 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫ א‬W‫א‬
 E‫א‬–‫א‬FW‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٤٢٦ 
   
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ??‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٣٨٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٢٦٤F   W‫א‬‫א‬
 
   
KE١١٦F   W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 
 
KE٣٥FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E١F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬:(١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٣FK
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬W‫א‬  J١
 ،،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬EK٩F‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬W‫א‬ J٢
 K،،
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٣
 K
 K‫א‬W‫א‬ J٤
 ،‫א‬W‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J٧
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ، ‫א‬ 
 K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ ﻣﺤﻮر ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬:(٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  KE J٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE J٣F‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ رأس اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰاﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﺔ‬:(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K(Filler Gauge)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫( رﺑﻂ ﺑﺮاﻏﻲ رأس اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‬٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 W‫א‬–
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬ J
F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ رأس اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺰة ﻣﻮازﻳًﺎ ﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬:(٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫أﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺰﻩ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ J٢
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ رأس اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬: (٧)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪًا ﻣﻊ ﻃﺎوﻟﺔ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 E٨F‫א‬
 
 
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ رأس اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪًا ﻣﻊ ﻃﺎوﻟﺔ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬:(٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬–
،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫ اﻟﺤﺮآﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻵﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﺔ‬:(٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 W‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ،‫א‬W‫א‬ J٣
(١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K،،
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K( Sprockets)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E J١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
‫ ﻓﻚ ﺳﻨﺪة اﻟﺬراع‬: (١١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  E J١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J١٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
(١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E، J١٢F
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E J١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J١٣F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
 KE J١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ ﺳﻨﺪة اﻟﺬراع‬:(١٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫ ﺷﺪ ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎآﻴﻦ‬:(١٤)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٥F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
(‫ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎآﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ)اﻟﻨﻮع ب‬:(١٥)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬ J٥
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬،
 
 W‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
(‫ﻋﻤﻮد ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎآﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ)اﻟﻨﻮع أ‬: (١٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 KE J١٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٧F‫א‬،E،،F
 W‫א‬ J
 W?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻜﺎآﻴﻦ‬:(١٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E١٦F،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬KEStandardF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫ ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬:(١٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬–٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 K‫א‬ J١٠
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،، ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫א‬LF‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻤﻴﺘﺮ × ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬
 ELFZ
١٠٠٠ Z‫א‬
 
 C × π  
 Z
 ١٠٠٠
 
 
 ٣{١٤Z‫א‬‫א‬π
 K‫א‬Z
 KE‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬Z
 ‫؟‬‫א‬،L١٤٠E١٠٠FW
  
١٤٠C١٠٠C٣{١٤  
 KL٤٤ZZ‫א‬
 ١٠٠٠
 
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KL،EF،L‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KLEF،E‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KLE١F
 
 W‫א‬
 ELF   CZ١
 ELF CCZC١Z
 ELF    CLZ
 
 ،E‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬Z،‫א‬Z
 ،ELF‫א‬Z،E‫א‬LF‫א‬Z١
 E‫א‬LF‫א‬‫א‬Z
 WL٠{٠٢٥L١٠٠،٣٠W
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 L٧٥Z٣٠C٠{٠٠٢٥ZCZ١Z‫א‬
 KL٧٥Z١٠٠C٠{٧٥Z‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 EOFFF‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٩F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬:(١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬
EAF‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠F‫א‬
(A) ‫ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺬراع‬:(٢٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
 
 EBF‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻗﺮص اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت‬:(٢١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KE٢٢F‫א‬EONF
(ON)‫ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ‬: (٢٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٢٣F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬: (٢٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 KE٢٤F‫א‬ENEUTRALF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫ א‬-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫ ﺗﻔﻘﺪ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ أذرع اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬: (٢٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 ‫א‬ J
 KE٢٥F‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KEF
 
‫ ﻓﺤﺺ أذرع ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬: (٢٥) ‫ﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
   
 E٢٦F‫א‬، ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
‫ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎم واﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬: (٢٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬E٢٧F
  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦‫א‬، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎم واﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬: (٢٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٨F
‫واﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬E٢٩F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬: (٢٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  (lock Levers)‫א‬ J
‫واﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
‫ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬: (٢٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 L٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٠F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬: (٣٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬E–F
 KE٣١F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ اﺗﺠﺎﻩ ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬: (٣١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬EF
 KE٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻣﺎم‬: (٣٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
‫واﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،E٣٣F‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ واﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬: (٣٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ،‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬: (٣٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 KE، J٣٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
‫ إﻋﺎدة ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ إﻟﻰ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‬: (‫ ب‬، ‫ أ‬-٣٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦F
 ‫א‬
 ،E–F‫א‬
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬:(٣٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬:(٣٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬
- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬E٣٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
‫ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﺪوش ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺠﺰ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬:(٣٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
     K
‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣـﺔ‬: (٣٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٩F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﺪوش ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺠﺮ اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬: (٤٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤١F‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬: (٤١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
3
  KE٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KE J٤٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E١F‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ 1 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ‬: (٤٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
3  KE J٤٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J٤٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫( ﺿﺒﻂ ﻓﻜﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﺎﺋـﻢ‬٤٣ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
 
‫ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ‬: (٤٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
، ‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٤٥F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
‫ اﻟﺴﻜﺎآﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮآﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران‬: (٤٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٦F
 
 
 
 
‫ اﻟﺴﻜﺎآﻴﻦ ذات اﻟﺴﺎق اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬: (٤٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
‫ اﻟﺴﻜﺎآﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺒﻬﻴﺔ وﺗﺮآﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬: (٤٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 W‫א‬
 K،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W J
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ وﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬: (٤٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤٨F‫א‬‫א‬
 ،٢٠‫א‬
    KKK٢
     
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﺣﻠﻴـﺔ‬: (٤٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  W–
 ‫א‬E٤٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K١٦٠C١٦٠
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥٠F‫א‬
‫א‬

‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‬ ‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ‬: (٥٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
   
 
 
 W J
 E٥١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬: (٥١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺳﻄﺤﻲ وﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ‬
 KKK٢،K٢‫א‬
  
     
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE 90o ، 60o ، 45o F‫א‬‫א‬E٥٢F‫א‬
 
‫ ﺳـﻜﻴﻦ ﻓـﺮز‬: (٥٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎري ذات زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ‬  
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E٥٣F‫א‬،EF‫א‬
  5o  80o – 60o ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﺮز اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‬:(٥٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ذات زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻔﺮدة‬  
 
 
- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W–
 E٥٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 KE١٦٠ J٤٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ وﺟﻬﻴـﺔ‬:(٥٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
       
 W‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬E٥٥F‫א‬
 ١{٥ERadiusF‫א‬
 KK٢
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﺘﺢ‬: (٥٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫أﺳﻨﺎن أﻗﺮاص ﻣﺴﻨﻨﺔ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WESlot drillF J
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺟﻴﻮب ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬: (٥٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٥٦F‫א‬،٥٠
 W(End-milling)‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،E٥٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﺮز اﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬: (٥٧ ) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
KK٥
 
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 WEDovetail CutterF–
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦F،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 KE٥٨F‫א‬ 60o  45o ‫א‬،٣٨
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻏﻨﻔﺎرﻳـﺔ‬: (٥٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
 W (T-Slot Cutter)T–
 ‫א‬T‫א‬
 
(T) ‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﺠﺎر ﺣﺮف‬:(٥٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬
 ،٢٤‫א‬Standard
      KE٥٩F‫א‬
 W(Corner rounding cutter) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬¼‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬:(٦٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ERadiusF
      KE٦٠F‫א‬١٢
 
 
 :(Corner rounding cutter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
   
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺪارات داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬: (٦١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K
KE٦١F‫א‬K٥،‫א‬
 
 
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬EJaw CapsF
‫ ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬:(٦٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٢F‫א‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻠﻴﻦ‬
 
      
 ‫א‬Protective blocks   -
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦٣F‫א‬
‫ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟﺔ‬:(٦٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣‫א‬‫א‬
        KE٦٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟﺔ‬: (٦٤) ‫ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦٤F‫א‬
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻻت ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬:(٦٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬
 KE٦٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
        
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٦٦F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٦٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،(V-Block)V‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬،E٦٧F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻻت اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬:(٦٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
       
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦٨F‫א‬
‫ رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻻت ﺻﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬: (٦٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 Thin plate‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EHold downF
 KE٦٩F‫א‬
 
  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٦٩F‫א‬
 
         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٠F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫( اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوارة‬٧٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬ J٤
     K J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫( ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوارة‬٧١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE٧١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬E٧٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٧٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EºK٣٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،E٤F‫א‬
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KE٧٣F‫א‬EA,B,C,F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬: (٧٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 E٧٥F‫א‬
 KE٧٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫ ﻣﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺰﻳﺖ‬: (٧٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE، J٧٥F‫א‬،
 
 
 
 
‫( ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘـﺔ‬٧٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧٦F‫א‬
 
‫ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺔ اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﻳﺰة‬: (٧٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬   
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬
 KE، J٧٧F
 
 
 
 
‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺰﻳﺘـﺔ‬: (٧٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K(Neutral Position)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ J١
  J
 ‫א‬ J
  J
  J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
  J
  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬L١٤٠١٠٠‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬L٤٤–
 K‫א‬L٤٠٤ J
 K‫א‬L٤٤٠ J
 K‫א‬L٤٤ J
 WT‫א‬–٥
 ١ J
 ٢ J
 ٣ J
 ٤ J
- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 K J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 °٤٥ J
 °٩٠ J
 °١٥٠ J
 °٣٦٠ J
 W‫א‬L٥٠،١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 ‫א‬L‫א‬ ١٠٦ J
 ‫א‬L ١٦٠ J
 ‫א‬L ١٠٠٦ J
 ‫א‬L١٦٠٠ J
 W‫א‬ J٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬–
 °٧٥‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 
 
- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
3
 
 
 
 
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 WE،‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬،،
 ، ،،‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٣
(١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
(٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
(٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬٢٥٠C٢٠٠ J٤
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K–‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬٢٥٠C٢٠٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J٤
 WE،،‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬ ‫א‬،ECOLLETF‫א‬،‫א‬،
 ،،A 4،،٢٥٠C٣٥٠ 
 K‫א‬،،‫א‬،E،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KT‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 E١F‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ECOLLETF‫א‬
 KE ١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 E‫א‬L٤٠F‫א‬
KE٢F‫א‬
(٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ،‫א‬L١٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
(٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٧
 ‫א‬،‫א‬E
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
 E٤F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 ‫א‬EF
 KE٥F‫א‬
(٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 ‫א‬EF
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
(٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 

- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 KE٧F‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬
 
 
 
 
(٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–١١
 K‫א‬ J١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 ‫א‬
(٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬KK٢
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J١٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤،١٣F‫א‬  J١٥
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧
 ‫א‬‫ א‬-
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬ J١٨

 
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، J١
‫א‬٣٥CK٤CK٦‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 WE،‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬W
،،K٥CK٧CKK١،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،،،‫א‬،،،،
KK١CK٣‫א‬ ،K٩‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
(١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬ J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
E٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬ 
 
 
 
 

- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 KE٥F‫א‬
 
(٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
(٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
‫א‬  KE٧F‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
K٣‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F‫א‬   J١٥
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬
(٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨
 
 
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠W‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 KE٧٠F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬  KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ -

 ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
، ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬(Backlash)‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
(‫دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬/‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ )ﻣﻢ( × ﺳﺮﻋﺔ دوران اﻟﻤﺤﻮر )دورة‬  
١٠٠٠  ZELF‫א‬
 
 CπC
 Z    
 ١٠٠٠
 
 K‫א‬Z
 ٣{١٤Z‫א‬‫א‬Zπ
 KELF‫א‬‫א‬Z
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
‫א‬     
 (HSS)‫א‬ EF  EF  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ٣٢  ٦٠ J٥٠  ١٥٠ J١٢٠  E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ٢٤  ٦٠ J٣٠  ١٠٠ J٧٥  E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ٢٤  ٧٥ J٣٠  ١٠٠ J٥٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٧  ٧٥ J٥٠  ١٥٠  E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ١٥  ٢٥  ٣٥  E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ١٥٠  ٣٠٠ J٩٥  ١٢٠٠ J٣٠٠  ‫א‬
 ٦٠  ٢٤٠  ١٨٠  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٠  ١٥٠  ٣٠٠  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٠  ١٥٠ J٧٥  ٢٤٠ J١٥٠  ‫א‬
 ٥٠  ٢٤٠ J١٥٠  ٣٠٠ J٢٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
  
 KL٩٠‫א‬،١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬W
 W
 
٩٠C١٠٠٠
 ١٥٠C٣{١٤
 ZEF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 L٢٠٠Z   
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ELF‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L
 ٥٠‫א‬‫א‬،٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،٨٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٥٠‫א‬‫א‬٨٠‫א‬
 K٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 KELF‫א‬
 WCCZ‫א‬
 KELF‫א‬Z
 KELF‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬Z
،L٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KL٠{٢‫א‬،‫א‬٨‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KL٣٢٠Z٨C٢٠٠C٠{٢ZCCZELF‫א‬
E L F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ELF‫א‬E٢F‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 ELF‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
     ‫א‬
 *C  **HSS  *C  **HSS
 ٠{٢٥  ٠{٢٨  ٠{٥٠  ٠{٥٥  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٣  ٠{١٣  ٠{٢٥  ٠{٢٣  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٥  ٠{١٥  ٠{٣٠  ٠{٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٥  ٠{١٥  ٠{٣٠  ٠{٢٨  E‫א‬F‫א‬
 ٠{١٨  ٠{١٥  ٠{٣٥  ٠{٣٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٨  ٠{١٣  ٠{٣٥  ٠{٢٥ F‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬
 ٠{١٨  ٠{١٠  ٠{٣٥  ٠{٢٠  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٣  ٠{٠٥  ٠{٢٥  ٠{١٠  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٣  ٠{٠٨  ٠{٢٥  ٠{١٥  (SS)
 
- ٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 KG
 K‫א‬‫א‬GG
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٤F‫א‬،٠{٥–٠{٣
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬W
 K‫א‬W
،‫א‬C‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ٠{٥–٠{٣  (Finish – milling)
 ٥ J٣ (Rough – 
 milling)
 ١٥ J٦  (Heavy – duty milling) 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ (Heavy –  
 duty)
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Light- F  
 duty
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬،H.s.s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 (Hand cut)‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
 
 
 K(Hand of helix)‫א‬ J
E J٧F‫א‬،
،E J٧F‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬
 35o – 25o 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬10o 
‫א‬ 10o 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K(No.Of flute)‫א‬ J
‫א‬،،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨F
- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 (Length of cut) ‫א‬ J

 K––W‫א‬
 (Peripheral cutting edge)‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،E٩F‫א‬،––W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Heavy- ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،duty)
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
 
 ( End cutting edge) ‫א‬ J
،  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E١٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 (Shank)‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬،(MT, BS,NT)‫א‬،‫א‬W
 KE١١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬
- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 (Throw-away tips)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E١٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬  
 
 EInsert blade typeF‫א‬
 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ E١٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬
 
 
- ٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E١٤F‫א‬
 K٢٠٠،٢٠
 
 WE١٤F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬E١٥F
 K١٦٠١٦٠
 
 WE١٥F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
 
 
- ٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
 KE١٧F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬  KE١٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬WE١٩F‫א‬  KE١٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٠F‫א‬،‫א‬C
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٢F‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬ L٥٠ J٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ WE٢٣F‫א‬  KE٢٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬C‫א‬
 KE٢٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 KE٢٥F‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬
 
‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٦F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬WE٢٦F‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 (Adjusting – nut)‫א‬ J
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬WE٢٧F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٨F‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١٥‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٢٨F‫א‬
- ٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   
 KE٢٩F‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬
،‫א‬
 KE٣٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬WE٣٠F‫א‬
 KL٢٢٧
 K‫א‬L١٨٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣١F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬WE٣١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬٢
 KE٣٢F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬WE٣٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
٤  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٣٣F‫א‬  
 
 
 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬ J
 
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٣٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٤F
 
 
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬WE٣٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٥F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٣٦F‫א‬  KE٣٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬WE٣٧F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٣٨F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٣٨F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   KE٣٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٣٩F‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 KE٤٠F‫א‬
،،‫א‬ J
 E٤٠F‫א‬
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٤١F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٤٢F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
،‫א‬ 
 KE٤٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KE٤٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬WE٤٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 
 
- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
   
 ‫א‬WE٤٤F‫א‬  
،‫א‬ -
 KE٤٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٥F‫א‬  
 
١A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٦F‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٦F‫א‬  K‫א‬
‫א‬D‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٤٧F‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 P A B C D E A 
 KE٤٨F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤٨F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٤٩F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٤٩F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٥٠F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٥٠F‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 K‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٤
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 ‫؟‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬L٩٠‫א‬١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬L٨٥‫א‬،٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
L٢٥‫א‬١٢،٧٠‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
 KE٠{٠٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K J
 K J
 K J
 K J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
 K١٠،١٥٠‫א‬
 
  
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
   W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J١ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢ 
   WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،، ٥٠
 C٥٠C٧٥،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬،،F
،،E،
 
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،،‫א‬ E‫א‬F،،٣٠W‫א‬

 
K،١٥٠‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -  
‫א‬ -  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 E١F  K‫א‬ J٢  
 K١٥٠ -  
 KL٢٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬
- ٧٤ -
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﻧﺰع ﺣﻮاﻓﻆ ﻓﻜﻲ اﻟﻤﻠﺰﻣﺔ وﺛﺒﺖ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻞ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻋﻴًﺎ وﺿﻊ ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻄﺮي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك وﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ ‬آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٢‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬أ‪‬ﺟﺮ ﻗﻄﻌًﺎ ﺗﺨﺸﻴﻨﻴًﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺒﻌًﺎ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬أ‪‬ﺟﺮ ﻗﻄﻌًﺎ ﺗﻨﻌﻴﻤﻴًﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﺒﻌًﺎ اﻟﺨﻄﻮات ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬اﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﺪ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻣﻊ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺮاﻋﻴًﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺤﻮاف ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﺮد ‪،‬آﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٢‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﺛﺒﺖ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬وأﺟﺮ ﻗﻄﻌًﺎ ﺗﺨﺸﻴﻨﻴًﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ ،‬آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٩‬ﻗﺲ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ وﺻﻔﻲ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﻌﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬ﺛﺒﺖ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻷول ﻟﻸﺳﻔﻞ واﻟﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬وأﺟ ِﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٣‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺨﺸﻴﻨﻴًﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ‪،‬آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ .(٥‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٥‬‬
‫‪- ٧٥ -‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬  
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
 KE٧F‫א‬،٥٩٠  
  
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 K‫א‬   J١٤
 K‫א‬   J١٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 
  ،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨
- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬E٣٨C٦٠C٧٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٢F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،،E٣٨C٦٠C٧٠F ،‫א‬‫א‬
 
، ‫א‬،‫א‬،،F
 
،،،،، ،E
 
، ٣٠‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 K
 
- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J١
 
 KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢٠،‫א‬   J٢
 
 K‫א‬
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J٣
 
 KE٢F‫א‬
  
  
 
(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 EAF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    J٤
 
 KE٣F‫א‬،‫א‬
   
 
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 KE٤F‫א‬
 
 
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ١٠EF   J٦
‫א‬‫א‬٤–٣
 K‫א‬L٢٠
 
 
E٦F‫א‬–٧
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ٠E٥F‫א‬،٩{٥
 
EF   J٨
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 KE٦F
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
E٨F‫א‬ J٩
 
 K١٧{٥
 
‫א‬ J١٠
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠
 
 KE‫א‬F
 
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٧F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 
 KE٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٩F  
  
‫א‬ J١٤ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬،‫ א‬ 
  
 
 
(١٠) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 EBF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
(١١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 K‫א‬
EF   J١٧
٤ J٣١٠‫א‬ 
 
 KE١١F‫א‬،L٢٠
١١{٥E١٧F‫א‬ J١٨
 
 K‫א‬E١١F‫א‬،
٤ J٣EF   J١٩
(١٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
١٧{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١١F‫א‬،
٩{٥(B)   J٢٠
 
L٢٠‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣
 
 KE١٢F‫א‬،
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J٢١
 
،(B)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 KE، J١٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬(B)‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٢
(١٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬٤٢C٦٠C٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 
 ‫א‬
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،،E٤٢C٦٠C٧٠F، ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
،،E،‫א‬،‫א‬،،F
 
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،‫א‬
 
‫א‬،،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬
،
- ٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١F‫א‬
 E١F  
 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
 
 E٢F   
- ٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
  J٣
L٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٥٠
 ٠٤ J٣L 
 K‫א‬٢٠   J٤
  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
  J٦
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠{٥‫א‬
‫א‬،٤‫א‬

 
 KE٣F‫א‬،١٧{٥‫א‬
‫א‬٤١٧{٥‫א‬   J٧
 
،٣٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 KE٤F‫א‬
  
  J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬٤ J٣‫א‬ J٩
 
٤٧‫א‬١٠{٥‫א‬
 
 KE٥F‫א‬،٧{٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬
- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
EF J١٢

‫א‬٠{٢،L٠{١L ٣٠
 
 E٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   
‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣

 
‫א‬،٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE ٨F
  
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   
 K١٠‫א‬ J١٤

  
 
‫א‬، ٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
 KE٩ F‫א‬،٤٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
   K‫א‬‫א‬
   
   
   
 
- ٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬٣٨C٦٠C٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٤F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
   W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   J١ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   J٢ 
  WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴًﺎ‬
،،E٣٨C٦٠ C٧٠F،‫א‬‫א‬
،E ،‫א‬،‫א‬،،
  F
،‫א‬‫א‬،،،،،
،،‫א‬E‫א‬F،،٣٠‫א‬

 ‫א‬٢٠
 K
- ٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
 KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 K‫א‬٢٠ J٣
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬٢{٥     J٥
 KE٢F‫א‬، ‫א‬
١  
٢
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢F A 
 EA D B C
 
 KE٣F‫א‬
  
 K٤{٩‫א‬  J٧
  
(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨

  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 
 
 K‫א‬١٠  J١٠
 
 
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬٠{١‫א‬ J١١
(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
E 90 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FG
o
 KE٤F‫א‬،E
 
- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ٣  ‫א‬  E١F‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 ١٠٠  ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ١ 
‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠C٣٢C٦٠F  
 K‫א‬  
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE–T JV
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
TV
 ‫א‬ o
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 KE٧٠F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E‫א‬–T JVF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬H.S.S.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
  JV J
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W
WE J١FW‫א‬‫א‬ J
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE J١FW‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K JV J‫א‬
 WE J١FW‫א‬‫א‬–
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬45٦٠٩٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
‫ ﺳﻜﺎآﻴﻦ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬: (١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  JT–
‫א‬(Shank)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   
 
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 K JT–‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
(٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٩٠،٦٠،45
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻏﻨﻔﺎرﻳﺔ ذات زاوﻳﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬:(٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
45‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٩٠،٦٠،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 U
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
،E٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K JU– -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬١٦ J٨‫א‬
 KE J٦F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE J٦F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬U
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬  K
- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬T
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،H.S.S.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬–
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬–
 KE،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
١٠٠٠×‫ﺳﺮﻋﻪ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬  
‫= دورة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
π × ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ١٠٠٠C  Z
π  C  
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 E‫א‬F‫א‬Z
 KEF‫א‬Z
 K٣{١٤Zπ
E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 H.S.S.
٣٥٠ ١٢٠ J٩٠ 
٢٥٠–٢٠٠ ٨٠–٥٠ 
٨٠ J٥٠ ٢٠ J١٥ 
٣٠٠–١٠٠ ٦٠–٤٠ 
٦٠ J٥٠ ١٥–١٢ 
١٥٠–١٠٠ ٣٥ J٢٥ 
 ٢٠٠–١٠٠  ٥٠–٣٥  ‫א‬
 
- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 WE١F
‫א‬T‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤٥E١٢F
 W‫א‬
١٠٠٠× ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
π × ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠× ‫س ع‬
 
 LZ π × ‫ق‬  Z
 
 L١٠٠ZEF‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠×١٠٠
 
 L ٧٠٧Z ٣٫١٤×٤٥  Z
 
 WE٢F
H.S.S١٢‫א‬ JV–‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،L١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 ١٠٠٠C‫א‬
π × ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
١٠٠٠× ‫س ع‬
 LZπC Z
 
 ١٠٠٠C١٥
 ٣٩٨Z   Z
 ٣{١٤C١٢
 
 KL٤٠٠Z
 
 
 
 
- ٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 WE٣F
٨٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L٦٠‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
١٠٠٠C‫א‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
π C ‫א‬
١٠٠٠C  
 LZ
πC Z
 
١٠٠٠×٦٠
 L٢٣٨Z
٣٫١٤× ٨٠  Z
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 L‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ٠{٠٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬،‫א‬٠{٠٠٢
 K‫א‬
- ١٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ELF‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ L‫א‬
 ٠{٢ J٠{٠٥  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ٠{١ J٠{٠٥  T‫א‬   HKSKS
 ٠{١ J٠{٠٥  ‫א‬
 ٠{٢ J٠{٠٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٢ J٠{٠٧  ‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٢ J٠{٠٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٠٨ J٠{٠٣  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ٠{٠٦ J٠{٠٣  T‫א‬
 ٠{٠٧ J٠{٠٣  ‫א‬
 ٠{١٥ J٠{٠٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{١٥ J٠{٠٥  ‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٠٨ J٠{٠٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬–
EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬
 LZCC١Z
- ١٠١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W 
 Z‫א‬ J
 ١W‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬ J
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٤F
 
–‫א‬ JT–‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬،٨K٦‫א‬‫א‬ JT
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠× ‫س ع‬  
 LZπ × ‫ ق‬ Z
 ZEF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬LK٢–١٥
 
١٠٠٠× ٢٠
 L١٠٦Z٣٫١٤×٦٠
  Z
 
 Z‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 ٠{١ J٠{٠٥
 CC١Z‫א‬
 L٤٢{٤Z١٠٦C٨C٠{٠٥KZ
 
 
- ١٠٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 WE٥F
‫א‬ JV–L١٠٠ ‫א‬
، ٠{٠٥‫א‬١٤ ٨٠‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
١٠٠٠× ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬  W‫א‬
π × ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠× ‫س ع‬
 
π × ‫ق‬
 LZ  Z
 
١٠٠٠× ١٠٠
 L٣٩٨Z
٣٫١٤×٨٠  Z
 CC١Z‫א‬
 L٢٧٨{٦Z٣٩٨C١٤C٠{٠٥Z
 
 WE٦F
L٢٢٠١٤‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،L٠{٠٣
 
 W‫א‬
 CC١Z‫א‬
 ٢٢٠C١٤C٠{٠٣Z
 L٩٢{٤Z
 
 
 
 
- ١٠٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  JV–
‫א‬ JV–
E‫א‬‫א‬F
E J٨F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J٨F ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 KE J٨F‫א‬،
 
 
 
  
VWE٨F‫א‬
 V‫א‬ J١
‫א‬ V‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬
،E٩٠،٦٠،45F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
VWE٩F‫א‬ 
 ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩F‫א‬١٨‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٩٠F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٨
 
- ١٠٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  JV–‫א‬ J٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ JV–‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬–
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E١١F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ JU–‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ –
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J١٢F
٣٦٠ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE١٢F‫א‬  KE J١٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٠٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
E١٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K E١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺮى‬: (١٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
  JV J
 WE١٥Z٣F‫א‬
 E K١٠ZF  ‫א‬  
،
‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬ EF
٣‫א‬‫א‬KE٣٩١Z
WE١٥F‫א‬V
 W‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 EHF JZ٣
 W
 E‫א‬‫א‬FZ
 ٤٥
 ٢C١Z١٠Z
 ٠{٥
 ١٤{١Z
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠H١٤{١٠KF J٣٩{١Z٣
 ٢٤{١–٣٩{١Z
 ١٥Z
 K‫א‬V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  JT–
٥٤ J١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬
١٧E١F ‫א‬
،٤٠–٧٥E١F٨٣–
 ‫א‬٥١ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٤ J٦‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
،15o ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٦F‫א‬
TWE١٦F‫א‬
- ١٠٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  JT J‫א‬

T‫א‬
،E١F‫א‬‫א‬E٢،١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E١٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KT
TWE١٧F‫א‬
 
 
 T‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 U‫א‬ J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٨F‫א‬،
 JU–WE١٨F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،T‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩F‫א‬
 
 
T ‫ ﻣﺠﺮى ﺣﺮف‬:(١٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
 
 
- ١٠٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  JT–
‫א‬ JT–‫א‬
‫א‬E،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٠F
 
 
 
–T-WE٢٠F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٩٠ ٦٠ ٤٥‫א‬
‫א‬١٥‫א‬
 ٦٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬ ،  ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٢F‫א‬،١٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ١٠٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٣F‫א‬،٢٠‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 U
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ٢٢–
 E٢٤F‫א‬،
 
 
WE٢٤F‫א‬
 
 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٥F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ١١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE٢٦F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦F‫א‬  
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J
 KE٢٧F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
UWE٢٧F‫א‬  
 
 
- ١١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠ ‫א‬–
 KE٢٨F‫א‬،٢٠‫א‬
 
 
 
 
‫( ﺳﻜﻴﻦ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﺠﺮى ﻏﻨﻔﺎري‬٢٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 KE٢٩F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE J٢٩F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫ ﻓﺤﺺ دﻗﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬:(٢٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 KE J٢٩F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬–
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬–
 K
WE٣٠F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 E٣٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 KE٣١F‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬WE٣١F‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﺠﺮى ﻏﻨﻔﺎري‬:(٣٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬–
 K
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE J٣٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬–
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 KE J٣٢F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 KE٣٣F‫א‬
 
 
‫ ﻓﺤﺺ دﻗﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬:(٣٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE٢،١F ‫א‬E٣٤F
 ‫א‬،‫א‬E٢،١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F
‫( آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس أﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺠﺮى ﻏﻨﻔﺎري‬٣٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٢٥Z١F‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٥F‫א‬E
 ١٠ZF ‫א‬ 
 KE٥٢٣F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 EHF–Z١W‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 
 
‫ﻧﻖ‬  
 E‫א‬F ٣٠ ‫ﻇﺎ‬Z
 
١٠
 ١٧٣Z٣C١٠Z١ Z
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٥ZE١٧٣H١٠F J٥٢٣Z١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬E٣٥F‫א‬  E٧٥Z٢F‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٠ZF‫א‬
E٣٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ،
 ‫א‬
 K٢٠٤Z
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬WE٣٦F‫א‬  KEHF٢HZ٢W‫א‬
 W
 E‫א‬‫א‬F١٧٣Z
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠H١٧٣F٢H٢٠٤Z٢
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ٥٤٦H٢٠٤Z
 ٧٥Z
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ١١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬–٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 KV J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K١٦–٨ J
 K٢٦–١٨ J
 K٣٦–٢٨ J
 K٤٦–٣٨ J
 WT‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K١٠ J٤ J
 K١٤–٦ J
 K٢٠–١٦ J
 K٣٠–٢٤ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KT J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K٤٥ J
 K٥٥ J
 K٦٥ J
 K٨٥ J
- ١١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 E٢٠F‫א‬ JV–‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،LE١٥F
 LE١٠٠FE ٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،L٠٠٢٥
‫א‬L١٢٠ JT J‫א‬–٥
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٨٠–T J
 JT–‫א‬ JT–‫א‬  J٦
 ٢٠٠
 ‫א‬،L٠٠٤‫א‬٨E٤٥FL
 L‫א‬
 E٤٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،L٦٥‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬   –V–W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JV–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E١F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬–V–W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KV J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬V J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KV‫א‬ J٥
 KV J٦
 K‫א‬V J٧
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 ،٤٠C٥٠C٦٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F،‫א‬،EF،
،٦٥٠،،
‫א‬‫א‬،،٢٠٦٠٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،،‫א‬
 
 
- ١٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١F‫א‬ KE١F‫א‬
‫א‬ J٣
 KE٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
L٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 L١٦٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
π × ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬
 L٣٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
E٢F‫א‬
 L٠٠٥Z‫א‬
١٠٠٠ × ٣٠

٣٫١٤ × ٥٠
Z‫א‬‫א‬
 L١٩١Z
 L٢٠٠Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬
 ٢٠٠C١٦C٠٠٥Z
 L١٦٠Z
 K‫א‬  J٥

- ١٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
E٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
E٣F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 E٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
  J٨
 
 
 
 
E٤F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬ J٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٣
E٦F‫א‬
 ٦٠٩٠‫א‬
KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ J١٤
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
L١٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
 L٢٢٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
(٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 L٣٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
 L٠٠٧Z‫א‬
 ٢٠Z‫א‬
 ٦٠Z‫א‬
١٠٠٠ × ٣٠
٣٫١٤ × ٦٠  Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 L١٥٩Z
 L١٦٠Z
C‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦٠C٢٠C٠{٠٧Z
 K٢٢٤Z
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 E٨F‫א‬‫א‬ J١٧
 K١٥‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٠
K
 ‫א‬ J٢١
- ١٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬ ،V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٢
 V‫א‬ J٢٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬،E٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٥
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٦
 ،٦‫א‬٥٠‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬
 
(١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٨
 E١١F‫א‬،V
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
(١١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  V
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٠
 E١٢F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣١
 
 
 ٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٢
 K١٦٠‫א‬L
(١٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
  J٣٣
 KV
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٨
E١٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٩
 KE١٣F‫א‬،
 ١٦‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤٠
 K١٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
E١٤F‫א‬
 KE١٤F‫א‬
- ١٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٢F‫א‬
 E٣FW‫א‬‫א‬   –T–W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JT–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 ٣W‫א‬‫א‬    TW‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K  J١
 K‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٦
 KT‫א‬–٧
 
 WE،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W
 
‫א‬،،٥٠C٢٠C٣٠،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،،،‫א‬E
 ،F،
،١٠‫א‬٥‫א‬٢٠T،١٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 
- ١٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
E١F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  E١F‫א‬
 
 
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٢
 
E٢F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 L٦٦٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 KL٦٦
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
E٣F‫א‬
 L٢٥Z‫א‬‫א‬
 L٠٠٥Z‫א‬
 
- ١٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ٢Z‫א‬
 ١٢Z‫א‬
 ١٠٠٠C‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 πC‫א‬
 
 ١٠٠٠C٢٥Z
 ٣١٤C١٢
 L٦٦٠Z
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z
 ٦٦٠C٢C٠٠٥Z
E٤F‫א‬  L٦٦Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 ،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
  J٨
 
 
E٥F‫א‬  
 
 K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 
 
 
- ١٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
E٦F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 ‫א‬٧{٥
 K١٥
 
 ‫א‬ J١٤
 KE٧F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
E٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬T‫א‬ J١٧
 ‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٠،٥
E٨F‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩
 E٩F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬
 KT‫א‬
- ١٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢١
 E١٠F‫א‬،‫א‬
  J٢٢
 ٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٣
 ،L١٢٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 L٢٥Z‫א‬‫א‬
 L٠٠٥Z‫א‬
 ٦Z‫א‬
E١٠F‫א‬
١٠٠٠× ‫ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ٢٠Z‫א‬
π × ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠×٢٥  
٣٫١٤×٢٠
 Z  
 L٤٠٠Z٣٩٨Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬
 ٤٠٠C٦C٠٠٥Z
 L١٢٠Z
 T‫א‬ J٢٤
 K١٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٥
 K ‫א‬‫א‬  J٢٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٧
 ‫א‬T‫א‬ J٢٨
 KE١١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢٩
E١١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T
- ١٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣٠
 
 E٣F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬     –‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬–٥
 K‫א‬–٦
 K‫א‬–٧
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،٥٠C٣٠C٤٠‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،F،
H.S.S.،‫א‬E
‫א‬٣٠‫א‬H.S.S.‫א‬١٤
،،
 ،٦٠‫א‬‫א‬١٤ ‫א‬١٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬
(١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٤
 
 
 
 
 
(٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 
 
(٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 
- ١٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 KL٤٠L
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 L٢٥Z‫א‬‫א‬
 L٠{٠٥Z‫א‬
 ٢Z‫א‬
 ٢٠Z‫א‬
π × ‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
١٠٠٠×٢٥
٣٫١٤×٢٠  Z
 
 L٤٠٠Z٣٩٨Z
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z
 ٤٠٠C٢C٠٠٥Z
 L٤٠Z
(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 E٥F‫א‬‫א‬
  J٨
 
 K٧٥‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
(٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
 
(٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
‫א‬١٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 KEF
(٧) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬ J١٧
 ‫א‬٦٠‫א‬١٥C٣٠
 KE٧F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٩
 E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬
(٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ١٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٩F‫א‬‫א‬
  J
 
 ٢٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
 KL١٠٦L
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٨Z‫א‬
(٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ٣٠Z‫א‬
π × ‫ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠٠×٢٥  
٣٫١٤×٣٠
 Z
 L٢٦٥Z
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬C‫א‬Z
 ٢٦٥C٨C٠٠٥Z
 L١٠٦Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١٥‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 KE١٠F‫א‬
(١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬–T––V-‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥٠C٥٠C٥٠F‫א‬
 ٦W‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 KE٧٠F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ،
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 
 
 WE١F‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K
  
  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬  K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٣F‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬
 
- ١٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ١   ‫א‬‫ א‬ ٥    ‫א‬‫א‬  ١

   ‫א‬  ٦    ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٢
 ٢   ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ٧  ١  ‫א‬‫ א‬ ٣
   ‫א‬  ٨    ‫א‬‫ א‬ ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢ J١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬١ J٢ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮﻩ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ × ﻋﺪداﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮﻩ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ × ﻋﺪداﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬

 
=
٣٫١٤ π  Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣{١٤ZE‫א‬‫א‬Fπ
 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 EF‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ي‬
  Z  
‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬
 Z‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬  
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٫١٤
  Z    ‫ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ‬ Z 
 
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬
 E٢F  E١F
 ٠{٢٣٣  ٠{٢  ٠{٤٣٣  ٠{٦٢٨  ٠{٢
 ٠{٢٩٢  ٠{٢٥  ٠{٥٤٢  ٠{٧٨٥  ٠{٢٥
 ٠{٣٥٠  ٠{٣  ٠{٦٥٠  ٠{٩٤٣  ٠{٣
 ٠{٤٦٧  ٠{٤  ٠{٨٦٧  ١{٢٥٧  ٠{٤
 ٠{٥٨٣  ٠{٥  ١{٠٨٣  ١{٥٧١  ٠{٥
 ٠{٧  ٠{٦  ١{٣  ١{٨٨٥  ٠{٦
 ٠{٨١٧  ٠{٧  ١{٥١٧  ٢{١٩٩  ٠{٧
 ٠{٩٣٣  ٠{٨  ١{٧٣٣  ٢{٥١٣  ٠{٨
 ١{٠٥٠  ٩KK  K١{٩٥  ٢{٨٢٧  ٠{٩
 ١{١٦٧  ١  ٢{١٦٧  ٣{١٤٢  ١
 ١{٤٥٨  ١{٢٥  ٢{٧{٨  ٣{٩٢٧  ١{٢٥
 ١{٧٥٠  ١{٥  K٣{٢٥  ٤{٧١٢  ١{٥
 ٢{٠٤٢  ١{٧٥  ٣{٧٩٢  ٥{٤٩٨  ١{٧٥
 ٢{٣٣٣  ٢  ٤{٣٣٣  ٦{٢٨٣  ٢
 ٢{٦٢٥  ٢{٢٥  ٤{٨٧٥  ٦٧KK٧  ٢{٢٥
 ٢{٩١٧  ٢{٥  ٥{٤١٧  ٧{٨٥٤  ٢{٥
 ٣{٢{٨  ٢{٧٥  ٥{٩٥٨  ٨{٦٣٩  ٢{٧٥
 ٣{٥  ٣  ٦{٥  ٩{٤٢٥  ٣
 ٤{٠٨٣  ٣{٥  ٧{٥٨٣  ١٠{٩٩٦  ٣{٥
 ٤{٦٦٦  ٤  ٨{٦٦٦  ١٢{٥٦٦  ٤
 ٥{٢٥٠  ٤{٥  ٩{٧٥٠  ١٤{١٣٧  ٤{٥
 ٥{٨٣٣  ٥  ١٠{٨٣٣  ١٥{٧٠٨  ٥
 ٧  ٦  ١٣  ١٨{٨٥٠  ٦
 
- ١٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬Z‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬  
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Z‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١L٦H‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬E١L٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
 KE٨F
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢HZ١
 E٢HFZ
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢{٣٣٤–FZ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 EF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢H١Z
 ١{١٦٧HZ 
 ٢{١٦٧Z 
 
‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬  EF‫א‬
 EF  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢ J١ ٣{١٤ 
 
  Z 
 
Z  Z
 
 EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬
 ‫א‬H‫א‬
 ٢
 Z
 
 E‫א‬H‫א‬F
 Z
 ٢
 
 ‫א‬EF‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬
 
   E‫א‬ J‫א‬F
٢
 Z
F‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
 E‫א‬  
E‫א‬ J‫א‬F
٢
 Z
- ١٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   C  EF‫א‬‫א‬  ١
ZCZ
 ٣{١٤
   ١      EF‫א‬  ٢
 Z  Z  Z 
  ٢H  ٣{١٤  
  ٣{١٤C١  ٣{١٤C  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٣
 Z  Z  ٣{١٤C  Z 
  ٢Z  
 Z  E١F‫א‬‫א‬  ٤
 C١{١٦٧Z  E٢F‫א‬‫א‬  ٥
 E٢HFZC٢HZ  E١F‫א‬‫א‬  ٦
 C٢{٣٣٤–Z  E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٧
 C٢{١٦٧Z  EF‫א‬  ٨
 ٢ J١  ٣{١٤C    EF‫א‬  ٩
  Z  Z  Z 
     
 C١L٦Z  EF‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬H‫א‬F  ‫א‬H‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١١
Z Z
 ٢  ٢  EF
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  EF‫א‬ ١٢
Z 
 ٢  ٢
 
- ١٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E J١٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE J١٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE١٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬
 
 
- ١٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،E F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ E١٥F ،E٨F
 K‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬،E٨FE٤F‫א‬
 K E١٥F‫א‬
 KE٨FWE٤F‫א‬
 E٨F
 E٩‫א‬F
 ٨  ٧  ٦  ٥  ٤  ٣  ٢  ١  ‫א‬
 J١٣٥  J٣٥  J٢١  J١٤  J١٢  ‫א‬

١٣٤ J٥٥ ٣٤ J٢٦ K٢ J١٧
 ‫א‬  ٥٤  ٢٥  ١٦  ١٣  KK
 K E١٥FWE٥F‫א‬
  E١٥F
 E٩‫א‬F
 ٤{٥  ٤  ٣{٥  ٣  ٢{٥  ٢  ١{٥  ١  ‫א‬
٢٥ J٢٣  J٢١ K٢ J١٩ ١٨ J١٧  J١٥  ١٤  ١٣  ١٢  KK‫א‬
 ٢٢  ١٦
 ٨  ٧{٥  ٧  ٦{٥  ٦  ٥{٥  ٥  ‫א‬
 J١٣٥  J٨١  K٨ J٥٥  J٤٢  J٣٥ ٣٤ JK٣  J٢٦  KK‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ١٣٤  ٥٤  ٤١  ٢٩
 
- ١٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٣{٥‫א‬٣٠WE١F
 K١٠٥Z٣٠C٣{٥Z‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ J١ W‫א‬
 K١١٢ZE٣{٥C٢FH١٠٥ZE‫א‬C٢FH‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ J٢  
 K١١Z٣{١٤C٣{٥Z٣{١٤C‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣  
 K٧{٥٨٤Z٣{٥C٢{١٦٧Z‫א‬C٢{١٦٧Z‫א‬ J٤  
١١ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
 
 ٥{٥Z
٢ Z ٢   Z‫א‬ J٥  
 K٠{٥٨٣٣٣Z٣{٥C٠{١٦٦٦٦Z‫א‬،٦L١Z‫א‬ J٦  
‫א‬‫א‬KE٢F‫א‬EK٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K١٠٠Z٢C٥٠ZCZ‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K٦{٢٨Z٣{١٤C٢Z٣{١٤CZ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 K١٠٤ZE٢C٢FH١٠٠ZEC٢FHZ١‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 K٩٥{٣٣٢ZE٢C٢{٣٣٤F J١٠٠ZEC٢{٣٣٤F–Z٢‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
 K٢ZZ١‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
 K٢{٣٣٤Z٢C١{١٦٧ZC١{١٦٧Z٢‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
 K٤{٣٣٤Z٢C٢{١٦٧ZC٢{١٦٧Z‫א‬  J٧
E٣F‫א‬E٦F‫א‬E٢FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨
 K E٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 
، EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬،E٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٤٠
‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K ١٦،١٧،١٨،١٩،٢،١٥E١F 
 K ٢١،٢٣،٢٧،٢٩،٣١،٣٣E٢F 
 K ٣٩،٤١،٤٣،٤٧،٤٩،٣٧E٣F 
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٣٤،٣٧،٣٨،٣٩،٤١،٤٢،٤٣،K٢٤،٢٥،٢٨،٣W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٤٧،٤٩،٥١،٥٣،٥٤،٥٧،٥٨،٥٩،٦٢،٦٦،٤٦W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ١٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٤‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
- ١٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 KE K٦FE ٤٢FE ١٦F‫א‬،E٢٤١٢٨٦٤٣٢F

٦‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W
 K ٢٤‫א‬‫א‬
24
 ٤Z Z‫א‬W‫א‬
6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤Z‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٠
‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
 Z‫א‬
 
 ٤٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،E٤٠L١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤٠‫א‬
- ١٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
E١٠F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬WE١F

 W
40
 ٤Z
10 Z‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 KE٤‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ EF
 K ١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
10 40
 2 = = ‫א‬W‫א‬
15 15
E٢L٣FE١٠L١٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E٢L٣F،E٢L٣F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F
‫א‬‫א‬E١٠L١٥FE٥F‫א‬E٢L٣F‫א‬‫א‬
2 10
  2 2
3  15 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬  K
E١٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠‫א‬‫א‬
،١٥‫א‬‫א‬،
E١٠FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬
 
- ١٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E١٩F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٣٦٠F‫א‬
 KE٤٠F‫א‬
 
٣٦٠
 K٩Z  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
Z
٤٠
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 Z‫א‬
٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ WE١F
 K٥٣٦
٣٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬٤Z٩Z‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 WE٣٠١٢F١٢٣٠،
 ٦٠‫א‬
 
21 75 750 30 + (60 *12)
  1 7 =1 = = = ‫א‬W‫א‬
18 54 54 540 60 * 9
 
 K ١٨‫א‬٧‫א‬
 
 
- ١٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠F‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬
EF‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬EF
،EF‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،E٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬
 ٥٣‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 K 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
 ٤٠  ٤٠
 KE‫א‬FZZ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٣  
،٥٣‫א‬٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
- ١٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ٥٤Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  20 = 40 =  ٤٠ Z‫א‬
27 54 ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤٤،٤٨،٥٦،٦٤،٧٢،٨٦،١٠٠،٢٤،٢٨،٣٢،٣٦،٤٠،٢٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬
EF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬E٥٣F‫א‬E٥٤F E٢٧F‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
٤٠ ١ 
 KE JF
‫ أ‬ZZ
٢‫ي‬
 K‫א‬W W
 K‫א‬‫א‬W١ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W٢ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W 
- ١٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  20 = 40 = (53 − 54) 40 = 1‫ي‬ =‫س‬
27 54 54 2‫ي‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 20 ‫א‬‫א‬
27
20
‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
27
 W
  40 * 32 = 8 * 5 * 8 * 4 = 5 * 4 = 20
24 * 72 8*3 8*9 3 9 27
 K‫א‬٤٠،٣٢‫א‬
 K‫א‬٢٤،٧٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EHFEF‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬
  ‫א‬E JFEF‫א‬‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
- ١٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬EF
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F
 KE٢٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
EF
 WE٢٣F‫א‬
 KE٢٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬
E‫א‬F
 KE٢٤F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬EF
 KE٢٥F‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬
- ١٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 K E١٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٢٣F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 
٤٠
5 1 40
  = = = 
‫اﻟﻔﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺪداﻷﻗﺴﺎم‬ ‫א‬
15 3 120
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٤٠  ‫א‬
 KEFZ
‫أ‬
 
‫أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎدة‬ ‫ ﻋﺪد‬Z
 
  1− = (3−) * 1 = (123 − 120) 40
3 120
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E JF
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬
  24 = 1− = ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎدة‬
Z
‫اﻟﺘﺮوس‬
24
 
  1 ‫א‬‫א‬٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢٣F
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧F‫א‬
WE٢٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J     K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J  K E٤٠F J
 K J    KE‫א‬F J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫ א‬  ‫א‬ W E٢٨F ‫א‬  
 
- ١٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬EF
 KE٢٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٩F‫א‬  
 
 
 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٣٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
WE٣٠F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٣١F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣١F ‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬C٣{١٤Z
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬C١Z
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬C١{٢Z
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬C٢{٢Z
  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KE٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

- ١٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٢F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٥FE٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٨F‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
  K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE٣٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٣F‫א‬  
،E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E 3 ، 1 ، 1 F
4 2 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ١٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ = ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  3.14 *1 = 3.14 * ‫اﻟﻤﻮدﻳﻮل‬
5 ‫ﺧﻄﻮةاﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
  3.1416666 = 13 * 29 = 377 ٣{١٤‫א‬‫א‬
3 * 40 120
 
 
13 * 29
*1
26 * 29 2 * 13 29 13 * 29 13 * 29 3 * 40
  = * = = = = ‫א‬
30 * 40 2 *15 40 15 * 40 5 * 3 * 40 5
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 KE٣٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٣٤F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٢٦F‫א‬
 W‫א‬E ٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 754 = 26 * 29   

30 40 600
377
،E٢F‫א‬ ‫ ﻣﻢ‬3‫ ز‬24166 = 5 * ‫א‬‫א‬
600
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٠{٧٥F،E٠{٥F،E٠{٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E٣L٤F،E١L٢F،E١L٤F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E K30٢٦،K40،٢٩FWE٥F
 K‫א‬
 
- ١٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K  J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J١٢
 
- ١٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 LKK١٥‫א‬٢٥ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬٥٠
 KL٤٥٠ J١
 KL٧٥٠ J٢ 
 KL١٢٠٠ J٣ 
 KL١٥٠٠ J٤ 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K  J٣
 K  J٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬  J٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
  ١  J ١
 ٢  J٢
  ٦   J ٣
  ٨   J ٤
 
- ١٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬١٢٠‫א‬٣{٥ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١  J١
 K٣  J٢
 K٣{٥  J٣
 K٨  J٤
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  J٥
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٢FE٥٠F‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٠F‫א‬
،E٢٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬،E٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
 KE٢٥F
 K‫א‬E٦F،EK٤F J٨
‫א‬،E٣٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬،E٨٣F
 ‫א‬ J٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
 
- ١٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 ٦ W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  ‫ﻣﻢ‬٢٫٥ ‫ ﺳﻨًﺎ وﻣﻮدوﻟﻪ‬٢٥ ‫اﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﺮس ﻋﺪل ﻋﺪد أﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
‫ﻣﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬٦٧٫٥ ‫وﻗﻄﺮﻩ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي‬
    
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 E١F‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
W ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W 
  W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ 
   K‫א‬ J٢ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 
 K‫א‬ J٤ 
 
 WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
  ‫א‬،‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  
٢{٥E٤F J٢  
‫א‬E٥،٤F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
E٢F‫א‬
 
(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
 
 
 
  1 15 = 40 = ‫א‬‫א‬
25 25
 
.(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
  1 3 = ‫א‬  
5
 
  1 12 = ‫א‬٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
20
‫א‬L١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 
.(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 KE٥{٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
.(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٥F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
.(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  KE٦F
- ١٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 ٦ W ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 K‫ ﻣﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي‬١٨٣ ‫ ﻣﻢ وﻗﻄﺮﻩ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬٣ ‫ ﺳﻨًﺎ وﻣﻮدوﻟﻪ‬٥٩ ‫اﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﺮس ﻋﺪل ﻋﺪد أﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 E٢F‫א‬
 
 ٦W ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
   K‫א‬ J٤ 
   WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١  
 KE١F‫א‬  
E٣F‫א‬ J٢
 
 K‫א‬
 
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤  
 KE٢F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٧٧ -
‫א‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪W‬א‪‬א‪،‬א‪‬א‪،‬א‪ W‬‬
‫‪ - ٦ ‬اﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺤﻮر ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٣‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﺿﻊ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﻮق ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺪوران آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪  ‬اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٤‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬اﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٩ ‬ارﺟﻊ ﻃﺎوﻟﺔ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٥‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٣‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -١٠‬اﺿﺒﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺪوران ‪ ١٥٠‬د‪/‬د وﻃﻮل اﻟﺸﻮط‬
‫آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪.(٦‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -١١‬اﺿﺒﻂ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ ﻣﻘﺪار اﻟﻌﻤﻖ )‪(٦٫٥‬ﻣﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -١٢‬اﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺣﺮآﺔ ﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻔﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫)أ ‪ -‬ي(‬ ‫=‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٤‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪٤٠‬‬ ‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬
‫أ‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎدة‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(٥‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪- ١٧٨ -‬‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 ٦٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 
 ٢L٣Z٤٠L٦٠Z‫א‬
 K١٥‫א‬١٠ 
 40 Z‫א‬‫א‬ 
60
16 × 2
(٧) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   ZE٥٩ J٦٠F  
16 × 2
  
 Z 32 Z٢L٣Z 
48
‫א‬E٤٨F‫א‬E٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٧F‫א‬
 KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤ 
(٨) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٥
(٩) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬  
 KE٩F  
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٦
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE١٠F
(١٠) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
- ١٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 ٦W ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٠٠C٢٠C٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E٣F‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W 
  W‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   J١ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
   K‫א‬‫א‬ J٤ 
   WE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٢٠٠ C٢٠ C٢٠ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬ J١  
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
(١) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
- ١٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢ 
 K١٠٠C٢٠C٢٠
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣ 
 E٢F‫א‬ 
Indexing head for gear rack
‫א‬E٢F‫א‬ J٤ 
.(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 KE٨F 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬C٣{١٤Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K٣{٢٨Z٢C٣{١٤Z
 
E٢٦،٣٠،٢٩،٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬ J٦ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
.(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 KE٣F‫א‬ 
 KL١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨ 
 K٢‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩ 
 K‫א‬ 
.(٤) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 KE٤F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
 
- ١٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 
٨  ‫א‬  E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ١٠٠ ‫א‬ ٢‫א‬٢٠  ١
 
 K٤٤‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
- ١٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 KE٣٥F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫أﺷﻜﺎل أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺘﺮوس‬: (١)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ، ٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J١F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
E J١F‫א‬،E
‫א‬‫א‬
 ،Emiter gearsF‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KEcaronaF‫א‬EpinionF
‫ﺗﺮوس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬: (٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
90ْ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﻬﺎ‬
 
90‫א‬‫א‬
  E٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
90‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬
‫ﺗﺮوس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬: (٣)‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
90ْ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
 K
 
EF‫א‬‫א‬
 E٤F‫א‬
 E90
 F
 
‫ ﺗﺮوس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬:(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 
90ْ > ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
- ١٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
 E90
 F
 
 
 
‫ ﺗﺮوس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬:(٥) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬  
90ْ< ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
- ١٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ pinion
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
 ٠pinion‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،carona
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
- ١٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Z  ‫א‬‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 CZ  ‫א‬C‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 Z  ‫א‬‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬
   ‫א‬
 ECF٢HZ ‫א‬C‫א‬F٢H‫א‬‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬
 E٢HFZ ‫א‬٢H‫א‬F‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬
 ١Z١Z  ‫א‬Z  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٢  ‫א‬
 HZ  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬Z  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢Z  ‫א‬‫א‬٢Z  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  EF
 C٢{٣٣٤Z  ‫א‬‫א‬C٢{٣٣٤Z ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  EF‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬
 C٢  ‫א‬‫א‬C٢
 Z  ‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬
 ٣  ٣
 CZ  ‫א‬C‫א‬Z  ‫א‬‫א‬
 C٦  ‫א‬‫א‬C٦
 Z  ‫א‬‫א‬Z  EF‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 CC٢{١٦٧Z  ‫א‬C‫א‬C٢{١٦٧Z  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 –Z  ‫א‬‫א‬Z  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬١L٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E J٨F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E J٨F
 
 
EF
‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EE٩FF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 
 
 
 
 
‫ א‬‫ א‬WE٨F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
- ١٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﻋﺪد اﻵﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﺟﺘﺎ زواﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬
 ZEF‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬٣ ‫א‬٤٠60‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠{٥Z60‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻵﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬
40 ‫ﺟﺘﺎ زواﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬
  ‫ ﺳﻨﺎ‬80 = =    Z‫א‬‫א‬
0.5
 
 KE١٣٤FE٥٥F‫א‬‫א‬،E٣FE٧F‫א‬‫א‬
،٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫ﻋﺪد أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺘﺮس اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬
  0.5 = 20 =  ‫اﻟﺘﺮس اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‬
 ‫أﺳﻨﺎن‬‫ﻋﺪد‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ J١
40
 
 26
 ٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ْ ٢٦‫×ﺟﺎ‬٢ ‫×ﺟﺎ زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺮﻃﻮي اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬٢  
٠٫٠٤٣٨ = =
٢٠ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬١L٢ J٢
 ٢{٣٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 28
 30Z2 30H26
 Z‫א‬‫א‬١L٢‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
ْ ٢٦‫×ﺟﺎ‬٢ ‫×ﺟﺎ زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬٢٫٣٣٤
2َ 55َ = =
٢٠ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬١L٢‫א‬ J٤
 23
 5Z2 55–26Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١L٢–‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
- ١٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬C‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 ٥٠Z٢٠C٢{٥Z
٤٠ ٤٠
 
٢= =
٢٠  Z‫א‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ J ٧
٤٠ ٤٠
 
٤٤٫٥ = =
٠٫٨٩٨٨ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٤‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠E٢{٥F‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬١L٢‫א‬C٢{١٦٧Z‫א‬ J٩
 ٢{٥C255C٢{١٦٧Z
 ٥{٤Z٢{٥C٠{٩٩٨C٢{١٦٧Z
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬F٢H‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 ٥٤{٤٩ZE٠{٨٩٨٨C٢{٥F٢H٥٠Z
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٩١ -
‫ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬: (١٠) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬،
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
E١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫ א‬ W E١١F ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،E١٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬ - ١٩٢ -
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K٠{٠٢‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١٣F‫א‬
 
 
‫ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺮس‬:(١٣) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺮوﻃﻲ‬  
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 KE١٤F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬  
‫א‬  
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٥F‫א‬،
- ١٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ٠E١٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧F
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٩٤ -
 ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ WE١٨F ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 KE١٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ،،‫א‬‫א‬E١٩F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩F ‫א‬
 
 
 
‫أب‬
 
‫مب‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 
 ٢٢٢
 ٢Z–٣Z–Z
- ١٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
 C٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢٠F‫א‬EF
‫ف‬
 
‫ط‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬CZ
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬CZ
 ZCZ
 ٤٤
 ٤٠CZ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ٣{١٤C
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٢١F‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
E٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬E،F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬
 
‫א‬  
 
- ١٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١٢
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 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K
 K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬K
 
 
- ١٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬،٢٥٤٠‫א‬38‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬EF‫א‬
 
ZFE٤F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ٦٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬ J٨
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J٦
 K‫א‬ J٧
 
- ٢٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
       
 ٦W‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 
:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
:‫إﺟﺮاء ﻗﻄﻊ ﻟﺘﺮس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ إذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ أن‬
٠ ‫ﻣﻢ‬٥٠ ‫ × ﻃﻮل‬١٠٠ ‫ وﻗﻴﺎس ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﺨﺎم ﻗﻄﺮ‬، (١٥) ‫ وﻋﺪد اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬، (٦) ‫اﻟﻤﻮدول‬
- ٢٠١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 E١F‫א‬
 ١٢W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 
 KE،،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬، ،‫א‬ ،
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،EF،٥٠C١٠٠
 K
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬ J١K
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
E١F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٢
 KE٢F‫א‬،
 
 
 
E٢F‫א‬  
- ٢٠٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 
 
E٣F‫א‬
 
 
10F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J٤
 KE٤F‫א‬E32

 
 
 
 
E٤F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 KE٤F
،٤‫א‬ J٦
،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬
 
 
 
E١F‫א‬  
- ٢٠٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
،‫א‬
 KE٦F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
E٦F‫א‬
 
‫א‬ J٨
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E٩F‫א‬
 KE٧F
 
E٧F‫א‬  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
E٨F‫א‬  
 
- ٢٠٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
154‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ١FEF‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٩F‫א‬،
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
E٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬154‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E١FEF‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 E١٠F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E٩F‫א‬
- ٢٠٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 ٣  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ١
 ٪١٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  
  W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F‫א‬،E٦F‫א‬
 K٥٠C١٠٠
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢٠٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
 
 
 KE٧٠F  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
٢٠٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﺗﻌﺸﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬: (١) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
º٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬EF
 
‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  
 
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
٢٠٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬…‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
٢٠٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 EFKE٦F‫א‬
EF‫א‬E٣٠{١٤CF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E J٧F‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE J٧F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣{١٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ZEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬C٤{١٤١١٦
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ C٣{١٤
 ZEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٨F‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  Z‫א‬ J
 ٢H
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ¯‫א‬
    
 
 
 ‫א‬C‫ א‬ WEF‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE١F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬C٢FH‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬C٢{٣٣٤F–‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
٢١١
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 WEF‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٣{١٤C‫א‬‫א‬
 ZEF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ZEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣{١٤C‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C٣{١٤C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣{١٤C‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 WEF‫א‬ J
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬C١٠Z‫א‬ 
 WEF‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬
 Z‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 
 WEF‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬C٢{١٦٧Z‫א‬ 
 WE١F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 WE٢F‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬C١{١٦٧Z‫א‬‫א‬ 
٢١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 EF‫א‬E٩F‫א‬EF‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬
 Z‫א‬
٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
 
 
 WEF‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬C 1 Z  
6
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
 
 WE١F‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬٣ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ‬  Z‫א‬‫א‬
٢١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 WE١١F‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬
 
٢١٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٣F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 WE١٣F‫א‬  
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١٤F‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
E٤٥F‫א‬
E٤٥F‫א‬
E١٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩٠F
 
٢١٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬،
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬
٢١٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠C‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 Z   
‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎدة‬
 
‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬٤٢E‫א‬FW١
 K٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
40 5 ‫א‬‫א‬
      ×        W‫א‬
= 
1 30    ‫א‬‫א‬
  
48 40 2 200
  = × = = 
72 1 3 300
 ‫א‬ 48 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
72
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٠،٨٦،٧٢،٦٤،٥٦،٤٨،٤٤،٤٠،٣٦،٣٢،٢٤،٢٨،٢٠،٢٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬٧٢‫א‬٤٨‫א‬W
،E ٧٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
 KE٥F‫א‬
 
20 40 5 ‫א‬‫א‬
  = × =
72 1 720 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
5
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
8
5 ×1
  = 
6×3
40 24 8 × 5 24 × 1
  × = × =
84 72 8 × 6 24 × 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
٢١٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،E٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٤٨
 K‫א‬E١٨F‫א‬‫א‬٧٢‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٨F‫א‬
 
،E ٢٠٠FE١٥٠٠F‫א‬W٣
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
      240 = 40 * 6 = 
‫أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎدة‬  ‫ ﻋﺪد‬ ‫א‬
1500 1 1500
 
6 4 24
  * = =      
25 6 150
 
24 32 4 * 6 8 * 4
  * = * 
100 48 4 * 25 8 * 6
      
 
 ‫א‬
π *‫ق‬
  = 
‫ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫خ‬
628
  0.418 =
1500
  22 o 40′ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
٢١٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E٣F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢١٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
٢٢٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 
 
٢٢١
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬٣ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٩F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٩F‫א‬،
 
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٠F
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٢٠F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ J
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢١F‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢١F‫א‬  
 
٢٢٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٢F‫א‬
 
 
 πC‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬
 Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬WE٢٢F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬
 
 KE٢٣F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٣F‫א‬  K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٤F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٢٤F‫א‬  
٢٢٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢٥F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬
٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
،E٥٢٠F‫א‬،E١٤٣{٩F١‫א‬E 
 E٥F‫א‬
 ٠{٣٦٣٩٧Z٥٢٠،٠{٩٣٩٦٩Z٥٢٠
 W‫א‬
 ١   
‫ي‬  Z‫א‬ J١
‫ﺟﺘﺎ س‬
 ٢H 
 
  ١٤٣{٩
٣٢ Z 
٠٫٩٣٩٦٩
 ٢H  
 ‫א‬WE٢٥F‫א‬
 ٣{٩٩١Z
 K٤Z
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 
 ٣٢  
  ٣٩Z
٣
(٠٫٩٣٩٦٩ )
Z
‫س‬٣ ‫ﺟﺘﺎ‬
Z١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
 K ٥٤٣٥‫א‬٦‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 1 4 1 8 40
=1 =1 = =
16 4 32 32
 K١٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬ J٤
٢٢٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 Z‫א‬C٢{١٦٧Z 
 K٨{٦٦Z٤C٢{١٦٧Z
 EF‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
 ٣{١٤C
 KE١F……
‫ﻇﺎ س‬  Z 
  
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
 
٣٢C٣{٩٩١  C
 K١٣٥{٩Z
٠٫٩٣٩٦٩
Z
‫ﺟﺘﺎ س‬
Z
  
 WE١F‫א‬ 
 
 ٣{١٤C١٣٥{٩
 K١١٧٢{٥Z
٠٫٣٦٣٩٧ Z 
 
 K١١٧٢‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
 ٤٠C‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 C
‫ﻋﺪد أﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺎدة‬
Z 
 
 ٤C٢٥C٢  ٤٠C٥
٤٩ × ١٢ ×٢
 Z
١١٧٢
Z 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١٧٢‫א‬٤٠C٥‫א‬
  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦٤،٧٢،٨٦،١٠٠،٣٢،٣٦،٤٠،٤٤،٤٨،٥٦،٢٨،٢٤،٢٤،٢٠F 
  
 ٢٥  C  ٤Z
٤٩ ١٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١{٧٦‫א‬‫א‬٦
 K‫א‬
1.76 × 25 6 × 4
  ×   
1.76 × 49 6 × 12
 
44 24
  × = 
76 72
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 
٣٫١٤ × ١٣٥٫٩  πC
 ٠{٣٦٣Z
١١٧٢٫٥ZZ‫א‬‫א‬
 
  20 o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W٥٣٠‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ١٥ J 
 ٣٠ J 
 ٤٥ J 
 ٦٠ J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W
 ١٥ J
 ٤٥ J
 ٤٥ J
 K J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩٠ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H٩٠ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–٩٠ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H٩٠ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٢٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F‫א‬
 
 ٦W‫א‬‫א‬• FW‫א‬‫) א‬
 
 
‫ ﻣﻢ وزاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻞ أﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ )ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﻄﻮة‬١٤٣٫٩ ‫ ﺳﻨ ًﺎ وﻗﻄﺮﻩ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‬٣٢ ‫اﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﺮﺳًﺎ ﺣﻠﺰوﻧﻴًﺎ ﻋﺪد أﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
 K‫ﻣﻢ‬٤٠ ‫ﻣﻢ وﻋﺮض اﻟﺘﺮس‬١١٧٢٫٥ ‫ وﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬، ‫ﻣﻢ‬٤ ‫ ( وﻣﻮدول‬20 o ‫اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬  
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
٢٢٨
‫א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪ E١F‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪‬א‪ ٦W‬‬ ‫) א‪‬א‪FW‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪W ‬א‪‬א‪‬א‪ W‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺪرب أن ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﻗﺎدرًا ﻋﻠﻰ أن ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻳﺠﻬﺰ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺟﻬﺎز رأس اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﺮآﺐ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻳﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮس اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻲ‪ K‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪W ‬א‪‬א‪F‬א‪ WE،،‬‬
‫‪‬ﺁﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﺪاﺗﻬﺎ‪ ،‬اﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻜﺎآﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﺮوس‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أدوات ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺎز‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫رأس ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﺮوس اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ‪،‬وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺻﻮاﻧﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ‪ ،‬أدوات اﻟﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎرة واﻗﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻳﻮل ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﺰة ﻣﺴﺒﻘًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﻃﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪W‬א‪‬א‪،‬א‪‬א‪،‬א‪ W‬‬
‫‪ J١  ‬رآﺐ رأس اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ واﻟﻐﺮاب اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ آﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )‪ (١‬واﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﺮآﺰﻳﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ -٢ ‬رآﺐ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ رأس اﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ واﻟﻐﺮاب اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ -٣ ‬رآﺐ ﺳﻜﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻮدول )‪٤‬ﻣﻢ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ واﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ دوراﻧﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪(١‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪٢٢٩‬‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
 
44 24
   
86 K 72
 W‫א‬
 
 ٤٠C‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  

‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬  Z ‫א‬‫א‬
  
 
 
(٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬   25 * 4 =
4 * 25 * 2 40 * 5
= 
49 12 49 *12 * 2 1172  
 
6 * 4 
  44 * 24 = 1.76 * 25 *
76 72 1.76 * 25 6 *12
 
 
 
 ‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K ١٦
 
‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 
 
4
 
 K 1 ‫א‬
16  
 
 
  1 4 =1
8 40
= 
16 32 32
E٣F‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 E٤F‫א‬
٢٣٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
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(٥) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
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 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
،٤٠‫א‬L٢٠٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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(٦) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 KE٦F‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
 
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 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٤
- ٢٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
- ٢٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
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 ٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
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 ٢٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
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 ٥٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ٥٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ٦٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٦٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
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 ٧١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ٧٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
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 ٩١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
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 ١٠٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١١٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
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 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ١٤٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٤٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ١٦٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٦٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
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 ١٦٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
 ١٦٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
١٧٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
١٨٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٨١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٨٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ١٨٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ١٩٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ١٩٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
 ١٩٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
٢٠٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
٢٠٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢٠٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢٠٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢١٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
 ٢١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ o
 ٢٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬o
 ٢٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬o
٢٢٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ ﺿﺒﻂ رأس اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺰة ﻣﻮازﻳًﺎ ﻟﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬:(٦) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﺿﺒﻂ رأس اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪًا ﻣﻊ ﻃﺎوﻟﺔ ﺁﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﺰ‬:(٨) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎوﻟﺔ‬: (٢٩) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬: (٧٢) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥

 (Length of cut) ‫א‬ J

(٣) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨

  JV–‫א‬ J٢

  JT J‫א‬

‫ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﺠﺮى ﻏﻨﻔﺎري‬:(٣٢) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

 ١   ‫א‬‫ א‬ ٥    ‫א‬‫א‬  ١

‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮﻩ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ × ﻋﺪداﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮﻩ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ × ﻋﺪداﻷﺳﻨﺎن‬

 J١٣٥  J٣٥  J٢١  J١٤  J١٢  ‫א‬

 ٤{٥  ٤  ٣{٥  ٣  ٢{٥  ٢  ١{٥  ١  ‫א‬

 ٨  ٧{٥  ٧  ٦{٥  ٦  ٥{٥  ٥  ‫א‬

 KE K٦FE ٤٢FE ١٦F‫א‬،E٢٤١٢٨٦٤٣٢F

E١٠F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬WE١F

 K‫א‬‫א‬ 754 = 26 * 29   

‫‪ -٨‬اﺿﺒﻂ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﻣﺘﺮ اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ١٧٨ -‬‬

‫ ﺗﺮوس ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬:(٤) ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫ א‬‫ א‬WE٨F ‫א‬

‫ﻋﺪد اﻵﺳﻨﺎن اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬

 ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ WE١٨F ‫א‬

  ‫א‬

‫א‬   J٩

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

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