PRED0523

T h e Te a c h e r a n d t h e C o m m u n i t y,
School Culture and Organizational
Leadership

HISTORICAL
F O U N D AT I O N S O F
E D U C AT I O N
PREPARED BY:
1 S i b a l , J o n a s R .

2 Ta l l a , D i a n e J u s t i n e
D .

3 Ta n , R e g e n z o n Z .
 EDUCATION AND SCHOOL

EDUCATION and SCHOOL is an instruction created

by society.
It is the school that “introduces and trains each
child of the society into membership with such a
little community, saturating him the spirit of service,
and providing him with the effectiveness of self-
direction”, John Dewey claimed.
School are the agencies of socialization. They
prepare individuals for their varied roles in the society.
 GOALS OF EDUCATION

To reflect what the society considers as

necessary for survival, stability and
convenience and also to provide and produce
competitive graduates and excellent
educators/professionals.

FAMILY- is the most important agent of

socialization
KEY PERIODS IN EDUCATIONAL
HISTORY
7000 B.C. TO A.D. 1600

1. Primitive societies
7000 B.C. - 5000 B.C.

In primitive societies
survival against natural
forces was the need and so
what were taught were
survival skills and values to
cultivate group cohesiveness.
 2. Greek 1600 B.C. - 300 B.C.

For the Athenian in Ancient

While for the Spartan it was the
Greece, what mattered most in
development of soldiers and
education was the rounded
military leaders.
development of every individual .
3. Roman 750 B.C. - A.D. 450

For the early Romans,

schools needed to develop a
sense of civic responsibility
and to develop administrative
and military skills as the
citizens of the Roman
Empire.
4. Arabic A.D. 700 - A.D. 1350

For the ancient Arabic

world where Islam rose the
most important concern of
education was to cultivate
religious commitment to
Islamic beliefs.
5. Medieval A.D. 500 - A.D. 1400

During the Medieval

Period, schools were
concerned with the
development of religious
commitment, knowledge
and ritual to establish
order
6. Renaissance A.D. 1350 - A.D. 1500

It was a fervent period of

European cultural, artistic,
political and economic
“rebirth” following the
Middle Ages. Education was
focused on the rediscovery of
classical philosophy,
literature and art.
7. Reformation A.D. 1500 - A.D. 1600

The Reformation
period had as for its
educational goals the
cultivation of a sense of
commitment to a particular
religious denomination and
general literacy.
THE HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
 Education during the Pre-colonial Period

 Education was informal and

unstructured, decentralized.
 Home serves as their school
 Focused more on vocational than
academics
 Tribal tutors (for example, the
babaylan)
 Some communities utilized a writing
system known as “baybayin”
 Alibata- composed of 17 symbols
representing the letters of alphabet.
 Education during the Spanish Era

 Education was formal and organized

 Tribal tutors of the pre-Spanish
period were replaced by Spanish
missionaries.
 Pupils attended formal schooling in
the parochial school.
 Instruction was Religion-oriented.
 Christian doctrines, sacred songs,
music and prayers were taught
because they were required for
confession and communion. There
was a separate schools for boys
(colegios) and girls (beaterio)
 The Educational Decree of 1863

 The law gave Filipinos a

complete educational system
from elementary up to college
level.

 Their methods of teaching

catechetical instruction, use
of corporal punishment, rote
memorization, and instruction
was in dialect.
 Education during the American
Regime (1898-1946)

 The Americans promoted democratic

ideals and the democratic way of
life.
 Course of study is prescribe
uniform and centralized.
 A system of free and compulsory
elementary education was
established by the Malolos
Constitution.
 Thomasites arrived in the
Philippines on August 23, 1901- The
University of the Philippines was
founded on 1908. UP was the first
state school of university status.
 The Commonwealth Period
(1935-1942)
 Free education in public schools was
provided all over the country, in accordance
in 1935 Constitution.
 Vocational education and some household
activities like sewing, cooking, and farming
were also given importance. Good manners
and discipline were also taught to the
children.
 Education also emphasized nationalism so the
students were taught about the life of every
Filipino heroes.
 Executive Order No. 134 (of 1936) was
signed by Pres. Manuel L. Quezon
designating Tagalong as our National
Language
 The Japanese Occupation

 The course of study are

prescribed, uniform and
centralized.
 Promote and enrich Filipino
culture.
 To be aware of materialism to
raise the morality of every
Filipinos.
 To spread elementary and
vocational education.
 To develop love for work.
 Post-colonial Period

 Education aimed at the full of

realization of the democratic ideals and
way of life.
 A daily flag ceremony was made
compulsory in all schools including
the singing of National Anthem in
pursuant to R.A 1265 approved on June
11, 1955.
 Elementary education was nationalized
and matriculation fees were abolished.
 Magna Carta for Teachers was passed
into law by virtue of R.A 4670
THE PRESENT EDUCATION SYSTEMS
IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Organizational Structure in the Philippine
Education System:

Department of Education (DepEd)

Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

Technical Educational and Skills Development Authority

(TESDA)
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10533
AN ACT ENHANCING THE PHILIPPINE BASIC EDUCATION
SYSTEM BY STRENGTHENING ITS CURRICULUM AND
INCREASING THE NUMBER OF YEARS FOR BASIC EDUCATION,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
In 2010, Senator Benigno Aquino III expressed his desire to implement the
K-12 basic education cycle to increase the numbers of years of compulsory
education to thirteen years. This is what we called the K 6-4-2 basic education
system.
Kindergarten Education Act of 2012 - kindergarten is compulsory
Moreover, on SY 2011-2012 DepEd has already implemented the K-12
Program it was still enacted into law to guarantee its continuity in a
succeeding years.
 GENERAL FEATURES OF K-12 EDUCATION
PROGRAM

 Strengthening the Early Childhood Education (Universal

Kindergarten)
 Making the Curriculum Relevant to Learners (Contextualization and
Enhancements)
 Ensuring Integrated and Seamless Learning (Spiral Progression)
 Building Proficiency through Language (Mother Tongue- Based
Multilingual Education)
 Gearing Up for the Future (Senior High School)
 Nurturing the Holistically Developed Filipino (College and Livelihood
Readiness, 21st Century Skills)
Pre-school and Primary
Education (Ages 5-11)

Secondary Education
(Ages 12-17)
 TERTIARY EDUCATION/HIGHER
EDUCATION
CHED is responsible in the formulation and implementation of policies,
plans and programs for the development and efficient operation of the higher
education system in the country. The delivery of higher education in the
Philippines is provided by private and public higher education institutions
(HEIs).
The Degree Stages of Higher Education
1. Bachelor Degrees - Minimum of 4 years in duration.
2. Master Degrees - typically span 2 years for full-time students, culminating
with minor thesis or comprehensive examination.
3. PhD Degrees - Doctor of Philosophy, involve great deal of coursework, as
well as dissertation that may comprise from 1/5- 1/3 of the final
grade.
 Philippine Qualification Framework (PQF)

The Philippine Qualifications Framework (PQF) is a

quality-assured national system for the development,
recognition, and award of qualifications based on standards
of knowledge, skills, and values acquired in different ways
and methods by learners and workers of the country. It is a
national policy describing the levels of educational
qualifications and setting standards for qualification
outcomes.
 The Importance of Studying the History of
Education
Why do we have to bother with educational goals of the past and so we can no
longer undo? Dewey explains why a study of the history of education is valuable:

Educational issues and problems are often rooted in the past; the
study of educational history can help us solve today's problems.

Realistic effort to reform education begin with present conditions

which are a product of our past; by using our past, we can shape
the future.

The study of education's past provides a perspective that explains

and illuminates our present activities as teachers.
 LET’S REVIEW!
SUMMARY

Education and school are a function and a creation of

society
Goals in education reflect what society considers as
necessary for survival, stability and convenience
A study of the history of education in the world and
in the Philippines helps us see what societies in the
past considered important and enables us to
appreciate the present which is a product of the past.
Schools are agents of socialization.
 EDUCATION DURING:

 Pre-colonial Period- Education was informal and unstructured,

decentralized

 Spanish Era- Education was formal and organized

 The Educational Decree of 1863- methods of teaching catechetical

instruction, use of corporal punishment, and rote memorization.

 American Regime (1898-1946)- The Americans promoted democratic

ideals and the democratic way of life.

The Commonwealth Period - Education also emphasized nationalism

so the students were taught about the life of every Filipino heroes.

 The Japanese Occupation- The course of study are prescribed,

uniform and centralized. Promote and enrich Filipino culture.

Post-colonial Period- Education aimed at the full of realization of

the democratic ideals and way of life
 CONCLUSION
Schools play an important in every person life. It help us to gain academic
knowledge as well as other personality traits. It  also teach us on how to work in a
team, share things with others, discipline, punctuality, manners and many other
things. Besides socialization, another significant manifest function of school is the
transmission of cultural norms and values to new generations. Schools help to mold
a diverse population into one society with a shared national identity and prepare
future generations for their citizenship roles. Education gives us a knowledge of the
world around us and changes it into something better. It develops in us a perspective
of looking at life. It helps us build opinions and have points of view on things in life.
Because we do believe that without education our world could be totally legally
blind and also education is the strongest foundation of our nation. Lastly, education
help us to become a productive individual and professionals someday.
 APPLICATION
We can apply the historical foundations of education as a future
educator in ways that through these historical foundations, we can
assure ourselves as well as our future students that we can perform our
duties and responsibilities well. Through the help of this foundations,
we will become a great and well-informed educator, in this way we can
educate our students the right things an educator should teach. These
historical foundations of education will become our manual and our
guide towards becoming a successful educator. Applying these
historical foundations will become our asset in pursuing great
outcomes, which is, specifically the learnings of our future students to
be enhanced, developed and achieved.
 “A PEOPLE WITHOUT THE
KNOWLEDGE OF THEIR PAST HISTORY,
ORIGIN AND CULTURE IS LIKE A TREE
WITHOUT ROOTS”

-MARCUS GARVEY-
 References:

• The Teacher and the Community, School Culture and

Organizational Leadership. Prieto, Arcángel, Corpuz
• https://www.slideshare.net/DyenkayeSaludez/historical-
foundation-of-education-127615560
• https://www.slideshare.net/mjlabog/historical-foundations-of-
philippine-education
• https://www.slideshare.net/GretchenGevela1/historical-
foundation-of-education-65409780