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Giao Thuc HDLC
Giao Thuc HDLC
Mc lc
I. Gii thiu giao thc HDLC3
II. Cc c tnh c bn ca giao thc HDLC4
III. Cu trc, khun dng ca frame...6
1. Cu trc chung ..6
2. Cc trng ca frame... 6
IV. Hot ng ca giao thc HDLC...11
(Synchronuous Data Link Control). y l mt nghi thc lin kt d liu rt quan trng,
rt nhiu nghi thc lin kt d liu khc tng t hoc da trn nghi thc ny. HDLC l
mt nghi thc hng n bit.
c im chung ca giao thc HDLC l:
- Hot ng ch full-duplex.
- Lin kt im-ni-im hoc a im.
- Truyn dn ng b.
- iu khin li Continuous RQ.
Do HDLC c nh ngha nh l mt giao thc iu khin lin kt s liu tng qut,
nn chng ta c th dng n trong mt s cu hnh mng khc nhau, nh trnh by trn
hnh 1. Trong HDLC, cc frame c gi t trm s cp n trm th cp c gi l cc
lnh (command) v cc frame c gi t th cp n s cp c gi l cc p ng
(response). Hai cu hnh c trnh by trong phn (a) v (b) ch c mt trm s cp
c gi l cu hnh khng cn bng, trong khi phn (c) c hai trm s cp v c
gi l cu hnh cn bng. Trong cu hnh cn bng, v mi trm u c phn s cp v c
th cp, nn chng c gi l cc trm kt hp.
Hnh 1 Cu hnh mng dng HDLC:
(a) im-ni-im vi mt s cp v mt th cp
(b) a im vi mt s cp v nhiu th cp
(c) im-ni-im vi hai s cp v hai th cp.
II. Cc c tnh c bn ca giao thc HDLC.
Phn loi cc trm:
- Trm chnh, trm s cp (Primary Station)
+ iu khin hot ng ca lin kt.
+ Cc khung (frame) pht ra c gi l lnh (command).
- Trm ph, trm th cp (Secondary Station)
+ Hot ng di s iu khin ca trm s cp.
+ Cc khung pht ra c gi l p ng.
+ Trm s cp duy tr cc lin kt lun l ring cho cc trm th cp.
- Trm kt hp (Combined Station)
+ Kt hp c im ca c trm s cp v trm th cp.
+ C th pht ra cc lnh v p ng.
Cu hnh lin kt:
- Khng cn bng (Unbalanced)
+ Bao gm mt trm s cp, mt hoc nhiu trm th cp.
+ H tr truyn Half-Duplex v Full-Duplex.
- Cn bng (Balanced)
+ Bao gm 2 trm t hp.
+ H tr truyn Half-Duplex v Full-Duplex.
Cc ch hot ng ca giao thc HDLC
HDLC c 3 ch hot ng:
- Ch p ng thng thng NRM (Normal Response Mode): Ch ny c dng
trong cu hnh khng cn bng. Trong ch ny, trm s cp khi ng vic trao i d
liu, trm th cp ch c th truyn khi nhn c ch th c bit ca trm s cp. Lin
+ ngha l bit P.
+ 1 mi gi (Poll) khung p ng ca cc trm ngang hng.
- Trong khung p ng (Response Frame)
+ ngha l bit F.
+ 1 l ch th khung p ng l kt qu ca lnh mi gi.
Khung S (Supervisory Frame) l khung iu khin, dng kim sot li v lung d
liu trong qu trnh truyn tin. Khung S c 4 kiu c xc nh bi t hp gi tr ca 2
bit trong trng Type.
SS=00 RR (Receive Ready), l khung bo nhn, thng bo sn sng nhn d liu,
nhn tt n khung Next-1 v ang i nhn khung Next. c dng n khi khng cn
d liu gi t chiu ngc li va lm bo nhn (Figgyback).
SS=01 REJ (Reject): y l mt khung bo khng nhn (Negative Acknowledge), yu
cu gi li cc khung t khung Next.
SS=10 RNR (Receive Not Ready): thng bo khng sn sng nhn tin, nhn n
khung th Next-1, cha sn sng nhn khung Next.
SS=11 SREJ (Selective Reject): yu cu gi li mt khung c s th t l Next.
Khung U (Unnumbered Frame) thng c s dng cho mc ch iu khin ng
truyn, nhng i khi cng c dng gi d liu trong dch v khng ni kt. Cc
lnh ca khung U c m t nh sau:
1111P100 Lnh ny dng thit lp ch truyn ti SABM (Set Asynchronous
Balanced Mode).
1100P001 Lnh ny dng thit lp ch truyn ti SNRM (Set Normal Response
Mode).
1111P000 Lnh ny dng thit lp ch truyn ti SARM (Set Asynchronous
Response Mode).
1100P010 Lnh ny yu cu ngt xa ni kt DISC (Disconnect)
1100F110 UA (Unnumbered Acknowledgment). c dng bi cc trm th cp bo
vi trm s cp rng n nhn v chp nhn cc lnh loi U trn.
1100F001 CMDR/FRMR (Command Reject/Frame Reject). c dng bi trm th cp
bo rng n khng chp nhn mt lnh m n nhn chnh xc.
Khung thng tin v khung gim st c th m rng 16 bit
S dng ch s tun t l 7 bit
Hnh 4
* Trng thng tin (Information)
Ch c trong cc khung thng tin (I-frame) v mt s khung khng s (U-frame).
Phi l mt s nguyn cc octet (8 bits).
Chiu di thay i, gii hn ty thuc vo h thng.
* Trng FCS
- Dng pht hin li.
- c tnh da trn cc bit cn li ca khung.
- CRC 16 bit.
- C th dng CRC 32 bit.
Tun t kim tra frame FCS (Frame Check Sequence) l mt m CRC 16 bit cho ton b
+SABM/SABME.
- Nu ng kt ni gi li U-frame UA (Unnumbered Acknowledged).
- Nu khng ng kt ni gi li U-frame DM (Disconnected Mode).
* Trao i d liu
Sau khi thit lp kt ni gia cc trm th qu trnh trao i d liu bt u c din
ra.
I-frame:
C hai bn u c th gi I-frame (ch s tun t bt u t 0).
- Mi frame c s th t N(S)
- C ch ACK:
+ N(S) = s th t ca frame ang gi
+ N(R) = s th t ca frame i nhn tip theo, xc nhn nhn OK cc frame c s
th t n N(R)-1
- S dng 3 hoc 7 nh s th t cc frame: Kch thc ca s cc i l 7 hoc 127
- P/F: Trong NRM, ch hi vng ca primary (P=1), secondary thit lp F=1 khi gi
p ng vi khung I cui cng
S-frame:
Cc S-frame c th c dng iu khin dng v iu khin li nu:
- RR : SS=00, ACK nhn OK N(R)-1 frame.
- RNR : SS=10, bn nhn bn, sau phi pht RR tip tc nhn d liu. ACK
nhn OK frame N(R)-1, khng nhn tip cc I-frame.
- REJ : SS=01, NACK frame N(R) u tin c li, phi gi li frame N(R) v cc frame
sau .
- SREJ : SS=11, NACK cho frame N(R) v yu cu truyn li frame ny (Selective
Repeat).
U-frame:
- Cung cp commands + response: mode settings, recovery
- Mode settings: thit lp ch lin kt
+ SABM: Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode
+ UA: ACK chp nhn cc lnh thit lp ch
+ DISC: Hy b lin kt logic thit lp
- Truyn tin gia cc trm s dng unnumbered info (UI)
- Recovery: khi error/flow control khng thc hin c
+ FRMR: frame c FCS ng, nhng sai c php
+ RSET: Tx khi to li s th t cc frame c gi
* Ngt cc kt ni
Mt trong hai bn ngt kt ni bng cch gi U-frame DISC (Disconnect).
Bn kia phi chp nhn ngt kt ni, gi li U-frame UA (Unnumbered
Acknowledgement)
Cc khung qu c th b mt (vic phc hi phi do cc lp trn).
V d hot ng ca HDLC:
Hnh (a) m t cc khung lin quan trong qu trnh thit lp v xa ni kt. u tin mt
trong hai bn giao tip s gi khung SABM sang bn kia v thit lp mt b m thi