HISTORICAL

FOUNDATION
OF
EDUCATION
Lecture No. 2
LESSON OBJECTIVES
• State the relationship of society and
schools
• Prove that schools transmit cultural
values by stating facts from education
history in the world and in the Philippines
• Explain the meaning of socialization as a
function of schools
INTRODUCTION
The beliefs and experiences of
education today rest on the history of
this field of endeavor. By knowing
what accomplishments of leaders in
the past, today’s educators attempt to
build on their achievements.
PRIMITIVE EDUCATION
Life among primitive or tribal people
was very simple compared with the
complex life that people have today.
Their means of livelihood were hunting
and gathering wild fruits and
vegetables. There was no reading or
writing and information was transmitted
through word of mouth, songs, gestures,
ceremonial and the likes.
AIMS OF PRIMITIVE
EDUCATION
1. Security and Survival
2. Conformity
3. Preservation and
Transmission of
Tradition
SOME CHARACTERISTICS
OF PRIMITIVE CULTURE
Relatively SIMPLE
Relatively narrow social and cultural contacts
Extraordinary conservative and prone to
superstitions
The organization of primitive life is tribal not
political so that one function of education is to
enable one to live his relatives.
Absence from primitive cultures of reading
and writing.
TYPES OF EDUCATION IN
THE PRIMITIVE CULTURE
1. Vocational. These includes learning
skills in procuring basic necessities of
life like hunting, constructing a hut,
etc.
2. Religious (animistic). Consisted in
learning how to participate in ritualistic
practices to please or to appease the
unseen spirits roaming around.
LESSON CONTENT
1. Ways of procuring the basic
necessities in life and of
protecting life from dangers.
2. Superstitious. Included as how to
worship before the dwelling of an
unseen spirit such as big tree, a
big rock, a river, etc.
AGENCIES OF EDUCATION

1. Home. There was no formal

agency for education, the family
was the center for practical
training.
2. Environment. It provides the
primitive people a very good
place of training.
ORGANIZATION OF
GRADES

There was none. There

were no gradations in
instruction; neither were
there organized classes.
FINANCING
There was no financing
involved since there was no
teacher to pay, no learning
materials to buy and no
school building to construct
because education was strictly
informal.
 EFFECTS OF PRIMITIVE
EDUCATION

Culture was passed on and

preserved for generation.
Tribes were able to meet their
economic needs and were able
to survive
People were able to adjust and
adapt to social and political life.
OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION
TO EDUCATION

The primitive man started

the rudiments of
education from which
evolved the modern
educational systems of
today.
EGYPTIAN EDUCATION
Egypt, the gift of the Nile, is situated in
the Northern Part of the African
continent. Ancient Egypt was a desert
country watered only by the Nile River
which flooded the country from August
to October, leaving behind a very rich
black earth. The government of Egypt
was autocratic, ruled by a king called
Pharaoh who had the absolute power.
AIMS OF EGYPTIAN
EDUCATION
1. Training of Scribes
2. Religious
3. Utilitarian
4. Preservation of cultural
patterns
TYPES OF EDUCATION
1. Religious Education
2. Vocational-Professional
Education
3. Military Education
4. Public Administration
5. Priesthood Education
6. Home Arts Education
CONTENTS TO BE
STUDIED
1. Reading, writing and language
2. Religious and secular literature
3. Artistry in metals and lapidary
4. Mathematics, especially geometry
and surveying, were studied due to
the frequent inundations of their
field which washed away the
landmarks which had to be replaced.
CONTENTS TO BE
STUDIED
5. Subjects in astronomy, engineering,
architecture, physics, medicine,
embalming, dentistry, and law were
taught in the temple schools by the
priests.
6. Music, dancing, playing the harp,
cymbals, drum, lyre, guitar,
tambourine and clapping to rhythm.
CONTENTS TO BE
STUDIED
7. Sports, games, and physical education
with swimming, wrestling, archery
and hunting and fishing taken as
vocations and avocations.
8. The military schools offered training
in the use of bow and arrow, battle
axe, lance, mace and shield. Egypt
became a military power in the ancient
world from 1600 BC to 1400 BC.
AGENCIES OF EDUCATION
Home
Temple Schools
Military Schools
Court Schools
Vocational Schools
ORGANIZATION OF
GRADES
1. The young studied at home with
the mother as the teacher.
2. At the age of 5, the boys attended
the reading and writing schools
under the priests if the parents
could afford to pay the school fees.
3. At 17, the boys entered the school
that offered their vocations.
METHODS OF
INSTRUCTION
1. Apprenticeship
2. Dictation, memorization,
copying, imitation and
repetition.
3. Observation and
participation.
FINANCING
The pupils and the students
had to pay a certain amount of
school fees even in the lower
schools. Hence, education as
not universal.
OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTION
TO EDUCATION
The outstanding contributions of the
Early Egyptians to education was
probably the geometrical
measurement and surveying.
DECLINE OF EGYPTIAN
PROGRESS
Some historians traced the cause of
the refusal of the priestly class to
change the accepted rules and
practices. The old prevented the
young to learn further because of
apprenticeship.
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!