Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Population is basic to production and distribution of material wealth. In order to plan for, and
implement, economic and social development, administrative activity or scientific research,
it is necessary to have reliable and detailed data on size, distribution and composition of
population. Population census is a primary source of these basic benchmark statistics, covering
not only the settled population but also homeless persons and nomadic groups. Data from
population censuses should allow presentation and analysis in terms of statistics on persons
and households and for a wide variety of geographical units, ranging from the country as a
whole to individual small localities, city wards and villages.
1.2 HISTORY
The earliest references of Census in India can be traced back to the Mauryan period in
Kautilayas Arthashastra (321-296 BC) and later during the Mughal period in the writings of
Abul Fazl (1595-96) in the Ain-e-Akbari. Census, in its present scientific form was conducted
non synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. This effort
culminating in 1872 has been popularly labelled as the first Census of India. However the first
synchronous Census in India was carried out in 1881. An unbroken chain of censuses since then
gives the Indian Census a unique historical legacy unparalleled in the world. Census 2011 is
the fifteenth Census in this continuous series from 1872 and the seventh since Independence.
800-600 BC
321-296 BC
1595-96
1872 (1865-1872)
1881
1951
15th since 1872, 7th since Independence
1.3 METHODOLOGY
The Census of India is conducted once in a decade, following an extended de facto canvasser
method. Under this approach, data is collected from every individual by visiting the household
and canvassing the questionnaire all over the country, over a period of three weeks. The count
is then updated to the reference date and time by conducting a Revisional Round. In the
Revisional Round, changes in the entries that arise on account of births, deaths and migration
between the time of the enumerators visit and the reference date/time are noted down and
the record is updated.
In Census 2011, for Madhya Pradesh the first phase of House listing Operations or Housing
Census was completed between 7th May to 22nd June 2010. The second phase of canvassing
questionnaire for Population Enumeration was conducted from 9th to 28th of February 2011.
Enumeration of the houseless population was done on the night of 28th February. Revisional
Round was then conducted from 1st to 5th March 2011 and the count updated to the Reference
Moment of 00:00 hours of 1st March 2011.
Tahsildars/Mamlatdars
Enumerators/Supervisors
State Co-ordinators
Administrative unit
2001
2011
10
45
259
313
55,393
394
50
342
313
54,903
476
Divisions
Districts
Tahsils
Community Development Blocks
Number of Villages
Number of Towns
Next important step as part of pre-census activities was finalisation of the Rural-Urban frame.
This exercise helped to prepare a complete up to date list of Statutory and Census Towns and
villages as urban and rural areas respectively. The demarcation of Out-Growths of Towns and
Urban Agglomerations was also taken up as a part of this exercise.
Overall 374 Statutory Towns, 112 Census Towns, 37 Urban Agglomerations and 86 Out Growths
were identiied in Census 2011 for the state of Madhya Pradesh.
RGI AND PS(HOME) IN CONFERENCE ON CENSUS 2011 : IMPORTANCE AND UTILITY FOR GOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS
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PRINTING
A feature that makes the Indian Census particularly complex is that the schedules are canvassed
in 16 languages and the Instruction Manuals are developed in 18 languages. Since Madhya
Pradesh is a Hindi speaking state, all the census material viz. Instruction Manuals, Abridged
House list, Household Schedules for National Population Register, Houselisting and Housing
Census Schedules, Household Schedules for Population Enumeration and other census material
were printed in Hindi language.
All the schedules required for the state were printed centrally in high end presses having
facility of variable printing and very high production volumes. Other census materials were
printed in the Central Government Press in Faridabad and in the State Government Press of
Madhya Pradesh.
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STATE LEVEL
Liaisoning with various departments of the State Government was made possible with the
help of a committee under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary, constituted with Principal
Secretaries and Secretaries of different departments of the State Government as members.
Other invited members included the State Representative of UNICEF. Concomitant circulars for
census planning, budget, management, human resources, training and publicity were issued by
the departments of Home Affairs, Finance, General Administration, Health, Education, Urban
development, Forest, Rural Development, PRIs and Social Welfare.
DISTRICT LEVEL
District Census group was constituted under the chairmanship of Collector for proper
management of census operations at the district level. Heads of different departments of
district administration including Chief Executive Officer of Zila Panchayat, District Planning
Officer, District Education Officer, Deputy Directors of different departments, Sub-Division
Officers, Charge Officers and Civil Society Organisations (CSO) were members. Weekly meetings
were held to review the census work.
VILLAGE/WARD LEVEL
Census groups at Village and Ward level were constituted to provide the element of community
participation, local wisdom and popular support to census operations at the grass roots. The
group in a village was headed by the Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat with members including
members of the Village Development Committee, Forest Committee (in forest areas), Project
Committee (wherever there are development projects), Self Help Groups, village level workers
like Patwari (local revenue official), Secretary of Village Panchayat, Asha, Anganwadi Workers
and Village Kotwar (local watchman). In wards of urban bodies the members included the
Ward Counsellors, Secretaries of Housing Societies and Ward Officials.
CSOs working in the state and helped evolve strategies for coverage of deprived sections like
people with disabilities, shelterless and nomadic population, primitive tribes and people living
in forest areas or urban slums in Census 2011. Second workshop on Census 2011: Importance
and Utility was held on 21st January, 2011 for government stakeholders which was presided
over by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India and Principal Secretary (Home)
to State Government and was attended by Principal Secretaries/ Secretaries of different
departments of the State Government and District Census Officers. Third workshop on Role
of Media in Census was held on 4th February, 2011 to sensitize the media on the importance
of census and to discuss the role in educating the people at large about census.
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The Night
Count
Night of February 28 and wee
hours of March 1st, 2011 is
the last leg of the census and
is reserved for the head count
of people living on streets or
the houseless like beggars,
rag
pickers,
construction
teaming
up
the
with
District Census Officers, City Census Officers, Charge Officers and Master trainers were trained
in this way. The trainings were conducted by the faculty of trained National Trainers (NTs) and
MTFs drawn from the Directorate and CARD (CSO).
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Census of
Primitive Tribes
Patalkot region comprises twelve
villages and thirteen hamlets
located in deep depression of a
valley where ridges separate the
villages. Located in Tamia tahsil of
Chhindwara district, the region is
predominantly inhabited by the
Gonds and the primitive Bharia
tribes. The villages in this region
can be visited by foot through a
narrow trail that goes down the
steep hills.
STATE LEVEL
Media and publicity plan was prepared at the Directorate and all the districts of the state, using
separate strategies for rural and urban areas.
Appeals to general public for co-operation in census were issued by His Excellency the Governor
and Honourable Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh and were published on the first day of
operations during both the phases of Census 2011.
In order to create popular awareness about census in public, appeals from national and state
level brand ambassadors were used in creatives and designs of publicity material, while their
endorsements were broadcast on radio and television. Mr. Gulzar (poet and lyricist) rendered
a special couplet for Census 2011 in Madhya Pradesh, and appealed for the enumeration of
people with disabilities.
Theme based posters, banners, stickers and hoardings were prepared with help of a professional
agency, Madhyam (State Publicity Corporation) and support of the state office of UNICEF.
They were extensively used in cities and villages, on airports, railway and bus stations, on
public transport, government and private vehicles and ATM machines (Punjab National Bank)
for creating mass awareness.
Census 2011 also made use of internet social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter and
YouTube to make available census related information for the net-savvy sections of society.
Directorate launched its own website, set up Madhya Pradesh census page on Facebook and
started a channel on YouTube with census related videos.
A special video spot on people with disabilities was prepared in collaboration with Arushi
and UNICEF. Various other audio and video spots were produced and broadcast over All India
Radio, local FM channels and Doordarshan. The spots were adopted nationally and broadcast
in all Hindi speaking states. These were also used on cable television networks and cinema
halls across the state. Talk shows were organised in the studios of All India Radio, FM channels,
Doordarshan and Gyan Darshan (IGNOU radio channel)
Mobile telephone networks were used to send bulk Short Message Service (SMS) with
census slogans to mobile phone users for mass awareness about census enumeration with
complementary support of mobile companies like BSNL, Airtel, Reliance and Tata Indicom.
Census slogans were also printed on electricity bills with the support of electricity distribution
companies, and census stickers were pasted on packets of milk products by the State Milk
Federation.
In the parade and celebrations held on the Republic day in the State Capital as well as in many
districts, census tableaus depicting various themes of Census of 2011 were displayed.
The directorate also organized a car rally for the blind at Bhopal in collaboration with Arushi
and other sponsors of the event like Sight savers. The rally was unique in that while the cars
were driven by volunteers of Bhopal city in their own vehicles, the blind people - who came
from all over the state - were navigators and were given codes in Braille to chart the rally route.
A photo exhibition on disability with Gulzars couplets was displayed at various locations in
Bhopal city, including the Secretariat and the Vidhan Sabha. The events were well covered in
the media and helped in enumeration coverage of people with disabilities in Census 2011.
Code
Census 2011
Code
Grass/thatch/bamboo
Grass/thatch/bamboo
Plastic/polythene
Plastic/polythene
Mud/unburnt brick
Wood
Wood
GI/metal/asbestos sheets
Burnt Brick
Stone
GI/metal/asbestos sheets
Concrete
Burnt Brick
Any Other
Concrete
Any Other
(ii) Type of roof: The Codes for material of roof have been modified by distinguishing handmade tiles from machine made-tiles. The codes used in Census 2011 compared to the Census
2001 are given below:
Census 2001
Code
Census 2011
Code
Grass/thatch/bamboo/wood/
mud etc.
Grass/thatch/bamboo/wood/mud
etc.
Plastic/polythene
Plastic/polythene
Tiles
Slate
GI/metal/asbestos sheets
Burnt brick
Brick
Stone
Stone
Slate
Concrete
GI/metal/asbestos sheets
Any Other
Concrete
Any other
(iii) Main source of drinking water: The heading of the question has been changed from
Drinking water source to Main source of drinking water. Drinking water cannot be
classified as safe or unsafe without proper testing. However an attempt has been made for
improving the categorisation of the sources of drinking water through provision of separate
codes for tap water from treated source and tap water from untreated source. The set
of codes as used in Census 2011 and the corresponding Census 2001 Codes are as follows:
Census 2001
Code
Census 2011
Code
Tap
Handpump
Tubewell
Covered well
Well
Un-covered well
Tank/pond/lake
Hand pump
River/canal
Tube well/borehole
Spring
Spring
Any Other
River/canal
Tank/pond/lake
Other Sources
(iv) Source of Lighting: The heading has been modified as Main Source of Lighting
(v) Bathing facility within premises: Realising that bathroom within the house was a
predominantly urban phenomenon, the heading has been changed as bathing facility within
the premises. Moreover, the categories have been expanded to include Enclosure without
roof. The code list for the Census 2011 along with codes as were in Census 2001 are given
below:
Census 2001
Code
18
Census 2011
Code
Yes
Bathroom
No
No
Code
Census 2011
No Latrine
Code
Service Latrine
Pit Latrine
Septic system
Water Closet
Other system
Pit Latrine
With slab/Ventilated Improved Pit
Service Latrine
Night soil removed by human
Open
(vii) Computer: This is a new question. Computer and internet penetration in the country is still
a matter of conjecture as there are no authentic sources for this data. The Census 2011 would
give rich data on this, which would be a vital input for policy planning. The codes for the new
question in Census 2011 are as follows:
Census 2011
Code
Computer/Laptop possessed
Yes
With Internet
Without Internet
No
(viii) Telephone: The scope of the question on Telephone has been expanded to separately include Mobile Phone also. With the rapid expansion of Mobile Phone coverage, traditional land line telephones have become less attractive. The present Census would give rich data on this aspect. The codes in Census 2011 are as follows:
Census 2001
Code
Telephone
Yes
No
Census 2011
Code
Telephone/
Mobile phone
1
Yes
Landline only
Mobile only
Both
No
QUESTIONS DROPPED
a) Household engaged in cultivation/plantation : The following question was canvassed in
Census 2001: Total net area of land under cultivation/plantation ; Net area of irrigated land
and Tenure status of land under cultivation/plantation. The question was canvassed but could
not be tabulated on account of widespread non-response. There were also other technical
problems like, variation in the units of measurment, comparability with other sources of data
namely, the Agricultural Census, land holding survey of the NSS, etc. Hence it was decided to
drop this questions in Census 2011.
b) A comparision of the questions proposed in Census 2011 with the questions canvassed in
Census 2011 is presented below.
Sl.
No
Census 2001
Census 2011
Remarks
1
2
3
Name of person
Relationship to head
Sex
4
5
Date of Birth
6
7
8
9
10
Age at marriage
Age at marriage
Religion
Religion
No Change
Mother tongue
Mother tongue
No Change
No Change
No Change
11
No Change
12
13
Disability
Disability
14
No Change
No Change
Provision for returning a gender other than
male or female
Date of Birth in addition to age
15
16
17
18
Work category
Occupation
Nature of industry, trade or service
No Change
No Change
No Change
Class of worker
No Change
19
Non-economic activity
20
No Change
21
22
23
24
Birth place
Birth place
25
26
No Change
No Change
No Change
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
22
No Change
No Change
No Change
Dropped
Dropped
Dropped
Net omission rates (per thousand persons) at the All-India level - by sex and
residence - are presented below:
Sex
Total
Rural
Urban
1981
1991
2001
1981
1991
2001
1981
1991
2001
Persons
18.0
17.6
23.3
15.0
16.8
16.8
27.6
19.8
39.8
Males
17.1
17.3
23.5
13.8
16.0
16.2
27.7
21.1
41.5
Females
18.8
17.9
23.1
16.3
17.7
17.5
27.5
18.3
37.9
1.23 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Census is one of the largest administrative exercises in our country and requires extensive
co-ordination and management on a monumental scale. I acknowledge the help, support and
co-operation of each of those people and dignitaries who helped to make it a success.
On the eve of commencement of the house listing operation and population enumeration His
Excellency, the Governor of Madhya Pradesh and the Honourable Chief Minister of Madhya
Pradesh issued appeals for the people of Madhya Pradesh to provide complete and correct
information in census. Honble CM also wrote to the Ministers, MPs, MLAs and Chair-persons
of Zilla Panchayats to elicit their participation in the census. Honble Home Minister of the state
in turn wrote to Mayors and Chair-persons of municipal bodies. I express my sincere gratitude
to them.
I am grateful to Chief Secretary, Mr Avani Vaish and Principal Secretary, Department of Home
Affairs, Mr Ashok Das (and earlier, Mr Rajan Katoch) for their unstinted guidance and support
to the successful completion of Census 2011 in the state.
My thanks to Additional Chief Secretary, Department of Forest; Principal Secretaries of the
Departments of Finance, General Administration, Education, Revenue, Labour and Tribal Welfare;
Chief Post Master General (CPMG) of the state; Secretaries/ Commissioners of Departments
of Rural Development, Urban Development, Social Welfare, Rajya Shiksha Kendra (SSA),
Revenue (and Controller Government Press), Public Relations, National Rural Health Mission,
Excise, Treasuries; Managing Directors of Milk Federation, Tourism Development Corporation,
Madhayam; Chairmen and Managing Directors of Electricity Distribution Companies; Chief
General Manager (BSNL); Regional Director (IGNOU); Regional Manager (Punjab National
Bank); Station Directors of All India Radio and Doordarshan and Deputy director (Press
Information Bureau) for extending support of their departments and organisations for census
operations. Thanks are also due to all the senior officers of State Government who toured the
state, inspected the field operations and provided valuable guidance to the district officials.
I am grateful to Secretary (Home) and Nodal Officer for Census 2011 for enabling co-ordination
with the State Government. Ms. Seema Sharma, Mr. Chandrahas Dube, Mr. V M Upadhyay
and Mr. Vijay Kataria officiated as nodal Officers from time to time. The longest tenure of Mr
Chandrahas Dube, his pragmatic and pro-active approach left a lasting impact on census. All
out support of all the nodal officers was of great help in the successful conduct of Census 2011
in the state.
Special thanks to State Information Officer (National Informatics Centre) and his dedicated
team who arranged the video conferences, hosted the website and designed the Census MIS
in a very short time.
This monumental task was made possible by the leadership and involvement of Divisional
Commissioners, District Collectors and Principle Census Officer, Commissioners of municipal
corporations and Principal Census Officers; and the hard work of Divisional Census officers,
District Census Officers, Additional District Census Officers, City Census Officers, Additional City
Census Officers, Charge Officers and Special Charge Officers. All MTFs, MTs, census enumerators
and supervisors must be appreciated for their pains taking efforts in the field.
I am indebted to Mr. Gulzar (poet & lyricist) and Ms Divyanka Tripathi (Actor) for complementarily
endorsing the mass publicity campaign as State Census Ambassadors. Their popular appeals
went a long way in eliciting support of one and all in the state.
26
Bhopal
Dated: 4th April 2011
SACHIN SINHA
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