Nuclear Heat Transport

(NHT)
MS Nuclear Engineering (3rd Semester)

Dr. Kamran Rasheed Qureshi

Bubble formation, growth and detachment

Bubble growth and detachment from cavity

Effect of heating surface

Liquid agitation in boiling

Pool Boiling Curve

Regimes of pool boiling in water at atmospheric pressure

Pool boiling heat transfer regimes

Nucleate boiling regime
o A lot of research has been conducted to establish a
correlation for heat flux and temperature difference.
o One of the first and more widely used is Rosenhow
correlation
1/3

Where
Csf = constant for a particular combination of liquid and surface
o Since appropriate value of Csf is often not known, more
general methods have been proposed

Pool boiling heat transfer regimes (contd)

Most useful among them are correlations of Stephan and

Abdelsalam, and Cooper.

Stephan and Abdelsalam correlation

Valid for the range 10-4 p/pc 0.97, dd is the bubble

diameter at departure given by

Pool boiling heat transfer regimes (contd)

Cooper correlation

o The Cooper correlation applies to flat plates and horizontal

cylinders for values of constant A equal to 55 and 95
respectively and for the following conditions.

Water, refrigerants, and organic fluids

0.001 pR 0.9
2 M 200
= 1 micron if the surface condition is not known.

Pool boiling heat transfer regimes (contd)

Film boiling regime
o Different correlations are used for various geometries such
as horizontal flat plates, horizontal cylinders and vertical
plates.
o For horizontal flat plate

o Where

o For horizontal cylinder, Bromley gave the following

expression

Limiting conditions on the boiling curve

Critical heat flux ()
o The general form of critical heat flux correlation is

Where C1 = 0.149

Minimum stable heat flux and film boiling

temperature
o Berenson correlated the minimum stable heat flux value
and minimum stable film boiling temperature as

Example (Construction of pool boiling curve)

Draw the pool boiling curve for saturated water at
100 oC. Assume that boiling occurs on a flat
horizontal surface with a conical cavity radius 5
microns and a surface roughness of 1 microns.