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Tech Ascend CNC Student Manual
Tech Ascend CNC Student Manual
Student Manual
Prepared by Prof. Joseph Goldenberg, MET&DD Department
2003 Edition
Table of Contents
Introduction
10
11
11
12
13
15
15
17
18
18
Programmable functions
18
Spindle control
19
20
Coolant control
20
Understanding interpolation
20
21
22
22
23
23
24
26
29
36
38
Conclusion
42
Introduction
Have you ever wondered who figures out how to manufacture new products so
everyone can get their hands on them? Thats the job of manufacturing engineers and
manufacturing engineering technologists.
When a new product is designed, manufacturing professionals figure out how to
customize existing manufacturing processes to meet the new demands. They work in
exciting high-tech environments, using computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM), robotics, lasers, and Computer Numerical Controls (CNC) to
manufacture all the products that we need and enjoy.
Manufacturing professionals also help improve the quality of life for people all over
the world by improving manufacturing processes. They transform plans and
specifications into quality products. Todays high-tech manufacturing environment
requires the knowledge of skilled professionals
Manufacturing Engineering Technology is a varied and challenging field that is
becoming increasingly important because of new production methods. Manufacturing
Engineering Technicians work with engineers to design experiments, plan production
methods, find better ways to manufacture products, and in troubleshooting, inspection,
and quality control.
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is becoming a key tool for competitive
manufacturing in todays global market. Key element of CIM: flexible manufacturing
systems (FMS), and its component, flexible manufacturing cell (FMC), are being
implemented.
tape punch
tape reader
controller
NC machine
NC systems offered some of the following advantages over manual methods of
production:
reduced scrap
on board computer. This computer is often referred to as the Machine Control Unit
(MCU). The machine functions are encoded into the computer at the time of
manufacture. They are not erased when the CNC machine is turned off (similar to the
operating system of a desktop computer).
CNC opens up new possibilities and advantages not offered by the older NC
machines:
5
rough turning
finish turning
rough boring
finish boring
finish reaming
The cutting sequence, together with the required cutting tools, is documented.
The holding devices and the cutting tools must be available at the time the job is
scheduled to run.
Based on the material of the part, tooling, finish requirements, the programmer
decides on cutting parameters: spindle speed and feed rate. These values he uses later
when he writes the program.
After all the planning is completed the programmer is ready to write the program.
Based on the decisions he made while planning the job the programmer establishes:
programming origins in relations to the machine origins for X, Y, Z
coordinates
mode of programming: absolute or incremental
units of programming (inch or metric)
tool change position
After finishing writing the program the programmer will transfer the program,
together with the setup instructions, to the machine.
A person (setup man) who is responsible for setting up and, sometimes, for the
operation of the machine, will act upon the instructions of the programmer and set up the
job. He will:
do partial inspection
programmer
The programmer will actively participate in debugging the program for any
discrepancy and make the required adjustments needed for the job to run trouble free. A
completed program is ready for production only if it is capable of producing quality parts
in the time projected. Programs that meet these criteria are a direct reflection of the
programmers professionalism.
10
program. With this method, the programmer tells the control how far it is from the
program zero point to the starting position of the machine. This is commonly done with a
G92 (or G50) command at least at the beginning of the program and possibly at the
beginning of each tool.
Another, newer and better way to assign program zero is through some form of
offset. Commonly machining center control manufacturers call offsets used to assign
program zero fixture offsets. Turning center manufacturers commonly call offsets used to
assign program zero for each tool geometry offsets. More on how program zero can be
assigned will be presented during key concept number four.
Program example:
O0001 (Program number)
N005 G54 G90 S1200 M03 (Select coordinate system, absolute mode, and turn
spindle on CW at 1200 RPM)
N010 G00 X-.25 Y-.25 (Rapid to X-.25 Y-.25 location)
N015 G43 H01 Z.1 M08 (Instate tool length compensation, rapid in Z to
clearance position above surface to drill, turn on coolant)
N020 G01 Z-.25 F10. (Feed into the part Z-.25 at 10 inches per minute)
N025 Y3.25 (Feed tool to Y3.25 location)
N030 X4.25 (Feed tool to X4.25 location)
N035 Y-.25 (Feed tool to Y-.25 location)
N040 X-.25 (Feed tool to X-.25 location)
N045 G00 Z.1 M09 (Rapid out of part to Z.1, turn off coolant)
N050 G91 G28 Z0 (Return to reference position in Z)
N055 M30 (End of program command)
While the words and commands in this program probably do not make much
sense to you (yet), remember that we are stressing the sequential order by which the CNC
program will be executed. The control will first read, interpret and execute the very first
command in the program. Only then will it go on to the next command. Read, interpret,
execute. Then on to the next command. The control will continue to execute the program
in sequential order for the balance of the program.
the word names and meanings. Here is a brief list of some of the word types and their
common letter address specifications:
O - Program number (Used for
program identification)
R - Radius designation
F - Feedrate designation
G - Preparatory function
X - X axis designation
Y - Y axis designation
T - Tool Designation
Z - Z axis designation
M - Miscellaneous function
As you can see, many of the letter addresses are chosen in a rather logical manner
(T for tool, S for spindle, F for feedrate, etc.). A few require memorizing.
There are two letter addresses (G and M) which allow special functions to be
designated. The preparatory function (G) specifies is commonly used to set modes. We
already introduced absolute mode, specified by G90 and incremental mode, specified by
G91. These are but two of the preparatory functions used. You must reference your
control manufacturer's manual to find the list of preparatory functions for your particular
machine.
Like preparatory functions, miscellaneous functions (M words) allow a variety of
special functions. Miscellaneous functions are typically used as programmable switches
(like spindle on/off, coolant on/off, and so on). They are also used to allow programming
of many other programmable functions of the CNC machine tool.
To a beginner, all of this may seem like CNC programming requires a great deal
of memorization. But rest assured that there are only about 30-40 different words used
with CNC programming. If you can think of learning CNC manual programming as like
learning a foreign language that has only 40 words, it shouldn't seem too difficult.
14
15
For example, a beginner to CNC turning centers should understand the basic
machining practice related to turning operations like rough and finish turning, rough and
finish boring, grooving, threading, and necking. Since this form of CNC machine can
perform multiple operations in a single program (as many CNC machines can), the
beginner should also know the basics of how to process workpieces machined by turning
so a sequence of machining operations can be developed for workpieces to be machined.
From a programmer's standpoint, as you begin to learn about any new CNC
machine, you should concentrate on four basic areas. First, you should understand the
machine's most basic components. Second, you should become comfortable with your
machine's directions of motion (axes). Third, you should become familiar with any
accessories equipped with the machine. And fourth, you should find out what
programmable functions are included with the machine and learn how they are
programmed.
While you do not have to be a machine designer to work with CNC equipment, it
is important to know how your CNC machine is constructed. Understanding your
machine's construction will help you to gauge the limits of what is possible with your
machine. Just as the race car driver should understand the basics of suspension systems,
breaking systems, and the workings of internal combustion engines (among other things)
in order to get the most out of a given car, so must the CNC programmer understand the
basic workings of the CNC machine in order to get the most from the CNC machine tool.
For a universal style slant bed turning center, for example, the programmer should
know the most basic machine components, including bed, way system, headstock &
spindle, turret construction, tailstock, and work holding device. Information regarding the
machine's construction including assembly drawings is usually published right in the
machine tool builder's manual. As you read the machine tool builder's manual, here are
some of the machine capacity and construction questions to which you should find
answers.
16
How many spindle ranges does the machine have (and what are the cut-off points
for each range?
What way construction does the machine incorporate (usually square ways,
dovetail, and/or linear bearing ways)?
working with any new CNC machine. Truly, the more you know about your machine's
capacity and construction, the easier it will be to get comfortable with the machine.
17
Programmable functions
The programmer must also know what functions of the CNC machine are
programmable (as well as the commands related to programmable functions). With low
cost CNC equipment, often times many machine functions must be manually activated.
With some CNC milling machines, for example, about the only programmable function is
axis motion. Just about everything else may have to be activated by the operator. With
this type of machine, the spindle speed and direction, coolant and tool changes may have
to be activated manually by the operator.
18
With full blown CNC equipment, on the other hand, almost everything is
programmable and the operator may only be required to load and remove workpieces.
Once the cycle is activated, the operator may be freed to do other company functions.
Programmable functions will vary dramatically from one machine to the next. The
actual programming commands needed vary from builder to builder. Be sure to check the
M codes list (miscellaneous functions) given in the machine tool builder's manual to find
out more about what other functions may be programmable on your particular machine.
M codes are commonly used by the machine tool builder to give the user programmable
ON/OFF switches for machine functions. In any case, you must know what you have
available for activating within your CNC programs.
For turning centers, for example, you may find that the tailstock and tailstock quill
is programmable. The chuck jaw open and close may be programmable. If the machine
has more than one spindle range, commonly the spindle range selection is programmable.
And if the machine has a bar feeder, it will be programmable. You may even find that
your machine's chip conveyor can be turned on and off through programmed commands.
All of this, of course, is important information to the CNC programmer
Reference the machine tool builder's manual to find out what functions of your
machine are programmable. To give you some examples of how many programmable
functions are handled, here is a list a few of the most common programmable functions
along with their related programming words
Spindle control
An "S" word is used to specify the spindle speed (in RPM for machining centers).
M03 is used to turn the spindle on in a clockwise (forward) manner. M04 turns the
spindle on in a counter clockwise manner. M05 turns the spindle off. Note that turning
centers also have a feature called constant surface speed which allows spindle speed to
also be specified in surface feet per minute (or meters per minute)
19
Coolant control
M08 is used to turn on flood coolant. If available M07 is used to turn on mist
coolant. M09 turns off the coolant.
Key concept number three: You Must Understand the Motion Types Available on Your
CNC Machine
Understanding interpolation
To effectively command motion on most CNC machines requires more than just
specifying end points for positioning movements. CNC control manufacturers try to make
it as easy as possible to make movement commands within the program. For those styles
of motion that are commonly needed, they give the CNC user interpolation types.
For example, you wish to move only one linear axis in a command. Say you wish
to move the X axis to a position one inch to the right of program zero. In this case, the
command X1. would be given (assuming the absolute mode is instated). The machine
would move along a perfectly straight line during this movement (since only one axis is
moving). Now let's say you wish to include a Y axis movement to a position one inch
above program zero in Y (with the X movement). For the control to move along a
perfectly straight line to get to the programmed end point, it must perfectly synchronize
the X and Y axis movements. Also, if machining is to occur during the motion, a motion
rate (feedrate) must also be specified. This requires linear interpolation.
20
21
the other/s. With this kind of rapid command, straight line movement will NOT occur
during rapid and the programmer must be very careful if there are obstructions to avoid.
With other controls, straight line motion will occur, even during rapid motion commands.
23
XZ on a turning center, simply view the motion from above the spindle. In most cases,
this is as simple as viewing the print from above.
Additionally, circular motion requires that, by one means or another, the
programmer specifies the radius of the arc to be generated. With newer CNC controls this
is handled by a simple "R" word. The R word within the circular command simply tells
the control the radius of the arc being commanded. With older controls, directional
vectors (specified by I, J, and K) tell the control the location of the arc's center point.
Since controls vary with regard to how directional vectors are programmed, and since the
R word is becoming more and more popular for radius designation, our examples will
show the use of the R word. If you wish to learn more about directional vectors, you must
reference your control manufacturer's manual.
.500 R
3.000
1.000 R
.250 R
.250
24
25
Keep in mind that CNC controls do vary with regard to limitations with motion
types. For example, some controls have strict rules governing how much of a full circle
you are allowed to make within one circular command. Some require directional vectors
for circular motion commands instead of allowing the R word. Some even incorporate
automatic corner rounding and chamfering, minimizing the number of motion commands
that must be given. Though you must be prepared for variations, and you must reference
your control manufacturer's programming manual to find out more about your machine's
motion commands, at least this presentation has shown you the basics of motion
commands and you should be able to adapt to your particular machine and control with
relative ease.
To reduce deflection and increase position accuracy a tool called a center drill is
being used. Another tool for this purpose is called a spot drill. The center drill is a short
drill with a pilot on the front. The spot drill looks like a regular drill but with a very short
body.
26
A very popular tool used for producing medium to large holes is a spade drill. It
consists of blade (made out of high speed steel or carbide) and a blade holder. Blade
holders are designed to hold a range of different size drills.
A drill which was designed specifically for CNC operations is a indexable insert
drill. They offer all the advantages of a spade drill plus the ability of indexing (rotating)
the cutting edges of the inserts. There a holes provided thru the body of the holder to cool
the inserts and to flush out the chips. These tools are capable of drilling at rates 5 to 10
times faster that of twist drills or spade drills.
Better hole location, size, straightness and surface finish can be accomplished by
boring. Boring operation follows drilling. A boring tool is a single point tool which
rotates around its own center of rotation.
27
When a hole requires threading a tool called a tap is used. The shape of the thread
is on the periphery of the tap. Taps, depending on the application, could be straight flute,
spiral flute or no flute at all.
When it comes to machining a profile on a milling machine the most popular tool
used is an end mill. End mills come in a wide variety of sizes, flute shapes and are made
from different materials. They come in two, three, four or more flute selection. Another
way to distinguish end mills is as center cutting or non center cutting. If a lot of material
is removed at once, a roughing end mill is usually used, followed by a finishing end mill.
Smaller size tools are made single end or double end. To produce different surface
configurations there are tapered, ball nose and corner rounding end mills.
28
If a large surface needs to be machined a tool called face or shell mill is used.
These tools usually cut mostly with the bottom of the tool.
Its hard to describe all tools available to the programmer in such condensed
manual. But it can not be over emphasized the importance of the knowledge of tooling.
The more a programmer knows about tooling the better job can he do in programming.
Choosing the right tools for the job can make the job a money maker or money can be
lost.
29
M1
(****)
(****)
N300(1/4",END,MILL,CONTOUR,OUT
SIDE)
T3M6
G0G90X.2982Y.7655S4500M3
G43H3Z.05
/M8
G1Z-.11F10.
X.3864Y.7499
G2X1.125Y0.R.75
X.3864Y-.7499R.75
G1X.2982Y-.7655
G0Z.1
X-.2982
G1Z-.11
X-.3864Y-.7499
G2X-1.125Y0.R.75
X-.3864Y.7499R.75
G1X-.2982Y.7655
G0Z.1
(**)
(1/4",END,MILL,POCKETING)
X.3843Y-.4279
G1Z-.02
X-.3843
G2X-.7174Y-.2567R.428
G1X.7174
G3X.7944Y-.0856R.428
G1X-.7944
G2X-.803Y0.R.428
X-.7944Y.0856R.428
G1X.7944
G3X.7174Y.2567R.428
G1X-.7174
%
O1()
(DATE=DD-MM-YY - 17-04-04
TIME=HH:MM - 19:57)
(GEOMETRY=DOGTAG1A)
(PROGRAM NAME - DOGTAG1A.NC)
(OPERATION#1)
(ZERO,POSITION)
(X,Y=CENTERLINE,OF,MATERIAL)
(Z=TOP,OF,MATERIAL)
(TOOL,LIST,AT,END)
G0G40G80G90
G54
N100(#2,CENTERDRILL
T1M6
G0G90X-.846Y0S3000M3
G43H1Z.05
/M8
G98G81Z-.15R.05F5.
G80
M5
M9
G91G28Z0
M1
(****)
(****)
N200(1/8",DRILL)
T2M6
G0G90X-.846Y0S4000M3
G43H2Z.05
/M8
G98G81Z-.1806R.05F6.
G80
M5
M9
G91G28Z0
30
X-.1797
G1Z-.03
X-.057
X-.0569Y.1426
X-.1544
G2X-.17Y.1582R.0156
X-.1697Y.1613R.0156
G1X-.1584Y.2164
G2X-.1431Y.2289R.0156
G1X-.0483
X-.0482Y.2295
X-.1369
G2X-.1525Y.2452R.0156
X-.1523Y.2481R.0156
G1X-.1427Y.2974
G2X-.1274Y.3101R.0156
G1X-.031
X-.0308Y.3107
X-.1464
X-.1797Y.1419
G0Z.05
X.0253Y.2082
G1Z-.03
X.0262Y.1934
X.03Y.1763
X.0398Y.1581
X.0412Y.1564
X.0498Y.1491
X.0668Y.1415
X.0866Y.1392
X.1118Y.1426
X.1325Y.1522
X.1342Y.1534
X.1436Y.1615
X.1574Y.1802
X.1515Y.1813
G2X-.3843Y.4279R.428
G1X.3843
X-.375Y.438
G1Z-.02
G3X-.813Y0.R.438
X-.375Y-.438R.438
G1X.375
G3X.813Y0.R.438
X.375Y.438R.438
G1X-.375
G0Z.1
M5
M9
G91G28Z0
M1
(****)
(****)
N400(1/32",END,MILL)
T4M6
G0G90X-.3409Y.1419S5000M3
G43H4Z.05
/M8
G1Z-.03F10.
X-.3346
X-.3031Y.2975
G2X-.2878Y.3101R.0156
G1X-.2376
X-.2375Y.3107
X-.3651
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X-.3259
G2X-.3103Y.2944R.0156
X-.3106Y.2913R.0156
G1X-.3409Y.1419
G0Z.05
31
X.2376
X.253Y.2192
G2X.2683Y.2318R.0156
G1X.349
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G1X.3502Y.1419
X.3565
X.3906Y.3107
X.3835
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G1X.2745
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G1X.2717Y.3107
X.2646
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G0Z.05
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G1Z-.03
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G2X.041Y-.2944R.0156
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G1X.0526Y-.2362
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X.1628Y-.2231
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X.0514Y.285
X.0375Y.264
X.0284Y.2378
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G0Z.05
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G1Z-.03
32
X.5733Y-.1473
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G0Z.05
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G0Z.05
X-.0284Y-.1729
G1Z-.03
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X-.0502Y-.1471
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G0Z.05
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G1Z-.03
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33
X-.0284Y-.1729
G0Z.05
X-.23Y-.171
G1Z-.03
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X-.3584Y-.2914
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X-.1486Y-.1676
X-.1625Y-.1886
X-.1716Y-.2148
X-.1746Y-.2444
X-.1738Y-.2592
X-.17Y-.2764
X-.1602Y-.2945
X-.1588Y-.2962
X-.1502Y-.3035
X-.1332Y-.3111
X-.1134Y-.3135
X-.0882Y-.31
X-.0674Y-.3004
X-.0658Y-.2992
X-.0564Y-.2911
X-.0426Y-.2725
X-.0485Y-.2713
X-.0535Y-.2809
X-.0696Y-.297
X-.0891Y-.3069
X-.1109Y-.3103
X-.1354Y-.305
X-.1499Y-.2947
X-.1531Y-.2915
X-.1647Y-.2715
X-.1684Y-.2447
X-.1639Y-.2126
X-.1578Y-.1951
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34
X-.4695
X-.5598Y-.3107
X-.553
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G2X-.5216Y-.2672R.0156
G1X-.4435
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G1X-.4229Y-.3107
X-.4165
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G0Z.05
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G1Z-.03
X-.4791Y-.2353
X-.4669
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G0Z.05
M5
M9
G91G28Z0
G28Y0
(TOOL,LIST)
(#01=#2,CENTERDRILL)
(#02=1/8",DRILL)
(#03=1/4",END,MILL)
(#04=1/32",DRILL)
M30
%
X-.3395Y-.3071
X-.3231Y-.3119
X-.3027Y-.3135
X-.2765Y-.3101
X-.2583Y-.3012
X-.2562Y-.2996
X-.2494Y-.2925
X-.242Y-.2781
X-.2406Y-.2676
X-.2435Y-.2532
X-.25Y-.2439
X-.2637Y-.2349
X-.2891Y-.223
X-.3166Y-.2086
X-.323Y-.2036
X-.3324Y-.1889
X-.3334Y-.1779
X-.3272Y-.1598
X-.3195Y-.1517
X-.3047Y-.1445
X-.285Y-.1424
X-.2621Y-.1461
X-.2484Y-.1542
X-.2377Y-.1679
X-.2366Y-.1712
X-.23Y-.171
G0Z.05
X-.4428Y-.1419
G1Z-.03
35
Grooving requires the tool to be fed into the work in a direction perpendicular to
the work centerline. The cutting edge of the tool is on its end.
36
Parting involves cutting off the part from the main bar stock. This operation is
done with a cutoff tool that has some clearance on the sides while the cutting is done with
the front of the tool. The tool is fed into the part perpendicular to the center of rotation.
Threading on a CNC lathe is done with a tool which has a 60 included angle
insert. This operation involves cutting of helical grooves on the outside or inside surface
of a cylinder or cone.
37
Another type material used is ceramic. It is a very hard material formed without
metallic bonding. It displays exceptional resistance to wear and heat load. The most
popular material used in ceramics is aluminum oxide.
Where everything else fails we turn to diamonds. There are two types of diamond
cutting materials. The first is a single crystal natural diamond. It has an outstanding wear
resistance but low shock resistance. The other type diamond consists of smaller synthetic
diamond crystals fused together at high temperatures and pressure. This material displays
good resistance to shock loading. Diamond tools offer substantial improvement over
carbides.
G0G28U0
G28W0
N100( VNMG332,ROUGH,FRONT )
G0G96S2500
%
:0011(REVISED)
(TECHASCEND LATHE PROJECT)
(KEY,CHAIN)
(MATERIAL,DIA.,=1.000")
(PART,STICK,OUT,3.550",FROM,SPIN
DLE)
(1.000",DIA.,STOCK)
(DISK,#1)
G50S3500
T0101M3
/M8
G0Z.005
38
G0Z.05
X-.0625
G1Z.01
G3X.0377Z.0023R.1662
G0Z.1
M9
M5
G28U0
G28W0
T0100
M01
(****)
(****)
N300(VNMG331,FINISH,FRONT)
G0G96S2500
G50S3500
T0303M3
/M8
G0Z0
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G1X-.0313F0.002
G3X.2489Z-.1284R.1406
G1X.3854Z-.9082
G2X.5582Z-1.0057R.1094
G3X.98Z-1.2649R.2656F0.001
G1X.9973Z-1.3639
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G0Z.1
M9
M5
G28U0
G28W0
T0300
M0(WITH,SPECIAL,CUP,BRING,OUT,C
ENTER)
(****)
(****)
N900(SPECIAL,"V",TOOL,IN,CENTER)
G0G96S2500
G50S3500
T0909M3
/M8
G0Z-1.0255
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G1X1.0518F.013
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G1X-.06F.01
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G0Z.05
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G0Z.05
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G0Z.05
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G3X.6267Z-1.0094R.2912
G0Z.05
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G0Z.05
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G0Z.05
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G1X.3322Z-.5043
G0Z.05
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G1Z-.0221
G3X.234Z-.081R.1663
G0Z.05
X.0357
G1Z.0026
G3X.1358Z-.0228R.1663
39
G2X.471Z-1.9029R.2087
G1X.5001Z-1.9107
G0Z-1.5494
X.4234
G2X.3267Z-1.5982R.2088F.003
G1Z-1.8393F.013
G2X.4234Z-1.8881R.2087
G0Z-1.5851
X.3467
G2X.25Z-1.7188R.2087F.003
X.2764Z-1.7919R.2087F.013
X.3467Z-1.8524R.2088
G0X1.0837
Z-1.1249
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G1X.98Z-1.1715F.002
Z-1.2188
G3X.6822Z-1.4669R.2813
G1X.4616Z-1.5257
G2X.23Z-1.7188R.2188
X.2577Z-1.7954R.2188
X.4616Z-1.9118R.2188
G1X.6822Z-1.9706
G3X.9444Z-2.1203R.2813
X.9799Z-2.214R.2812
G1Z-2.2145
Z-2.2618
X.9963Z-2.3084
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X1.0517Z-2.0213
X.9999Z-2.1682F.003
Z-2.2142F.013
G3X1.Z-2.2188R.2913
X.9423Z-2.3451R.2913F.003
G1Z-3.075F.013
X.9623
G0Z-2.3218
G3X.8676Z-2.4036R.2913F.003
G1Z-3.065F.013
X.8876
G0Z-2.3907
G3X.7929Z-2.4415R.2913F.003
G1Z-3.055F.013
X.8129
G0Z-2.4326
G3X.7182Z-2.4682R.2912F.003
Z-1.2188
G3X.9404Z-1.3471R.2912F.003
G1Z-2.0904F.013
G3X.9631Z-2.1168R.2913
X.9999Z-2.2139R.2913
G1Z-2.2145
Z-2.2609
X1.017Z-2.3093
X1.037
G0Z-1.3244
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G3X.8636Z-1.406R.2912F.003
G1Z-2.0315F.013
G3X.9604Z-2.1131R.2912
G0Z-1.3934
X.8836
G3X.7869Z-1.4439R.2912F.003
G1Z-1.9936F.013
G3X.8836Z-2.0441R.2912
G0Z-1.4353
X.8069
G3X.7102Z-1.4705R.2912F.003
G1Z-1.967F.013
G3X.8069Z-2.0022R.2913
G0Z-1.4645
X.7302
G3X.6916Z-1.4757R.2912F.003
G1X.6335Z-1.4912
Z-1.9463F.013
X.6916Z-1.9618
G3X.7302Z-1.973R.2912
G0Z-1.4859
X.6535
G1X.5568Z-1.5117F.003
Z-1.9258F.013
X.6535Z-1.9516
G0Z-1.5063
X.5768
G1X.4801Z-1.5321F.003
Z-1.9054F.013
X.5768Z-1.9312
G0Z-1.5268
X.5001
G1X.471Z-1.5346F.003
G2X.4034Z-1.5571R.2088
G1Z-1.8804F.013
40
M5
G28U0
G28W0
T0900
G0G97S1500
M0(REMOVE,CENTER,AND,POLISH,P
ART)
(****)
(****)
N500G0G97S1000
T0505M3
/M8
G0Z-3.15
X1.1
G1X0.19F0.003
G0X0.45
G1Z-2.8114F0.02
X0.3184F.003
X0.249Z-3.0083
G3X-0.006Z-3.125R0.128F.001
G1X1.1F.02
M9
M5
G0G28U0
G28W0
T0500
(TOOL,LIST)
(#01=VNMG332)
(ROUGH,O/D)
G1Z-3.045F.013
X.7382
G0Z-2.4619
G3X.7087Z-2.471R.2913F.003
G1X.6435Z-2.4898
Z-3.035F.013
X.6635
G0Z-2.484
G1X.5688Z-2.5114F.003
Z-3.025F.013
X.5888
G0Z-2.5056
G1X.4941Z-2.5329F.003
Z-3.015F.013
X.5141
G0Z-2.5272
G1X.4788Z-2.5374F.003
G2X.4194Z-2.5581R.2088
G1Z-3.005F.013
X.4394
G0Z-2.5503
G2X.3447Z-2.599R.2087F.003
G1Z-2.995F.013
X.3647
G0Z-2.5858
G2X.27Z-2.7182R.2087F.003
G1Z-2.8438F.013
Z-2.985
G0X1.0357
Z-2.1207
G1X.9963
G1X.9799Z-2.1673F.002
Z-2.2143
G3X.98Z-2.2188R.2813
X.6987Z-2.4623R.2813
G1X.4688Z-2.5287
G2X.25Z-2.7182R.2188
G1Z-2.8438
Z-2.975
G0X1.1
M9
(#03=VNMG331)
(FINISH,O/D)
(#05=1/8",ISCAR,PARTING,TOOL,WITH
ANGLE)
(#09=SPECIAL,"V",TOOL,IN,CENTER,.
031",RAD.)
(ROUGH,&,FINISH,BACK)
M30
%
41
Conclusion
In this program you have learned the basic concepts of NC and CNC technology;
traditional and contemporary CNC hardware configurations; advantages and
disadvantages of the new technology.
Topics included Computer Numerical Control (CNC) concepts, modern machine
tool controls, an overview of CNC shop activities, cutting tool selection and many other
important for CNC programming topics. You were introduced to Word Address
programming.
We told you that a CNC Programmer must be able to:
9 do process planning;
9
do scheduling;
design tooling;
write documentation;
He must have:
9
He must be:
9
Detailed oriented;
Quick learner.
42