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21 / 11 / 2014
RC
:
- 1 Q = C U .
- 2
.
- 3 Q
.
- 4
.
- 5
.
- 6
.
- 7 ) (
. .
8
u R i q uC .
9 .
10 = RC .
11 .
1
12 C E 2
2
= . EC
RC
uc = E 1 e
uc
1
t
RC
i =E e
R
i
E
R
t
q
CE
RC
q = CE 1 e
1
t
RC
uc = E e
uC
1
t
RC
i=E e
R
i
5
E
R
t
q
CE
1
t
RC
q = CE e
t
2
1
t
RC
uR = E e
uR
uR
1
t
RC
u R = E e
uR
5
uR q uC
du c
1
E
+
= uc
:
dt RC
RC
du c
1
+
u c = 0 :
dt RC
dq
1
E
+
=q
:
dt RC
R
dq
1
+
q = 0 :
dt RC
du R
1
+
u R = 0 :
dt
RC
di
1
+
i = 0 :
dt RC
du R
1
+
u R = 0 :
dt
RC
di
1
+
i = 0 :
dt RC
RC = RC . :
: 1 .
uc
uR
E
E
0 , 63E
0 , 37E
RC
uR
RC
0,05
) 0 , 37 ( E
: 2 t = 0 uc = E u R = 0 t = RC
uR
uc
RC
: 3 t = 5
RC
uR
uc
E
5 RC
5 RC
1
2
1
2
U E c = CU 2 = QU
)E (joule
- 1
K )) . ( VA = VB = 0 (1 ) ( .
A B
. .
A B
QB = QA :
QA + QB = 0
+
+
+
+
uC
uR R
1 -
4
.
.
)( :
: .
: uR = R i
uC E :
A B
- 2
+
+
+
+
) . (2
) ( .
.
R
uC = 0
2 -
- 3
- : ) (S .
.
q = ne
S
n : e ) . (3
:
dq
dt
=i
)(1
e
e
e
e
e
3 -
dq dt
.
Q
S
t
= I
. t
:
) ( q u i
)( Q U I
q A
) . i (4
i
4 -
M P ) . (5
) ( 1
2 P
. P
5 -
:
duc d 1
= Cuc2
2
dt
dt
p = uci = Cuc
dE
dt
1
E c = Cuc2
2
= p :
Ec )(Joule
q = C uc E c = 1 quc :
2
RC
1
6 3 .
K :
L1 L2 L3 . :
K1
6 -
L1 K1 .
K2
K3
L1
L2
L3
L2 K2
L3 K
. L3
E C
. R
) (7
.
R
2
7 -
E
R
- 2
1
1 t = 0 . 7 . 8
: A .
: V1 . E
V2
: V2 .
uc
V1
uR
V1
uR = R i . i
V2 uc = E
. E = uc + uR R . C
8 -
- 1 - 2
E = uC + uR = uC + Ri : RC
duc
du c
i = C :
dt
dt
E = uc + RC
: RC
du c
E
1
+
= uc
dt
RC
RC
) (2
:
)(2
uc = A e t + B
)(3
B A .
B )u c = A e t + B : (3
1
E
= A e t + B
RC
RC
E
B
=
+
R C RC
1
) (5
RC
B =E
du c
= A e t
dt
A e t +
A e t +
RC
)(4
A ) (3 t = 0 . uC = 0
e0 = 1 . A = B = E
0 = A e 0 + B :
)uc = f(t
1
t
RC
uc = E 1 e
uC
t = 0 uc = 0 t +
= E (1 0 ) = E
RC
u c = E 1 e
u C .
t
- 2 2
q = Cu C = CE 1 e RC
)q = f(t
1
t
RC
q = CE 1 e
t = 0 q = 0 t +
= CE (1 0 ) = CE
RC
CE
q = CE 1 e
Q = CE
- 3 - 2
) (1 :
t
du
dq
d
E 1t
= C c = C E 1 e RC = e RC
dt
dt
dt
R
E
R
= i
= I0
E RC1 t
e
R
)i = f(t
E
= i
i
=i
t = 0 = I0
R
- t + i .
E =I
R 0
t
t
8
3
1 3
) 7 (7 2 ) . (9
.
uc uR .
10
uc
uR
uc
uR
2
9 -
10 -
RC ) (.
uR + uc = 0 :
duc
= 0
dt
uc + RC RC :
uc = Ae t
1
Ae t ) = 0
(
RC
) (5 ) (6 :
du c
1
+
uc = 0
dt RC
(5)
)(6
A e t +
1
Ae t + :
=0
RC
1
RC
t = 0 uc = E ) (6 A = E
1
t
RC
) u c = f (t
- t = 0 = E e 0 = E
RC
= E 0 = 0
RC
uc = E e
uc = E e
uC
uc = E e
C
R
2 3
q = C u C :
1
t
RC
) u c = f (t
= CE 0 = 0
RC
RC
q = CE e
CE
q = CE e
3 3
1
dq
CE RC t
=
e
dt
RC
)(1
- t = 0
=i
) i = f (t
E
R
q = CE e
q
t = 0 = CE e0 = CE t +
E
i = e RC
R
t
0
- t +
E
R
i =
E
i = e RC = 0
R
E
R
4
- 1- 4 :
uR
t
u R = R i i = E e RC
R
1
t
RC
uR = E e
:
- t = 0 = E
1
0
RC
- t = 0
RC
uR = E e
uR = E e
- 2- 4 :
u R = R i
t = 0 = E - t = 0
t
1
t
RC
i = E e
R
1
0
RC
RC
1
t
RC
uR
8
uR = E e
u R = E e
u R = E e
10
5
= RC R .
:
] [U ] [ I ][T
Q
It
RC = R = R = [T ] :
U
U
] [I ] [U
= ][R C
= R C
- 6
K
) ( 11
I = 0,30 mA
. :
70
60
50
30
40
20
10
130
110
120
100
90
)t (s
)uC (V
80
)t (s
11 -
)uC = f (t
)uC (V
)t(s
10
uC = a t
:
t = 0 t (7) q = It
q
= uc
)(8
11
) (7 ) (8 :
:
I
t
C
I
C
= uc
I BC 3
=
=
= 0 ,06 V .S 1
C AC 50
I
0,3 103
=
= 5 103 F
0 ,06
0,06
=C
. I = 0,70 mA :
40
50
30
20
10
)t (s
I
6
=
= 0 ,15
C 40
uC (V
6
I
0 , 7 103
=
= 4 , 67 103 F
0 ,15
0 ,15
= C
) t (s
40
- 7
EC
) E C ( max
1
2
E C = C uC
2
) 0 , 4 E c ( max
uC E 1 e
1
1
E C = CE 2 1 e E C ( max ) = C E 2
2
2
2 1
1
t = CE 2 1 e 1 = CE 2 0 , 4 = 0 , 4E C ( max ) :
2
2
= EC
1
2
E C = C uC
2
2t
1
2
uC = E e E C = CE e
2
12
) (
1
1
= EC
= t ) E C = 0 , 37 E C ( max
t = 0
= ' t
1
CE 2
) E C ( max
2
a=
=
't
't
2t
1
2
) E C = f (t t = 0 f ' (t ) = CE 2 e
2
=a
CE2
20
1
2
f ' ( 0 ) = CE 2 e
2
= 't
EC
) E C ( max
) 0 , 37E c ( max
) 0 ,13E c ( max
13
:
:
uC + R i = E
uR
uC + uR = E
dq
dq
= i = E :
dt
dt
uC
uC + R q = C uC
duC
dCuC
uC + R C = E
=E
dt
dt
uC + R C
duC
1
E
+
= uC
RC :
dt
RC
RC
:
uC + uR = E
uC + R i = E
dq
dt
=i
dq q
q
= uC + = E :
dt C
C
. R
dq
1
E
+
=q
R :
dt RC
R
:
uC + uR = E
du R 1 dq
q
q
+
= uC u R + = E : = 0 :
dt C dt
C
C
du R 1 u R
dq u R
+
= i = 0 :
=
dt C R
dt
R
duR
1
u =0
+
dt
RC R
:
di
1
du R 1 u R
u R Ri i = 0
+
+
= 0 :
dt C R
dt RC
- 2
:
uC + uR = 0
)( :
duC
1
+
u =0
dt
RC C
dq
1
q=0
+
dt RC
duR
1
+
u =0
dt
RC R
di
1
i=0
+
dt RC
14