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Curriculum Theory2
Curriculum Theory2
priority and objectives not tested should have second priority (Glatthorn,
1997).
Quality Control in Curriculum
Quality control refers to a continuous process or organizational selfdirection and evolution that increase organizational effectiveness. Three key
ingredients that must be present are 1) a work standard, 2) work assessment,
and 3) activity. As all these elements become congruent, work performance
in an organization in improved.
Multiple Intelligence Theory
Howard Gardner has created the theory of Multiple Intelligences. He
maintains that most school systems often focus on a narrow range of
intelligence that involves primarily verbal/linguistic and
logical/mathematical skills. While knowledge and skills in these areas are
essential for surviving and thriving in the world, he suggests that there are at
least six other kinds of intelligence that are important to fuller human
development and that almost everyone has available to develop. They
include, visual/spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, naturalist
and intra-personal intelligence. Gardner believes that the eight intelligences
he has identified are independent, in that they develop at different times and
to different degrees in different individuals. They are, however, closely
related, and many teachers and parents are finding that when an individual
becomes more proficient in one area, the whole constellation of intelligence
may be enhanced.
The following philosophic theories examine curriculum from a broad
view that includes all of the learners experiences to the more restricted view
that sees it as academic subject matter. (1) Idealist Curriculum Theory
This theory was prevalent during the days of Plato. Idealists viewed
curriculum as a body of intellectual subject matter and learned disciplines
that are ideational and conceptual. Mathematics, history and literature for
instance were ranked very high. The overriding goal of Idealist education
was to encourage students to be seekers of truth. (2) Realist Curriculum
Theory Aristotle founded Realism. Realist curriculum maintains that the
most effective and efficient way to find out about reality is to study it
through systematically organized subject matter disciplines. Realist
curriculum involves instruction in the areas of reading, writing, and
computation. Gaining knowledge through research methods are stressed.
(3) Naturalist Curriculum Theory The Naturalists view of curriculum
differed from the earlier theorists. Learning should actively involve children
in dealing with the environment, using their senses, and solving problems.
bike. In this description he states that the principle by which the cyclist
keeps his balance is known, but the knowledge is in the doing.
Key Concepts
Accountability This term refers to holding schools and teachers
responsible for what students learn.
Content- A word used to identify the curriculum and separate it from school
management.
Criterion-Referenced Test Measures of performance compared to
predetermined standards or objectives.
Core/Fused Curriculum Integration of the two or more subjects; for
example, English and social studies. Problem and theme orientations often
serve as the integrating design.
Curriculum Curriculum is any document or plan that exists in a school or
school system that defines the work of teachers.
Curriculum Alignment A connectivity between what is tested, taught and
written.
Curriculum Compacting Content development and delivery models that
abbreviated the amount of time to cover a topic without compromising the
depth and breadth of material taught.