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Femtocell
MC L

LI NI U................................................................................................................6
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V FEMTOCELL................................................................7
1.1.M u...................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.Khi nim v Femtocell............................................................................................7
1.3.Nguyn l hot ng ca Femtocel...........................................................................8
1.4. Chun ca Femtocell..............................................................................................10
1.5. ng dng ca Femtocell......................................................................................13
1.5.1. D bo th trng............................................................................................13
1.5.2. Vng mc vi femtocell................................................................................14
1.6. Femtocell vi Wifi, Macrocell, Microcell, Picocell.............................................15
CHNG 2..................................................................................................................... 18
CC VN CA FEMTOCELL................................................................................18
2.1. Hon thin 3G Femtocell.......................................................................................18
2.2. Nhiu v tuyn v phi hp tn s.........................................................................18
2.2.1. Nhiu ng knh ( Cochannel Interference)......................................................18
2.2.2. Nhiu knh k ( Adjacent channel interference).................................................19
2.2.3 Kt lun:.............................................................................................................20
2.3. Qun l Femtocell..................................................................................................20
2.3.1 Cc tin cho vic trin khai thu bao.................................................................20
2.3.2. Cc yu cu qun l Femtocell..........................................................................21
2.3.3. Tng kt v khuyn ngh.......................................................................................21
2.4. Femtocell v bo mt.............................................................................................22
2.4.1. Nhn thc thit b Femtocell.............................................................................23
2.4.2. S y quyn........................................................................................................24
2.4.3. Cp php thut ton..........................................................................................24

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Femtocell
2.4.4. Bo v chng gian ln........................................................................................24
2.4.5. Mng v bo mt Backhaul..............................................................................25
2.4.6. Bo mt nhn thc im truy nhp Femtocell..................................................25
CHNG 3..................................................................................................................... 26
CC GII PHP KT NI FEMTOCELL TI MNG LI DI NG.......................26
3.1. M u...................................................................................................................26
3.2. Kin trc da trn UMTS......................................................................................26
3.2.1. Gii php Iub trn IP.......................................................................................27
3.2.2. IU trn IP.........................................................................................................28
3.3. Kin trc da trn gii php UMA/GAN...............................................................30
3.4. Kin trc da trn IMS..........................................................................................32

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DANH MC T VIT TT
2nd Generation

Th h th hai

3nd Generation

Th h th ba

3rd Generation Partnership Project

D n cng tc th h th ba

3rd Generation Partnership Project 2

D n cng tc th h th ba 2

Fourth Generation

Th h th t

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

ng dy thu bao s bt i
xng

Access Point

im truy cp

Base Station Controll

Trm iu khin gc

Base Transceiver Station

Trm thu pht di ng

Call Admission Cotroll

Kim sot kt ni nhp hc

Digital Subcriber Line

ng dy thu bao s

Femto Access Point

im truy cp Femto

Global System for Mobile

Communicasions

H thng thng tin di ng ton

cu

General Packet Radio Service

Dch v v tuyn gi tng hp

High-Speed Uplink Packet Access

Cng ngh truy nhp gi ng

xung tc cao

Internet Potocol

Giao thc Internet

Internet Protocol Security

Bo mt giao thc internet

Internet Key Exchange

Trao i kha Internet

Long Term Evolution

Cuc tin ha di lu

Modulation and Coding Scheme

H thng m ha v iu ch

Network Address Translation

Dch a ch mng

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Femtocell
Operation and Maintenance Center

Trung tm bo dung v khai

thc

Quality of Service

Cht lng dch v

Radio Access Network

H thng truy cp v tuyn

Radiofrequency

Tn s v tuyn

Subscriber Station
Trusted Platform Module

Trm thu bao

Nn tng Mo-dun tin cy

Voice over Internet Protocol

WiMAX femtocell access point

Ting ni qua internet

im truy cp WiMAX

Wireless Fidelity
Worldwide Interoperability For

femtocell
Dng sng vo cht lng cao
Kh nng tng tc ton cu vi

Microwave Acccess

truy nhp viba

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Femtocell
DANH MC BNG BIU, TH
Hnh 1.1 Femtocell............................................................................................................. 7
Hnh 1.2 Nguyn tc hot ng ca Femtocell..................................................................8
Hnh 1.3 Kin trc Femtocell.............................................................................................9
Hnh 1.4 Chun ca Femtocell.........................................................................................11
Hnh 1.5 Thit b Femtocell..............................................................................................13
Hnh 2.1 Nhiu ng knh................................................................................................19
Hnh 2.2 Nhiu knh k...................................................................................................20
Hnh 3.1 Gii php kt ni Femtocell vi mng li.........................................................26
Hnh 3.2a gii php trn Iub trn IP................................................................................27
Hnh 3.5 B giao thc ca gii php da trn UMA/GAN...............................................31
Hnh 3.6 Kin trc gii php da trn IMS/SIP...............................................................32

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LI NI U

Tnh cp thit ca ti:

Theo thi quen s dng, ngi ta thng k c n trn 90% cc dch v d liu v
tuyn c thc hin mi trng trong nh (ti gia nh hoc ni lm vic). Do , vic
cung cp vng ph sng trong nh tt khng ch cho dch v thoi m c dch v video v
c cc dch v d liu tc cao l cc k quan trng i vi nh cung cp mng v
tuyn. Femtocell l mt gii php k thut c k vng gii quyt vn trn v hy
vng s c trin khai rng ri vo nm 2012. Femtocell c mt s u im chnh nh
sau:
Chia s ti.
Gim chi ph u t c s h tng.
Nng cao cht lng tn hiu
Vi s pht trin ca femtocell, mt lng ln lu lng c truyn ti trong cc mng
macrocell c chuyn ti h thng femtocell. Femtocell c th cung cp cc dch v
vng ti ca macrocell vi chi ph c s h tng cho cc thit b ta nh v backhaul
c gim ng k, ko theo vic gim chi ph hot ng v u t. Trong mt mng
macrocell duy nht, tn hiu di tn s cao b tn hao ln do hin tng m xuyn
tng cc ta nh dn n tc d liu thp v cht lng thoi ti. Femtocell c th
cung cp tn hiu v tuyn cht lng tt cho cc thu bao trong khi tit kim tiu hao
cng sut ca cc thit b di ng mi trng trong nh.
Kt cu ca lun vn:
Chng 1: Tng quan v Femtocell.
Chng 2 : Cc vn ca Femtocell.
Chng 3: Cc gii php kt ni Femtocell ti mng li di ng.
KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

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Femtocell
Em xin chn thnh cm n c gio Th.s o L Thu Tho nhit tnh, tn ty gip
em hon thnh n ny !

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Femtocell
CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V FEMTOCELL
1.1.M u.
Trong mng thng tin di ng t bo, sng raio c ph nh vo cc trm pht sng
BTS. Mi mt BTS s ph mt vng gi l cell (t bo). Nhiu cell c thit k cn k
nhau ph sng trn din rng. Chnh v cu trc ny m mng thng tin di ng cn c
gi l mng t bo hay mng t ong. Trong mng thng tin di ng t bo truyn thng,
chng ta thng nghe nhc n macrocell (t bo v m, c bn knh ph ln tm km),
microcell (t bo vi m, c bn knh ph gii hn vi trm mt). Vi s pht trin ca mng
thng tin i ng t bo, ngi ta cn thit k cc picocell (vng ph tng t nh mt AP
WiFi) tng kh nng ca h thng v tng tc truyn thng.
1.2.Khi nim v Femtocell.
Gn y, khi nim femtocell mi c ra i.Femtocell l mt trm pht sng nh ca
mng thng tin di ng t bo c dng nng cao cht lng dch v v cung cp cc
dch v gi tr gia tng phm vi gia nh hay vn phng, cng s. Femtocell c xem nh
trm pht sng trong nh (home base station) hay im truy nhp mng t bo ging im
truy nhp WiFi. Femtocell l cng kt ni ca mng thng tin di ng t bo t ti nh
khch hng. S khc bit ln ca femtocell so vi cc macrocell hay microcell truyn thng
l femtocell kt ni vi mng ca nh cung cp dch v thng qua mng c nh bng rng
nh DSL hay cp, thay v thng qua mng ring ca nh cung cp dch v di ng

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Hnh 1.1 Femtocell

Femtocell l mt gii php cho hi t c nh di ng, cung cp kt ni tc cao cho
ngi dng trong nh. Nhng tim nng v dch v a phng tin trong tng lai chnh l
n by cho vic trin khai femtocell. y l mt gii php thay th cho gii php hi t c
nh-di ng UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access) hin gp khng t kh khn trong vic thu
ht ngi dng. S khc bit ln nht gia UMA v femtocell l femtocell s dng cng
giao din v tuyn nh mng thng tin di ng thay v dng WiFi. Do vy, ngi dng
femtocell khng nht thit phi trang b in thoi dual-mode (c th kt ni vi WiFi v
GSM/UMTS).
1.3.Nguyn l hot ng ca Femtocel
im truy nhp Femtocell c kt ni bi DSL bng thng rng hoc kt ni IP giao din
vi mng GSM hoc UMTS chuyn mch gi v cc mng chuyn mch knh. Femtocell lm vic
vi cc thit b chun ph hp vi cc chun giao din tn ti trong mng 2G v 3G. iu ny
m bo dch v lin tc v c tnh tng thch cao vi cc mng tn ti v trnh c nhng
yu cu v tnh thch ng vi cc thit b cm tay.
-

V nguyn tc:

Femtocell kt ni ng d liu n cc nh cung cp dch v ca mng di ng thng qua

cc ng truyn bng thng rng nh cp ng (DSL) hoc cp quang v thng h tr t
hai n nm in thoi di ng trong khu vc .
-

V iu khin:

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Femtocell
Femtocell kt ni ng iu khin (bo hiu) n cc trm BSC, tng i MSC ca mng
di ng v hot ng theo s iu khin ca cc trm ny. Mc ch ca Femtocell l ph
sng trong khu vc ca n v c th xem y l mt cng kt ni n mng di ng v l s
kt hp gia mng c nh v mng di ng .

Hnh 1.2 Nguyn tc hot ng ca Femtocell.

-

Kin trc Femtocell:

Mt trong nhng ch s nh gi mc thnh cng trin khai cng ngh Femtocell l

tnh
tng hp gia im truy nhp Femto v mng. Nhng yu cu tng hp i hi s pht
trin ca cc kin trc thng thng v cc chun cng ngh ph hp m bo ghp ni
tng thch cho cc im truy nhp v mng. t c mc tiu ny, din n Femto
pht trin mt kin trc c biu din Hnh 3, vi cc thuc tnh tiu chun c nh
ngha cho c im truy nhp femto (FAP-Femto Access Point) v cng kt ni Femto (FGWFemto Gateway).
Cc im truy nhp Femto (FAP) gm nhng chc nng in hnh
sau:
- Qun l bo hiu 3GPP, mt phng ngi s dng, qun l ti nguyn tn s v
tuyn
- Chc nng vn chuyn IP, qun l QoS, bo mt lp 3, qun l TR-069 T cu hnh, chc nng tng la, NAT, bo mt.

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Femtocell

Hnh 1.3 Kin trc Femtocell

Cc cng kt ni Femto (FGW) gm cc chc nng in hnh sau:
- 3GPP RANAP, ng b v cung cp nh thi cho mng
- Nhn thc v cp php Femtocell, Che du cu trc lin kt AP, mng
- Chc nng bo mt IP
- Tp hp v nh tuyn lu lng Femtocell, T ng cu hnh
Cng vi nhng nh ngha ny, din n Femto v 3GPP vn cn phi tin hnh nhiu
cng vic trong thi gian ti c th nh ngha cc kin trc bao gm mt kin trc c s "luh"
vi "lucs" v"lups" hng ti CN. Chi tit v nhng yu cu cho Femtocell c xem xt
trong bn thuyt mnh ca 3GPP: TS22.001 v hin nay cng nm trong bn mi: TS 22.220.
Cc nh cung cp yu cu cc giao thc v giao tip tiu chun phi c s dng gia
im truy nhp Femto v cng kt ni Femto, gia cng kt ni Femto v mng di ng.
Trong pht trin di hn, phi m bo tnh tng hp hon ton gia FAP v FGW t tt c
cc nh cung

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Femtocell
cp. t c cn phi tip tc cc hot ng tiu chun ha:
- Giao din gia cng kt ni Femto v im truy nhp Femto (bit ti vi tn "luh" trong
3GPP
Rel 8)
- Cc giao thc bo mt (Rel 9 trong 3GPP)
- UICC hoc TPM (trusted platform module) cho thit b nhn thc (FAP) (Rel 9 trong
3GPP)
- Qun l cc tnh nng da trn c s TR-069, v qun l cc tiu chun
- Trin khai giao din kim tra m trong cng kt ni Femto m bo tnh tng hp trn Fa
(luh).
C th thy kin trc ny gm hai thnh phn chnh l HNB (a.k.a. Femtocell) v HNB
gateway (a.k.a. Femto Gateway). Gia cc thnh phn ny l mt giao din mi Iu-h.
Home NodeB (HNB): c kt ni vi mt dch v bng rng gia nh hin c, mt HNB
cung cp vng bao ph v tuyn trong mt cn h theo chun ca thit b cm tay 3G. S
kt hp cht ch ca cc HNB th kh nng ca mt node B chun cng ging nh mt b
iu khin mng v tuyn RNC chun.
HNB Gateway (HNB-GW): c ci t trong mng ca nh khai thc, HNB Gateway
tp
hp lu lng t mt s lng ln cc HNB ri a ln mng li thng qua chun Iu-cs v
giao din Iu-ps.
Giao din Iu-h: Nm gia HNB v HNB-GW, bao gm mt giao thc ng dng HNB
(HNBAP) cho php thun li trong trin khai cc HNB c bit. Giao in ny a ra mt
phng php cho vic truyn tn hiu iu khin Iu trn Internet.
1.4. Chun ca Femtocell.
T hp ba din n v cng ngh bng rng l 3GPP, Femto v Broadband cng b
tiu chun femtocell u tin trn th gii c 3GPP chnh thc xut bn, m ng cho vic
chun ho femtocell to ra mt s lng ln, cho php tng thch gia cc cng truy nhp

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Femtocell
ca cc nh cung cp thit b khc nhau v cc cng kt ni femto (femto gateway). Tiu
chun femtocell l mt phn ca tiu chun 3GPP phin bn 8, hon ton c lp vi phn
m rng TR-069 (Technical Report-069) ca din n Broadband.

Hnh 1.4 Chun ca Femtocell

Ph hp vi giao din v tuyn 3G cho in thoi di ng .
- Ph hp vi h thng qun l t xa TR-069.
- Ph hp vi giao din Iu.
- Mt im giao din mi gia femtocell v gateway femtocell c gi l Iuh.
Chun femtocell bao gm bn phn chnh: cu trc mng, cc giao din v can nhiu v
tuyn, qun l, d liu v an ninh cho femtocell.
V mt cu trc mng, giao din ch yu gia hng triu femtocell tim nng v cc
gateway trong li mng c gi l Iuh. Vic s dng li cc giao thc 3GPP UMTS sn c
v m rng chng nhm mc ch h tr cc nhu cu trin khai femtocell s lng ln.
Chun mi chp nhn giao thc qun l TR-069 ca din n Broadband, c m rng
hp thnh mt m hnh d liu mi cho femtocell v c cng tc pht trin bi cc
thnh vin ca hai din n Femto v Broadband. Kt qu l din n Broadband xut
bn thnh TR-196 (Technical Report 196). TR-069 thc s c s dng rng ri trong

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cc mng c nh bng rng v cc thit b chuyn i (set-top box) v s cho php cc nh
khai thc di ng trin khai h thng mt cch n gin v c th d liu, chn on v cp nht
phn mm t ng t xa. Chun mi cng s dng kt hp cc gii php an ninh bao gm
cc giao thc IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange v2) v Ipsec (IP Security) xc nhn nh khai
thc v thu bao nhm t c mt s bo m bo mt trong qu trnh trao i d liu.
Da vo thnh cng cng ngh femtocell hp nht theo chun 3GPP phin bn 9,
hng n LTE femtocell cng nh h tr chc nng tin tin hn cho femtocell 3G. Tiu
chun femtocell cng ang c pht trin cho cc cng ngh giao din v tuyn b sung ph
hp vi cc nhm cng ngh khc.
Trong Rel-8, 3GPP c nh ngha l cch thc c bn cho s pht trin ca HNB
(Home NodeB) v HeNB (Home eNodeB). Nhng yu cu c ngh trong TS
22.011.
Trong Rel-9 cng cp n nhng yu cu t Rel-8 v nhng yu cu cho HNB v
HeNB trong TS22.220.
TR23.832 cp lin trc IMS cho HNB (HNB v HNB Gateway) nh 1 dung lng
ty ca HB, v d nh mt ngi khai thc mng offload CS n IMS.
T Rel-8, mt c trng quan trng c gi l CSG( Closed Subscriber Group)
c gii thiu. HNB cung cp cho nhng ngi dng truy cp b gii hn, ph thuc vo
CSG. 1 hoc nhiu t bo thnh t bo CSG, c nhn dng bi s nhn dng s c nht,
gi l CSG Identify. N c m t trong TS25.367.
TS22.220 : Service requirements for HNB and HeNB
TR23.830 : Architecture aspects of HNB and HeNB
TR23.832 : IMS aspects of architecture for HNB
TS25.467 : UTRAN architecture for 3G HNB
TS25.367 : Mobility procedures for Home Node B (HNB)
TS25.469 : UTRAN Iuh interface HNB Application Part (HNBAP) signalling

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Femtocell
TR25.820 : 3G Home Node B (HNB) study item
TR25.967 : FDD Home Node B (HNB) RF Requirements
TS32.581 : HNB OAM&P, Concepts and requirements for Type 1 interface HNB to
HNB Management System
TS32.582 : HNB OAM&P, Information model for Type 1 interface HNB to HNB
Management System
TS32.583 : HNB OAM&P, Procedure flows for Type 1 interface HNB to HNB
Management
System
TR32.821 : Study of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) related OAM Interfaces
for
Home HNB
TR33.820 : Security of HNB/HeNB
TS25468 : UTRAN Iuh Interface RANAP User Adaptation (RUA) signaling

Hnh 1.5 Thit b Femtocell

1.5. ng dng ca Femtocell.
Li ch m cng ngh ha hn mang n cho ngi dng :

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Femtocell
Gim chi ph gi in thoi di ng ti nh.
C mt kt ni tt, cht lng dch v tt hn, tc cao hn
Tit kim nng lng tiu tn
Cui thng ch cn chi tr mt ha n duy nht cho c in thoi c nh v di ng
Nhiu ngi cng dng chung mt femtocell
1.5.1. D bo th trng
Theo nghin cu gn y ca ABI Research th n ht nm 2011 s c hn 70 triu
femtocell c bn ra th trng v cung cp dch v cho 150 triu ngi. Con s ny tng
ng vi mt phn ba doanh thu ca th trng Wi-Fi, tc tm 2 t la. Cn theo mt d
bo ca cng ty t vn OVUM th ring Ty u, tnh n 2011 s c khong 11 triu
femtocells c ci t.
Theo mt thng k c cng b rng ri, c hn 30% cuc gi di ng c thc hin
khi ngi dng ang nh. Tip theo, mt bo co gn y ca McKinsey ch ra rng hn
35% ngi dng dch v TV di ng (mobile TV) khi h ang ti nh. Nh vy, r rng
cc nh cung cp dch v c l khi h quyt nh u t vo femtocell thc s cung cp
dch v a phng tin tc cao. Th trng femtocell ang dn nng ln v hu nh nhiu
cng ty sn xut thit b, nhiu nh cung cp mng cng khng mun b l phn bnh ca
mnh. Danh sch ny ngy cng di ra.

Nh sn xut thit b Netgear v Nokia

thng bo s phi hp cho ra i nhng b nh tuyn tt c trong mt tch hp

femtocell v c Wi-Fi. Orange v Vodafone cng khng nh h gi RFP (request for
proposal) t gia nm 2007 bit rng h vn ang thng mi loi hnh in thoi Unik. G
khng l Google cng u t 25 triu la cho cng ty sn xut thit b Ubiquisys sn
xut cc trm pht sng ti gia femtocell.
V pha Motorola mi chun b gn nh hon tt. Nhng th nghim femtocell vi
mng 3G vi nhiu nh cung cp mng Chu u cho nhng kt qu nh mong i.

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Femtocell
Motorola cng tin hnh th nghim vi Softbank Nht. Huawei cng th nghim
femtocell vi Telefonica O2 Ty Ban Nha v Anh quc. Alcatel-Lucent k hp ng
vi Sagem cng nhau sn xut v thng mi ha cc ang-ten femtocell. Ericsson th cho
bit h nhn c nhng n t hng v femtocell nhng l femtocell cho 2G.
Bouygues Telecom (nh cung cp mng ca Php) chn gii php ca Nokia Siemens
Networks ci tin vng ph sng GSM cho thu bao ca Bouygues bn trong cc to nh,
trong cc cng ty, di tng hm v xung quanh cc trm pht sng Wi-Fi.
M, Sprint Nextel l ngi u tin thng mi ha femtocell. H trin khai
femtocell cho ngi dng Denver v Indianapolis. Chc chn Sprint Nextel s tip tc m
rng vic trin khai femtocell trong nm nay. Thit b femtocell ca h c cung cp bi
Samsung, c bn vi gi 50 la cho khch hng. i vi ngi dng n l, h ch phi
tr thm 15 la hng thng dng in thoi khng gii hn. Nu ngi dng femtocell
cho quy m gia nh (2-5 ngi) th h phi tr 30 la/thng.
Theo mt nghin cu ca IMS Research, sau nhiu ln th nghim, femtocell s c bt
u trin khai Chu u trong nm nay 2008. Nhm chuyn gia IMS Research cng c
cc rng hoc Orange hoc Tele2 s l ngi u tin m cch cng ca th trng mi ny
Chu u.
Tuy nhin, Idate li c mt kin khc. Idate cho rng vic trin khai femtocell cho mng
3G UMTS trong nm 2008 s rt hn ch v cc chun cho gii php ny cha sn sng cng
nh vic tch hp femtocell vo mng c nh s gp khng t kh khn. Do vy, theo h th
th trng femtocell s ch c th khi sc 2009 hoc 2010. Cng theo Idate, nhng nh
cung cp mng u tin trin khai femtocell Chu u s l Telefonica O2, T-Mobile v
Vodafone.

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1.5.2. Vng mc vi femtocell
Theo mt bo co ca Analysys, d cho v b ngoi li cun ca Femtocell, cng ngh
ny vn n cha nhiu vn nghim trng cng nh nhiu him ha. Femtocell, theo nhiu
chuyn gia, vn cha t c chn cng ngh, nht l cc vn v phn cp tn s,
nhiu gy ra gia femtocell v macrocell hay cc femtocell ln cn. V Femtocell s c
lp t gn ging nh Wi-Fi nn nh cung cp hu nh khng th iu chnh v tr ca
femtocell hn ch nhiu. Ngoi ra, vn cht lng dch v khi tch hp vi mng c
nh s khng tht d dng khi cc nh cung cp dch v di ng li nhm nhe ly i mt
phn th trng mng Wi-Fi ca h. Hin ti vn cha c mt chun thng nht hay mt
kin trc mng thng nht cho femtocell, iu ny cng s gy khng t kh khn cho vic
trin khai chng rng khp.
1.6. Femtocell vi Wifi, Macrocell, Microcell, Picocell.
Khng phi macrocell, khng phi microcell, cng khng phi picocell m l mt th
trng khc ang ha hn mang li nhiu li ch hp dn mang tn femtocell (FCM).
Femtocell l mt cell c vng ph ngang vi picocell (tng ng mt AP ca Wifi) nhng
n c km thm cc tnh nng ca mt BSC, MSC. Femtocell cn c coi nh l mt
"Home BS" ca 3G.
FMC kt hp cc thit b cm tay 3G, cc thit b u cui Wifi vi mt im truy nhp
trong nh, im truy cp ny c ni vo mng xDSL ri t xDSL kt ni ti mng li ca
nh cung cp dch v. Femtocell to ra mt vng ph trong nh v ang tr thnh i th
cnh tranh trc tip vi Wifi. im khc nhau ln nht gia femtocell v Wifi l femtocell
dng giao din v tuyn 2G/3G/HSPA v bng tn c cp php ca nh khai thc. Do
vy, thit b kt ni c vi femtocells s l cc my cm tay chun ch khng phi cc
my cm tay dual-mode (in thoi s dng nhiu hn mt cng ngh cho vic gi cng nh
nhn thoi v d liu).

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Femtocells ha hn mang li nhiu li ch cho ngi dng: gim chi ph gi in thoi di
ng ti nh, c kt vi cht lng dch v tt hn v tc cao hn, tit kim nng lng
tiu tn, cui thng ch cn chi tr mt ha n duy nht cho c in thoi c nh v di
ng, nhiu ngi c th cng dng chung mt femtocell (femtocell hin ti c th h tr
ng thi 5-6 kt ni di ng).
Cc nh khai thc mng cng c hng rt nhiu li ch t femtocells: C th cnh
tranh cng nh gim mi e da t cc dch v VoIP ca nh cung cp dch v Internet.tng
cht lng ph sng trong cc cng trnh cng nh tng dung lng v cc dch v gi tr
gia tng cho ngi dng, tng doanh thu bnh qun ca mt thu bao/thng, khuyn khch
ngi dng s dng 3G hay WiMax, t tng s thu bao 3G, WiMax.
Vi nhiu u im vt tri, femtocells ang c th nghim trn ton th gii nhng
n cng vp phi nhiu kh khn v th thch.Vodafone v BSNL (n ) hi vng
femtocells s lm gim mc gi m ngi tiu dng phi chu. Vivo - nh khai thc vin
thng dn u lnh vc ng truyn mt t Brazil, BSNL v c JSC Ukrtelecom ca
Ukraine cng biu hin s quan tm ca h ti femtocells. H mong i femtocells s cung
cp mt con ng mi pht trin mng v tuyn mc cao hn.
Cho n femtocells nng nhit nht c l l nhng hng vin thng mi bt u trin
khai 3G, cha c bc tin ln trong kinh doanh 3G. V th, h khng chu bt c rng buc
no trong vic quyt nh cng ngh cng nh thit k mng. Thm vo , h mong c s
kt hp ca 3G v mng bng rng cung cp c nhiu tin ch hn l ch ring mnh
3G, nhm to ra nhng bc nhy vt theo kp c s h tng ca cc nc pht trin.
Nhng hng vin thng ny cho rng s vng mt ca xDSL phm vi rng cn tr h
trong vic thm nhp dch v ti tn nh khch hng, tnh mm do ca mng truy nhp
v tuyn v sc nng ca femtocells c th ph v gii hn . Cc hng ny t nim tin
trn vn vo femtocells v mc tiu ch yu ca h l xy dng femtocells nhanh chng
cc thnh ph ln hoc khu vc dn c c thu nhp cao thu c li nhun trong thi
gian ngn nht. Ukrtelecom cng ch thng bo v dch v UMTS vi thng trc, v th h

 n 3
Femtocell
tm kim ti femtocell lm tng nhanh s gii thiu cc thit b mi vi mc ch t s
ngi s dng ln trong khi ci thin c cht lng dch v.
Bt chp tro lu hng ti trm gc mt t t trong nh (femtocells) ang din ra
mng m, nhiu hng Vin thng vn hoi nghi v tnh hiu qu ca femtocells. Thm ch
Erisson ngi khng l ln nht th gii trong lng Vin thng cn c gng ngn chn tt
c cc tro lu hng ti femtocells. Ericsson mun tip tc pht trin v cng c 3G v hi
vng 3G vn mang li thu nhp cao m khng cn ti s gip ca femtocell. Orange v
Telecom Italia hai nh khai thc vn ng h UMA/dual-mode cng ang lo lng trc tro
lu femtocells. Mc d khng mn m lm nhng Telecom Italia thng bo h s sm
gii thiu femtocells trong mt tng lai khng xa (UMA l gii php cho php truyn tn
hiu qua Internet v kt ni vi mng li di ng, nn vic chuyn sang dng UMA kt
ni vi mng li di ng v femtocells l mt vn khng qu kh vi Telecom Italia).
Nn kinh t vn pht trin khng ngng v khch hng mun ngy cng c cung cp
nhiu dch v hn, c bit l chu u chu lc giu nht th gii. iu ny khin cc
nh khai thc phi tip tc u t cho h thng mng ca mnh v femtocells ang l la
chn ca nhiu nh khai thc.
Femtocells c coi l i th chnh ca Wifi v dual mode (d tnh n nm 2011,
doanh thu ca femtocells s bng 1/3 ca Wifi). Nhng cng bng m ni, Femtocells ch c
th dnh chin thng vi iu kin gi thnh phi chng. ng Arung Sarin, CEO ca
Vodafone khng nh: Gi thnh ca femtocell phi b hn 100$ th n mi c c hi cnh
tranh vi Wifi. Nhiu hng vin thng khc thm ch cn cho rng mc gi cn phi thp
hn th nhiu. BT cng by t quan im trong bui hi tho v femtocells din ra ti
London - ni ni v nh gi ca thit b trm gc t trong nh - Chng ta ang nh gi
cho mt cng ngh nhng n vn cn rt t. Gi mt Hub Home ca BT thp hn 50% so
vi gi chng ta a ra cho femtocell v vi mc gi ny, chng ta kh c th cnh tranh vi
hub. BT l mt trong nhng hng u tin s dng phng php hi t dual-mode trn c
s UMA. S ng h ca h dnh cho femtocells mt ln na cng c ngh rng xu th

 n 3
Femtocell
ang chng li dual-mode v ng h femtocell.
Khng ch vp phi s hoi nghi ca nhiu nh khai thc, femtocell ang phi hng chu
mt go nc lnh trc thi lnh nht ca Texa Instrument mt trong nhng hng
sn xut vi mch in t ln nht th gii. Hng ny cho rng, thay v v bo tr cho
femtocells h s u t vo nhng cng ngh khc mang tnh thuyt phc hn vi nhiu li
ch hn. iu ny l ht sc nghim trng bi nu Texa Instrument ni ring v cc nh sn
xut vi mch in t ni chung ng ngoi cuc v gi th trng chip bn ngoi femtocells
th cng ngh ny rt kh sng st.

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Femtocell
CHNG 2
CC VN CA FEMTOCELL
2.1. Hon thin 3G Femtocell.
The Radio Access Network (RAN) : trong UMTS, RAN tng ng BSS trong
mng GSM. N lin kt UEs vo mng li. Radio NetworkController (RNC) tng
ng BSC trong mng GSM c chc nng iu khin mt vi node B v thc hin qun
l ti nguyn v tuyn (RRM) v c kh nng giao tip trc tip vi RNCs khc thng
qua giao din Iur. Giao tip RNC vi cc mng li bng mt giao din gi l Iu.
RNC thc hin Call Admission Control (CAC) v chp nhn hoc t chi cuc gi
ph thuc v nodeB yu cu cuc gi. Femtocell ph sng v tuyn 3G trong nh, cc
khu vc cng cng v cc ta nh vn phng.
Mi Femtocell h tr 16 ngi dng ti cng mt thi im trong phm vi 600m.
Tc ti xung ln ti 22 Mbps v tc ti ln ti 6 Mbps .
2.2. Nhiu v tuyn v phi hp tn s.
Nhiu l mt vn quan trng trong thng tin di ng, nh hng n cht lng tn
hiu, khi x l tn hiu v truyn tn hiu th tn hiu s b mo dng hoc c tp m xen
vo trong thit b ti to tn hiu.
Femtocell c lp t ti nh ca khch hng, cc ta nh vn phng bng cch s
dng lp t bo Marco cellular layery l mt mi trng khng c s qun l cht ch nn
nhiu rt d xut hin.
2.2.1. Nhiu ng knh ( Cochannel Interference)
Nhiu ng knh l hin tng nhiu do cc ngun pht pht ra tn hiu cng mt
tn s hoc cng mt knh pht sng. My thu s thu c c hai tn hiu vi cng
khc nhau ty vo v tr v cng sut ca trm pht.

 n 3
Femtocell

Hnh 2.6 Nhiu ng knh

Trong h thng femtocell, nhiu ng knh xy ra do s dng li tn s nhm tng
dung lng cho h thng. Khi 1 im truy cp Femtocel qu gn trm macrocell (nh hn
50m),lm cho im truy nhp b gii hn v hiu qu ph sng, bi v mc tn hiu cao
nhn c t m ng knh. Khi 1 im truy cp qu xa macrocell, lm cho cc thit b di
ng dng trong macrocell khng bt c tn hiu t macro.
c trng cho nhiu ng knh l t s C/I( t s sng mang trn nhiu) th hin mi
quan h
gia cng tn hiu mong mun so vi nhiu ng knh t cc femtocell
khc
C/I = 10log (Pc/Pi).
Yu cu l C/I <=12dB.
Trong :
Pc l cng sut tn hiu
thu mong mun.
Pi l cng sut nhiu thu
c.

 n 3
Femtocell
2.2.2. Nhiu knh k ( Adjacent channel interference).
Nhiu knh k xy ra do tn hiu t cc macrocell ln cn i vi thit b di ng
trong vng macrocell ang xt, hoc do nhiu ca cc nh cung cp dch v . Gii php,
nng cao cht lng b lc (physically limited), tng guardband (ph ti nguyn), iu
khin cng sut (power control), dng adaptive filtering.

Hnh 2.7 Nhiu knh k

2.2.3 Kt lun:
Nhiu ng knh:
Thit k mng cellular ph
hp.
Thit k sao cho cc cell trong mng c s dng cng
nhm tn s khng nh hng ti nhau =>khong cch
cc cell cng tn s phi ln.
Nhiu knh k:
Cn c 1 b lc tt c th loi b tn s khng mong
mun.
2.3. Qun l Femtocell.
Qun l giao din v tuyn ca cc Femtocell gn ging vi qun l macrocell thng
thng, tuy nhin vi mt s lng ln Femtocell nn cc vn gp phi cng tng ln.
2.3.1 Cc tin cho vic trin khai thu bao
im truy nhp Femto s c trin khai ti nh khch hng v mt s mi trng
khng kim

 n 3
Femtocell
sot. Bi th cc khch hng c th thc hin mt s hot ng c th nh hng ti hiu
nng hot ng ca lp Femtocell m khng thng bo cho nh khai thc. Nhng hnh
ng nh vy
bao gm:
Tho b v thit lp li ngun, ngt kt
ni DSL.
Di chuyn v tr vt l im truy nhp Femto, thit t li im truy
nhp Femto. - S dng cng ng kt ni DSL vi cc ng dng
d liu khc.
Mt s hnh ng khc gm c tc ng va p vi im truy
nhp Femto.
2.3.2. Cc yu cu qun l Femtocell
Cc nh cung cp s yu cu cc iu khon v kh nng qun l cc Femtocell,
khng mu
thun vi cc h thng qun l c s dng cho cc macrocell thng thng. Danh sch
nhng
yu cu c lit k di y c th hu dng trong vic lp hp
ng:
Qun l bn kim k (c bit l phn phi l ti khch hng).
D liu thit b Femtocell cho cc im truy nhp Femto c nhn
hoc tp th.
C kh nng nhn bit cc im truy nhp Femto c nhn v kt ni vi
khch hng.
Kch hot/gii phng thit b Femtocell, c kh nng thit lp hoc ngt truyn dn v
tuyn Femtocell, khng ch c bt k iu khin no do khch hng to ra.
Qun l cu hnh. Kh nng cu hnh cc thng s v tuyn quan trng nh l

 n 3
Femtocell
nng lng truyn, tn s. Ch rng cng c th cu hnh t ng nhng thng s ny,
tuy nhin cc nh cung cp s c cc ty chnh c th khng ch cc tnh hung.
Qun l hng hc
-

Cnh bo v thng bo dng nhn bit cc hng hc do ngi s dng tt

FAP hoc cc

kt ni bng rng.
-

Nhn bit v tr v c kh nng cu hnh li hoc ngt im truy nhp Femto

nu nh v tr

b thay i.
Qun l thay i, bao gm kh nng iu khin nng cp phn
mm
Kim sot dch v, qun l hiu nng hot ng v dung
lng
Qun l danh sch cp iu khin truy nhp. Thm na, cc nh cung cp phi c
kh nng cu hnh, thay i, v khng ch c nhng thay i ca khch hng.
2.3.3. Tng kt v khuyn ngh
Mt h thng qun l y s l mt ch s quan trng nh gi s thnh cng ca vic
trin
khai Femtocell. N rt quan trng trong vic m bo cht lng dch v tt cho khch
hng v trnh c nhng chi ph khng cn thit trong vic qun l v h tr gii php
Femtocell. Cc nh khai thc cn c kh nng kim sot, iu khin v nng cp im
truy nhp Femto trong nh khch hng. Cc nh cung cp xut gii php TR-069 trn
din n bng rng gii quyt vic iu khin nhng yu cu qun l. TR-069 l tp
cc giao thc gii quyt nhng yu cu ca cc modem DSL v vic cu hnh ca
chng. Tuy nhin, TR-069 khng chi tit ha cc thng s v v tuyn v cu hnh
ngi s dng, chng c th yu cu s m rng ca cc tiu chun hin ti hoc cc
phng php khc cho vic cu hnh. Hin ti BBF v FF ang lm vic trn mt m hnh

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Femtocell
chung v s c cp n trong chun 3GPP SA5.
xut c a ra l cn c s hp tc trong cng ngh thng qua cc din n
Femto, din n Bng rng (thng c bit ti l din n DSL), 3GPP v Lin minh Di
ng M (Open Mobile Alliance) nh hng v to iu kin cho s xy dng cc
qun l tiu chun cho h thng qun l Femtocell.
2.4. Femtocell v bo mt.
Kim sot v tr im truy nhp
V cc Femtocell hot ng trong ph v tuyn cho php, nn cc nh khai thc cn phi
kim
sot v tr Femto hot ng xc nh im truy nhp hot ng trong nc hoc di tn
nm
ngoi di cho php. H thng qun l Femtocell phi c kh nng ngt hoc ngn s khi
to ca
im truy nhp nu v tr khng th c xy dng. iu ny yu cu mt kt ni ti h
thng
qun l trong qu trnh thit b khi to v sau l v tr chnh xc c xc nhn trong
qu
trnh thit b hot ng.
K thut

chnh xc

AGPS

chnh xc < 100m

Mng Macro sniffing

chnh xc < 300m( th)

Cng DSL/ a ch IP

Ph thuc vo RIR , xc nh khu vc,

nc

a ch ci t cung cp cho thu bao

nh x a ch chnh xc

Khi a Femtocell vo nh cc thu bao s m ra mng di ng vi nhng ri ro mi v

 n 3
Femtocell
cn phi c bo m. Cc khch hng s c truy nhp trc tip ti mt hng mc ca
thit b m c kt ni trc tip ti mng di ng. H s c kh nng truy nhp vt l vo
phn cng ca cc thnh phn ca thit b v thch ng hoc thay i thit b cho php
s dng gian ln gn ging vi khi thc hin vi thit b thu v tinh v cp.
Khuyn ngh cc nh khai thc s dng tnh nng O&M phng truy nhp bt hp
php vo im truy nhp Femto, bao gm gi mo thng bo, s c mm t ng v
thng bo nu cc thnh phn hoc cc thng s quan trng nh l nng lng truyn b
tc ng thay i. Cc im truy nhp phi c cng c c v mt vt l v logic, th d
cng c h iu hnh (OS), khng c cng m, o c trnh cc d liu nhy cm n
h thng ng truyn dn v b nh ca thit b, ngn cn, bo v, da trn nn tnh ton tin
cy... Vic khi ng cc phn mm cho cc im truy nhp phi c bo v bi mt ha
nh l s dng mt TPM (Trusted platform module) v cp nht d liu cho ton b cc
phn mm, thay i cu hnh cng phi c m bo bi mt ha. im truy nhp
Femto phi c cung cp mt b hin th cho c mc ch bo v v cnh bo.
2.4.1. Nhn thc thit b Femtocell
S dng UICC c xut trong 3GPP SA3 TR nh l mt ty chn iu khin h
tr nhn
thc thit b, tuy nhin cch tip cn ny c th khng phi l mt ty chn c s
dng. S trin khai ca mt c cu ph hp ghp cp UICC v FAP s to iu kin cho
vic nhn thc ca mt FAP vi mt th bi an ton nh l th UICC. Ghp cp an ton
yu cu mt knh an ton c xy dng gia im truy nhp Femto v UICC. Mt v
d trin khai c th hin trong ETSI TS 102 484.
Mt c cu ghp cp thit thc, khng nhy cho kiu tha hip bo mt m c
chng minh qua c cu kha SIM trong cc thit b di ng cm tay, c th c s dng
gn kt UICC vi FAP. Nh vy c cu s gim nh , nu khng chng li, ri ro ca
vic dng th bi nhn thc trong cc thit b cm. iu ny s ngn cc thit b cm
c trang b vo cc b c UICC t truy nhp nhn c ti nh iu mng IP.

 n 3
Femtocell

Thng tin chi tit c cung cp trong TR 33.820, TPM l bt buc v UICC cho
my ch nhn thc l c kh nng iu chnh c s dng v trin khai trong FAP.
2.4.2. S y quyn
Nhng ngi s dng yu cu mt im truy nhp Femto s mua t h thng phn
phi bn l
bao gm in thoi v my tnh. im truy nhp s cn phi cu hnh mng vi cc
thng s ngi s dng v trong tt c cc trng hp bt k im truy nhp no u phi
c hp php ha bi nh khai thc mng trc khi c th s dng dch v.
2.4.3. Cp php thut ton
C th coi nh cc im truy nhp Femto s b tn cng cho php vic nghe trm v
truy nhp
bt hp php. Do , khi sn xut im truy nhp, mt iu quan trng l phi m bo
theo kp cng ngh GSM v UMTS ngy nay v cc thut ton c trin khai trn
nhng thit b ca chng.
2.4.4. Bo v chng gian ln
Cc bin php bo mt phi ph hp vi vic trin khai tng im truy nhp femto c
th. Mt
s ng dng Femtocell c th khng ch c, hoc gy xung t vi mt s c cu bo
mt c ng dng trong cng ngh di ng. c bit, cc th tc qun l tnh di ng
ca Femtocell c th nh hng khng tt ti chc nng IMSI tm thi (TMSI), IMSI c
yu cu truyn r rng hn.
Cc khuyn ngh t GSMA l cc giao din an ton c s dng gia im truy nhp
Femto v mng di ng cung cp tnh bo mt c v gc vt l v logic ca cc d
liu nhy cm v cc im truy nhp Femto, m bo n khng bao gi nm ngoi

 n 3
Femtocell
min c bo m trong im truy nhp Femto, ch c cc TMSI c s dng qua khng
gian.
Ch l thit b c kh nng c s dng cho cc mc ch phi php. Cc thit b
Femtocell ch c cung cp cho nhng khch hng uy tn, khi iu ny b vi phm th c
kh nng cc im truy nhp Femto c s dng thc hin cc cuc gi bt hp php...

2.4.5. Mng v bo mt Backhaul

Vic kt ni im truy nhp Femto thng qua mng Internet cng cng v cc lin kt
DSL to ra mt s vn v bo mt mi. Nhng vn ny bao gm t bo v chng li
vic nghe trm cc cuc gi ti vic ngi s dng lp thm cc thit b thay i lung vo
mng pha sau. Bt k gii php bo mt no cng phi iu khin mt cch hiu qu a
cuc gi ng thi. S e da ng k nht tn ti trn vi mt cui cng ti im truy
nhp Femto, chng thng da trn c s Ethernet. Xa hn, backhaul trn mng WAN l
quan trng cp 2.
gim nh nhng vn ny GSMA khuyn ngh lu lng im truy nhp Femto
tr IP ni b, v lu lng Internet phi c an ton s dng IPSEC VPN thng qua
xDSL backhaul (tuy nhin, ch l c nhng gii pho bo mt khc tn ti bao gm
SRTP). Vi tt c lung lu lng c m bo an ton nh mt m ha bao gm lu
lng ngi s dng v iu khin.

2.4.6. Bo mt nhn thc im truy nhp Femtocell

Mi e da chnh cho s trao i ca cc Femtocell l s trin khai v s dng cc
thit b nhi hoc khng hp php. S bo v phi c cung cp chng li cc im truy
nhp bt hp php kt ni ti mng. S dng cc im truy nhp l n trm v khng
r ngun gc phi c nh a ch bi nhn thc thit b c miu t trong khuyn
ngh pha trn.

 n 3
Femtocell

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Femtocell
CHNG 3 : CC GII PHP KT NI FEMTOCELL TI MNG LI DI
NG
3.1. M u.
Trong mng thng tin di ng th h th 3G UMTS, cc trm pht sng Node B (bao
gm cc macro-cell, micro-cell hay c pico-cell) kt ni trc tip vi khi iu khin
mng v tuyn RNC (Radio Network Controller) bng ng truyn dnh ring nh
E1/T1. Cc RNC ghp cc lu lng d liu t cc Node B trc khi gi chng n
mng li di ng. RNC phn pht lu lng thoi (ca mng chuyn ni mnh) n cc
tng i MSC (Mobile Switching Center) thng qua giao din Iu-CS v d liu gi (ca
mng chuyn ni gi) n SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) thng qua giao din IuPS.
V l do gi thnh v tin li s dng, femtocell phi p ng tnh nng cm v chy
(plug-and-play) ging nh cch m ngi ta ci t v s dng mt trm truy nhp WiFi.
Trong tng lai, hng ngn femtocell s c ni kt vi kin trc mng li di ng
thng qua mng cng cng Internet. iu ny t ra bi ton v kh nng m rng
(scalability), tnh bo mt v s chun ha ca cc thit b v gii php. Di y, chng
ta s cng tm hiu 4 gii php c ngh kt ni thit b femtocell n mng li
di ng.

 n 3
Femtocell

Hnh 3.8 Gii php kt ni Femtocell vi mng li

3.2. Kin trc da trn UMTS.
Gii php u tin i theo hng gi nguyn h tng mng nm pha sau RNC. Vic
lin lc t cc femtocell v mng li s thc hin bng ng hm IP c bo mt thng
qua mng IP bng rng cng cng. Chng ta c th phn ra 2 loi: Iub trn
IP (nu ng hm IP c thit lp gia femtocell v RNC) v Iu trn IP (nu ng
hm c thit lp gia RNC v MSC/SGSN). Trong khung gii php ny, Iuconcentrator (cn c gi l Femtocell Gateway FGW) c ngh nh im tp
trung lu lng thng tin t hng nghn femtocell trc khi i vo mng li di ng
tng kh nng m rng (scalability).
3.2.1. Gii php Iub trn IP
Trong gii php ny, femtocell ng vai tr ca mt Node B, cn FGW s nm gia
femtocell v RNC nh minh ha hnh 1. Gii php ny thch hp khi c t ngi kt ni
vi femtocell cng lc (v d trong gia nh hay vn phng t ngi). Ty theo s lng
femtocell kt ni vi FGW m FGW v RNC c th thit k trong cng mt thit b hay 2
thit b ring l. y ta xt trng hp chng tch bit nhau v lin lc gia FGW v
RNC thc hin trn giao din Iub.

 n 3
Femtocell

Hnh 3.9a gii php trn Iub trn IP

Hnh 3.2b Gii php IUb trn IP

Femtocell c s xc thc gm 16 bit nh mt cell-ID. FGW c nhim v ghp lu
lng t nhiu femtocell n v chuyn tip chng n RNC dng giao thc FP (Framing
Protocol). Giao thc Iub c ng gi trong cc gi IP (cn gi l ng hm Iub). Bo
mt s c m bo bi giao thc IPSec. Ngay lc u lp t, femtocell s to mt lin
hip bo mt vi FGW trnh nhng thng tin thu bao gi n t mng IP cng cng.
Femtocell dng TR-069 hay mt c ch tng t cu hnh a ch IP ca n t mt
my ch cu hnh t ng ACS (Auto Configuration Server). RNC v FGW s cng nhau
thc hin chc nng qun l ti nguyn, c bit dnh ring cho cc chuyn giao gia
femtocell v macrocell. Nu mng li khng h tr truyn ti IP, RNC s lm nhim v
chuyn i IP-sang-ATM v ngc li.
Cc chc nng nh qun l di ng MM (Mobility Management) v iu khin cuc
gi CC (Call Control) c thc hin bi mng li. Vi gii php ny, nu femtocell v

 n 3
Femtocell
macrocell cng thuc s qun l ca mt RNC, s chuyn giao gia femtocell v
macrocell s thuc loi intra-RNC. Trong trng hp ngc li, s chuyn giao gia
femtocell v macrocell s l inter-RNC. Khi chuyn giao t macrocell sang femtocell, the
CN v UE s chn femtocell thch hp, thit lp bo hiu Iub v to ng hm vn ti
thng qua mng IP cng cng gia FGW v femtocell. Ti nguyn v tuyn gia
femtocell v UE c qun l bi giao thc RRC (Radio Resource Control) RNC. Mt
khi vic thit lp ng hm Iub hon tt, mng li s chuyn cuc gi sang femtocell.
Trong chuyn giao t femtocell sang macrocell, RNC s tin hnh thit lp kt ni vi
macrocell trc khi chuyn cuc gi sang macrocell. Trong chuyn giao gia 2 femtocell,
RNC s ng vai tr l nt neo (anchor) trong qu trnh thit lp ng hm Iub ti
femtocell ch n.
Tr ngi ca gip php ny nm gii hn m rng ca RNC p ng hng ngn
Node-B (bao gm cc femtocell). khc phc phn no tnh trng ny, FGW c
ngh. Mc dng giao din Iub l mt giao din chun nhng n li c thm nhiu c
tnh ring ty thuc theo gii php ca nh cung cp thit b mng. Chnh v th, n thiu
mt s nht qun chung gia nhng nh sn xut thit b khc nhau.
3.2.2. IU trn IP.
Trong gii php ny, cc femtocell s c tch hp vi mng li di ng thng qua
cc FGW nh minh ha hnh 3. Nhng chc nng ca RNC v Node B s c ci t
trn femtocell v do femtocell s lin lc vi FGW thng qua giao din 3G Iu trn IP.
S nhn din ca femtocell trong trng hp ny khi lin lc vi FGW c dng a
ch ca mt RNC (12 bits). FGW to ng hm cho cc thng ip bo hiu RANAP t
femtocell n mng li. Nu mng li khng h tr vn ti IP, FGW s m nhim vic
chuyn i gia truyn ti IP v truyn ti ATM nh vo giao thc truyn ti bo
tin SIGTRAN. Cng ging nh trn, trong gii php Iub trn IP, ngay khi lp t,
femtocell s to mt lin hip bo mt vi FGW v dng TR-069 hay mt c ch tng
t cu hnh a ch IP ca n. Thm vo y, femtocell s s dng ACS cu hnh
cc thng s qun l ti nguyn cng nh thut ton thc hin trong mi trng
femtocell.

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Hnh 3.3 Kin trc gii php Iu trn IP

FGW l im tp trung lu lng t hng ngn femtocell gi n v tch gi lu
lng thoi v d liu n tng i MSC v SGSN ging nh chc nng ca mt
RNC. V d, thng tin thoi s c gi t femtocell n FGW dng RTP trn UDP, sau
FGW s chuyn i thng tin thoi ny sang IP, ATM hay DTM tng ng vi truyn
ti ca mng li. Tm li, FGW gi lp vai tr ca mng li di ng i vi cc femtocell
v gi lp RNC i vi mng li di ng. Do vy, vi gii php ny ta khng cn bt c
s thay i no h tng mng li. bo mt thng tin gi t femtocell n FGW qua
mng IP cng cng, giao thc IPSec c chn dng. Mt cng bo mt s c
ci t cng vi FGW . y cng chnh l im kt thc ca cc ng hm IPSec n t
cc femtocell.

Hnh 3.4 B giao thc ca gii php Iu trn IP

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Khi ngi dng chuyn giao t femtocell sang mt macrocell, nu c 2 u cng
thuc s qun l ca mt MSC/SGSN, chuyn giao ny s thuc loi inter-RNC. Nu
khng, chuyn giao gia femtocell v macrocell s c thc hin nh mt chuyn giao
inter-MSC/SGSN. Khi chuyn t mt macrocell sang mt femtocell, UE v CN s
xc nh femtocell thch hp da vo danh sch cc cell cn k, thit lp bo hiu Iu
v ng hm truyn ti gia femtocell v FGW thng qua mng IP. Vic qun l ti
nguyn gia femtocell v UE c thc hin nh s phi hp ca giao thc RRC v
RANAP (nh hnh 4). Mt khi ng hm Iu c thit lp, mng li s chuyn cuc
gi thoi ti femtocell s dng giao thc qun l di ng MM v giao thc qun l cuc
gi CC MSC v UE. Trong qu trnh chuyn giao theo chiu ngc li, tc t femtocell
sang macrocell, giao thc RANAP ti MSC v giao thc RRC ti RNC ch n thit lp
kt ni macrocell trc khi cuc gi c chuyn giao. i vi chuyn giao gia 2
femtocell, MSC/SGSN ng vai tr nh mt im neo thit lp ng truyn
v ng hm Iu mi ti femtocell ch n.
Femtocell c chc nng qun l ti nguyn cc b gia femtocell v nhng ngi
dng. Tuy nhin, cht lng dch v ph thuc vo s kt ni vi mng IP cng cng.
Nhng vn nh tr IP hay mt gi tin d nhin s nh hng n cht lng dch v
trn femtocell. y l mt gii php nhanh nht v n gin nht trin khai femtocell.
Tuy nhin, do tt c dung lng t cc kt ni femtocells s v mng li, iu ny c
th s dn n yu cu phi nng cp mng li.
3.3. Kin trc da trn gii php UMA/GAN.
Cng ngh UMA cho php thc hin cc dch v GSM /GPRS trn cc bng tn
khng cp php (s dng cho Bluetooth v WiFi). UMA c 3GPP chun ha vi tn
gi l cng ngh GAN (Generic Access Network). UMA/GAN ngh mt thc th mi
gi l GANC (GAN controller), hay UNC (UMA Network Controller) thc hin cc
chc nng ging nh mt b iu khin trm gc BSC trong GSM. GAN nh ngha mt
giao din Up mi gia GANC v thit b di ng UE.
V nguyn tc, femtocell cng ging nh UMA/GAN ngoi tr vic femtocell s
dng bng tn cp php 2G/3G thay v bng tn khng php nh WiFi hay Bluetooth. Do
vy, gii php UMA/GAN c th c m rng h tr gii php femtocell bng cch

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Femtocell
tch thm cc chc nng ca FGW vo trong b iu khin GANC. Hng gii php ny
rt ph hp cho nhng nh cung cp mng trin khai h tng GAN/UMA cung cp
thm cc dch v gi tr gia tng ca cng ngh HSPA (High Speed Packet Access). Kin
trc kt ni s ging nh hnh 3. Tuy nhin cc lin lc gia femtocell v FGW s c
thc hin trn giao din Up ca gii php UMA. Chng giao thc bo hiu ca gii php
ny c minh ha hnh 5 di y.

Hnh 3.10 B giao thc ca gii php da trn UMA/GAN

Trong gii php ny, FGW s ng vai tr nh mt GANC. FGW lin lc vi mng li
bng giao din Iu. FGW xem femtocell nh mt thit b IP v do vy FGW lin lc vi
femtocell bng a ch IP v s cng. Femtocell s chuyn i lu lng thoi t UE gi
n sang gi ri chuyn n FGW trn giao thc truyn ti RTP/UDP. FGW phi chuyn
i gi RTP tr li lu lng thoi trc khi gi n tng i MSC. Nhiu ln chuyn
m trn nhiu mng truyn ti khc nhau c th dn ti gim cht lng thng tin thoi.
Do vy, cn phi c cc c ch qun l QoS cht ch hn trn giao din Up. Qu trnh
chuyn giao gii php ny da trn nguyn tc rt ging vi gii php Iub-trn-IP trnh
by trn.
3.4. Kin trc da trn IMS.
Gii php ny nhm kt ni femtocell trc tip vi mng li IMS (IP Multimedia
Subsystem). Mt gii php thay th trong cng hng ny l dng softwitch trong cc

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Femtocell
femtocell c kt ni vi cc softwitch thng qua giao din SIP (Session Initiation
Protocol). Vic kt ni trc tip vi IMS li mang li nhiu li ch nh: gim ti lu
lng cho mng li di ng v lu lng t cc femtocell s khng phi i qua mng li,
gim thi gian truyn ti v gim s nt mng m mt gi thng tin phi i qua. Cui
cng, y mt gii php di hn cung cp dch v a phng tin ca IMS trong tng
lai.
pha mng li IMS, femtocell c th giao tip trc tip vi softwitch thc hin chc
nng CSCF (Call Session Control Function) thng qua giao thc SIP, giao tip vi HSS
(Home Subscriber Server) thng qua giao thc Diameter cho chc nng xc thc, y
quyn v tnh cc AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) (nh minh ha
hnh 6). Femtocell cng c th chn la giao tip vi cc thit b k trn thng qua mt
cng gi d liu PDG (Packet Data Gateway). V kha cnh truyn ti thng tin thoi,
femtocell s truyn lu lng thoi trn gi RTP n mng li IMS. Chng giao thc bo
hiu minh ha s phi hp cc thc th mng c th hin hnh.

Hnh 3.11 Kin trc gii php da trn IMS/SIP

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KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

H thng femtocell li ko s ch ca nhng nh cung cp dch v khng dy

mc cha tng thy do nhng thun li ca femtocell nh l m rng vng ph cell, gia
tng dung lng v m rng cht lng dch v trong mi trng trong nh. Nhng c
tnh femtocell tin tin v ti u hn na s c mt trong giai on hai trong s hon
chnh ca tiu chun IEEE 802.16m v l mt phn ca th h WiMAX 2.0 vi trin
khai mc tiu vo nm 2012-2013.
Nhng hot ng cng nghip bng n gia tng li cao tim nng trong vng
ph v dung lng c hy vng t nhng trin khai femtocell, cng nh s lng ln
trin khai on trc. Mt bo co mi y ca t chc d bo ABI vo nm 2012 s c
s c 36 triu chuyn hng t vi c s ci t gn 70 triu femtocell qua 150 triu
ngi dng. Vng ph khng tha mn v gia tng nhng ng dng t l d liu cao l
hai mt thc y pht trin femtocell. Trong tng lai, nhng n lc c cng hin
lm cho nhng nghin cu v femtocell i n thnh cng.
Hn na nhiu ch cha c nghin cu trong giao din v tuyn IEEE
802.16m nh l tr gip ci t cng sut pht ng xung hoc iu khin cng sut
ca femtocell v tr gip a sng mang trong femtocell. Nhng ch ny c th bao
gm nghin cu nhng vn ca nhng th h chun tng lai. Vo thng 5 nm
2010 nhm nghin cu h thng lc s bt u v hin ang tip tc, mc tiu l m
rng giao din v tuyn cho IEEE 802.16m cho trin khai a lp. Mt nhm cng tc
chnh thc v vn ny ang c k vng lp ra.

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Femtocell
DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femtocell
2. http://www.femtoforum.org/femto/aboutfemtocells.php
3. http://www.lulu.com/product/paperback/femtocell-primer/3423204
4. Joseph Boccuzzi, Michael Ruggiero, Femtocells: Design & Application The
McGraw-Hill (2011).