
(٧) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬  J٨ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
(٨) ‫ﺸﻜل‬   
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٢٠‫א‬G
  
 
 
 
(٩) ‫ﺸﻜل‬  
 
 
 
- ١٥٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٤F‫א‬
 
 ٣٦W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٥٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٤F‫א‬
 
 ١٢W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ 
   
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،،E١٠C٥٠C٦٠F 
 
‫א‬،،،،،
 
 KV،‫א‬،،، ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  J٢  
 KE٢F‫א‬E١٧F  
  
 
 
 
(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬ (٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
- ١٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
E٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٣  

 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٤  
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
  
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ٢٠EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٥F‫א‬
  
   
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٥F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
   K‫א‬ J١ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
   K‫א‬ J٣ 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،،،E٥C٥٠C٥٠F 
 
،،،،، ،
  ،‫א‬،،
F،،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،
  ،E
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 KE١F‫א‬٤  
(١) ‫ﺸﻜل‬   
  
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬E٤٨C٤٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  
  
(٢) ‫ﺸﻜل‬
 
- ١٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE J٣F
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF J٥
  
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 E٥FW‫א‬
 
 KE J٣F‫א‬
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
  
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 
 
 
 ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 KE٤F‫א‬
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
  
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩ 
 ‫א‬،
 
 K‫א‬E٥F
  
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١ 
 KE٧F‫א‬، 
 
 
 
 
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢ 
 KE٨F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
  
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٦F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٦F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
    
  J٤
 K‫א‬  K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٥  K‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦   J٣
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،‫א‬،،،‫א‬،، E١٠C٥٠C٨٣F
 
،،،،،
 K،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،
  ،
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 KE١F‫א‬E٩F  
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   
،E٨٢C٤٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
- ١٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ J٤  
KE٣F‫א‬،‫א‬  
‫א‬
 
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 KE
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(٤) ‫ﺸﻜل‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٧٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٧  
،‫א‬‫א‬،٢٤  
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
‫א‬‫א‬
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫ א‬ 
  
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 
 KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
  
  
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
  
 
 
 
- ١٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠ 
 E٧F‫א‬E٥{٨F 
 KE١١F
 
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 ،  
،‫א‬EF 
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٨F‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 KE٩F‫א‬، 
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 
 KE١٠F‫א‬،
 
 
 ،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
(١٠) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 KE١١F‫א‬ 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(١١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 KE١٢F‫א‬
  
 
 
(١٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
- ١٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
١٢٠ ‫א‬  E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ 

 ١٠٠ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١
   K
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦٧ -
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠـــــــﻊ‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
 
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K، K٤
١٩٩٨،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K، K٥
 ١٩٩٦،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ G
 
1. W.A.J Chapman L Workshop Technology Part II - London .
2. M.H.S Kempester L Workshop Technology for Technicians .
3. Vict. E. , Wlard . J. Carthy - Machine Tool Technology .
4. R.L Timings, O. Alabi , Mechanical Engineering Craft Technology
and related subjects, Vol. (1) and (2) Longman group LID, 1993
George Love, Metal Work, Longman, sing apore publishers, first
 impression 1987.
- ١٦٨ -
‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
   K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ١٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٢٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ٣٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٣١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٣٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٤٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ٤٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٤٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٤٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬ •
 ٤٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٤  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٥٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
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‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ٦٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٥  K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٦٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٧٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٧٦  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٧٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٧٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٨٢  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
 ٨٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ٨٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ٩٠  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K  •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٧  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ١٢٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ١٢٩  K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ١٣٣  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K‫א‬ •
 ١٣٤  K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ١٣٩  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫• א‬
 ١٤١  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫• א‬
١٦٨  K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K ‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٧٠ -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

ميكانيك عامة اساسيات 1

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ميكانيك عامة اساسيات 1

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،E٧F‫א‬W‫א‬ J

 E١١F   W ‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ∎

 W ‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ∎

E J٢٢F ‫א‬  

KEF  K

‫ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬: (٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺭﺓ ﻓﻭﻻﺫﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺭﻴﺔ‬: (٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

. ‫ﻡ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺘﻕ‬‫ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴ‬: (٢٢) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

 Metric Micrometer  ‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫ ﺃﺠﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ‬: (٤٠) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

.( ‫ﻤﻡ‬٥٠ – ٢٥) ‫( ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺴﻌﺔ‬٤٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

‫ ﺤﺩﺩ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﻥ‬-٢

.( ‫ﻤﻡ‬٧٥ – ٥٠) ‫( ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺴﻌﺔ‬٤٨) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

. ‫ ﻤﺴﻁﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻴﺎ‬: (٥٥) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

 Combination Set  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

. ‫ ﻁﻘﻡ ﺍﻟﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬: (٥٧) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

‫ ﺯﺍﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻁﻊ‬: (٤) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل‬

‫ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺴﻡ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١ J١ J٢

‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺎر ﺷﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‬: (١٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ‬:(٢١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫( ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎر اﻟﺘﺮددي اﻵﻟﻲ‬٣٨)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

. ‫ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ‬: (٤٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬ WE٨F ‫א‬  

‫ ﻣﺒﺮد ﻣﺴﺘ ٍﻮ‬: (٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  

.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي‬:(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

.‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي‬:(٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫( ﺗﺪوﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺮد ﺣﻮل‬١٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  

‫ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬: (١٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧ 

E٢ J١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٣  

١٢٠ ‫א‬  E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ 

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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