Introduction To

CAD/CAM
Contents
• CAD / CAM
• Historical Background
• Conventional Product Cycle
• Integration of Design and Manufacturing through
CAD/CAM
• Introduction to NC/CNC
• CNC Machining and Turning Centers
• Basics of Tooling
• CAD/CAM Softwares
• Delcam
• PowerShape
• PowerMill
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
• Computer-aided design (CAD) can be a
defined as the way of creation, modification
and optimization of a design by using
computer system.
• By using a CAD software,
we can generate
– 2D draft/drawing files
– 3D wireframe models
– 3D surface models
– 3D solid models.
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
The design-related tasks performed by CAD
system are:
§ Geometric modeling.
§ Engineering analysis.
§ Design review and evaluation.
§ Automated drafting.
§ Parts classification and coding.
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the
use of computer software to control machine
tools and related machinery in the
manufacturing of workpieces.
• CAM is a subsequent computer-aided process
after CAD and sometimes CAE.
• The model generated in CAD and verified in
CAE can be imported into CAM software,
which then controls the machine tool.
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
Historical Background
WW-II: The need for more
complex, accurate and precise machining
was originated for then military aerospace
industry.
1950s: Development of NC machines.
1960s: Development of SKETCHPAD by MIT, 1st
GUI.
1970s: As digital computers were invented, 2D
drafting CAD softwares were developed.
Historical Background
1970s: Efforts were made to develop CAM
software, for quick NC program input.
1980s: As digital computers became more
advance and economical, solid modeling
3D CAD softwares were developed.
Late 1980s: CAD softwares became more
advance, by the addition of analysis tool,
e.g. Pro/ENGINEER.
Conventional Product Cycle
Integration of Design and
Manufacturing through CAD/CAM
CAD CAM METHODOLOGY
Why CAD/CAM?
Following are the advantages of CAD/CAM
methodology over conventional product
development cycle,
Ø Shorter Lead Times.
Ø Design for manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA)
becomes very easy.
Ø Ease of use.
Ø Automation of machining operations (DNC etc..).
Ø Documentation and record.
Ø Implementation of CIM becomes easy.
Basics of NC/CNC
• NC stands for “Numerically Controlled”
• Numerical Control is a form of programmable
automation in which the mechanical actions
of an equipment are controlled by
alphanumeric data instructions.
• The set of data instructions, which is required
to produce a part is called as a part program.
• The program is translated into appropriate
electrical signals for input to motors that run
the machine.
Why NC Machines were Developed
To achieve
qFlexibility to manufacture complex or impossible jobs at
lesser cost
qImprovement in the accuracy and quality of manufactured
parts
qAutomation and repeatability
qReduction of non-cutting time in the machining cycle
Prototype of NC Milling Machine
Developed By MIT
Controller

Machine Tool
Basic Components of NC System
An NC system consists of three basic components,
a) Program of Instructions
b) Machine Control Unit (MCU)
c) Processing Equipment

Machine Control Unit Program

Processing Equipment
Layout of Punched Cards NC Machine
Part Drawing
Equipment for part
programming

Punch
Tape MCU, that converts part programming into
electric signals
Machine Tool
CNC Part Programming
• CNC part programming contains geometric
data about the part and movement
commands of the cutting tool with respect to
the work piece.
• Preparatory functions (G-Codes) are
associated with tool movements.
• Miscellaneous functions (M-Codes) are
associated with other auxiliary machine
functions, such as coolant on/off function,
fixture clamping, etc.
Methods of CNC Part Programming
• Following are the various methods of CNC part
Programming.
– Manual Part Programming (MDI)
– Computer-Assisted Part Programming
– CAD/CAM-Assisted Part Programming
Machining Center & Turning Center
• A machining center is highly automated
machine tool capable of performing multiple
machining operation under CNC control.
• It is an advanced form of CNC Milling machine,
having ATC and APC.
• A turning center is capable of performing
various turning operations under CNC control.
• It is an advanced form of CNC Lathe machine,
having ATC, workpiece gaging, and tool
monitoring
CNC Machining Center
CNC Turning Center
Basics of Tooling
CAD/CAM Softwares
• Solid Edge
• SolidWorks
• Catia
• Pro/ENGINEER
• AutoCAD
• Unigraphics NX
• Delcam
• Mastercam
Applications of CAD/CAM
• Engineering & Machining
– Automated machining
– Tool making
– High Speed machining, etc..
• Transport Industry
• Plastics & Packaging
• Footwear & Consumer products
• Dental and Orthotics
• Reverse Engineering and rapid prototyping
Delcam
• Delcam is one of the world's leading suppliers
of advanced CAD/CAM software product
development solutions for the manufacturing
industry.
• PowerShape is a Delcam CAD Package
• PowerMill is a Delcam CAM Package
PowerShape Environment
PowerMill Environment
Capabilities of CAM Software
• Manufacturing Processes Development
• Generation and verification of tool path
• Prototype development
• CNC Programming
• Tool path optimization
• Effective machining strategies to reduce cost
and time
• Integration of CAD/CAM data for efficient data
management
Output of CAM Software
• NC Coding
• Animation