< >

<

>

Isoniazid :

acetyltransferase

, , ,

Succinylcholine DH :
AchE

(4)

Primaquine :

ex) Steroid

G6P DH ( )
Ion channel
CYP450

Na+ , Cl- , K+

: Phenobarbital, Phenylbutazone, rifampin,

ex) Na+ channel : aldosterone

phenytoin, benzopyrene

G-protein

: cimetidine, chloramphenicol, disulfiram

Adenylcyclase (Gs) (Gi)

Guanylcyclase (Gt)

(First Pass metabolism)

Phosphatidylinositol (Gq)

protein kinase ex) Insulin

: , , ,

Efficacy : ,

: , ,

instinsic factor,

: ()

Potency : ,

()

: (), ()

carrier

pH , ,
Henderson-Hasselbalch

(aspirin, thiopental)

(supersensitivity)
: antagonist
Up regulation : ,

()

()

(desensitivity)

: agonist
Down regulation : ,

(reserpine, morphine, atropine, quinie)

()

(acid glycoprotein)

Blood Brain Barrier

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AUC
Compartment model

: (t1/2)
: (Vd)
: (CL)
,
pA2 :
2
-log
pD2 : -logED50
pD'2 : 50%
-log
kinetics
: -adrenaline -ARK
-arrestin G s

90%
EC50 < KD

KD=?

1 (), 2(), 3()

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<

>

- Nicotine () : , ,
/ ,

1
2
1
2
3

,
NE

,

- Nicotine () : , CNS,

- hexamethonium, TEA, pentolinium, trimethaphan

mecamylamine
Adrenaline

1 agonist

NN
NM

M1

M2
M3

(NN antagonist)

: phenylephrine, naphazoline, phenylpropanolamine,

xylometazoline, Oxymetazoline
1 agonist : dobutamine

(, )

2 agonist
: metaproterenol, salbutamol, salmeterol,
terbutaline, fenoterol, retodrin

Choline
adrenaline

Choline
- Bethanechol : Muscarine (Nicotinic )

: tyramine, amphetamine, ephedrine

,
Adrenaline

- muscarine : , , ,
Muscarin

Nicotin

AchE

Methacholine

Carbachol

Bethanechol

Cholinesterase

1 antagonist : prazosin
(, , )
1 antagonist : atenolol, metoprolol, acebutol
-blocker : , , ,

- AchE
: physostigmine, neostigmine, Edrophonium,
demecarium, ambenonium
- AchE : , Isofluorophate

: timolol( ), carbachol, pilocarpine,
acetazolamide

: oxime
NE
Choline

: atropine, scopolamine
: Ipratropium
Hemicholium : Ach
botulinum toxin : Ach

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: caffeine, cocaine, amphetamine

nicotine ()
: neostigmine, edrophonium, phyridostigmine


- Ach
: curare, curonium, gallamine

: LSD, Marihuana

TCA( )
- amine(NE, 5HT)
- Imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline,
protriptyline, doxepine, amoxapine

-
: succinylcholine, decamethonium

SSRI(2 )
- 5-HT

- fluoxetine, sertraline, trazodone, citalpram

: meprobamate, diazepam, baclofen,

chlorodiazepoxide

MAOI
- amine(NE, 5HT)

: dantrolene
2+

(Ca )

- Iproniazid, phenelzine, nialamide, isocarboxazid,

tranylcypromine, brofaromine

Ester

CNS

: cocaine, procaine, tetracaine, ethylaminobenzoate,

orthoform
Amide( )
: Lidocaine, dibucaine, oxethazine, bupivacaine

TCA

+++

+++

++

++++

SSRI

+++

++++

MAOI

+++

+++

+++

++

: SSRI

: TCA > MAOI > SSRI

: TCA, MAOI
SSRI

: , Ach (dopamineAch)
: , ,

- ( )
: atropine, scopolamine, diphenhydramine

Dopamine
: clozapine, phenothiazine, butyrophenone
D4 ,

D2,

5-HT2
-
: levodopa + carbidopa(levodopa )
: amantadine( )

: risperidone

: lithium carbonate

: bromocriptine( )
: deprenyl(=selegiline,MAO, )

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(anxiolytics)
Bezodiazepine
: Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, lorazepam,

GABA
- Benzodiazepine : diazepam, lorazepam
- Barbiturate : phenobarbital
- valproic acid

alprazolam, clorazepate, bramazepam

: Flumazenil

: acetazolamide

(Hypnotics)

Benzodiazepine
Barbiturate

Zolpidem : BDZ , REM

Flumazenil

- : diazepam
- : meperidine, fentanyl

carbamazepine
phenytoin

carbamazepine

ethosuximide

phenytoin

valproic acid
clonazepam
phenobarbital

- : droperodol
- : atropine, scopolamine

- : succinylcholine

- picrotoxin : Cl- channel

- nikethamide

- barbiturate
- megnesium
- Ketamine, fentanyl( )
: tribromoethanol

- strychnine : glycine

Opioid

- Nitrous oxide (, )

- codeine :
- pentazocine : ,

- Chloroform ()

- Halothane ()
- Methoxyflurnae (, )

Opioid
- naloxone :

Na
- Hydantoin : phenytoin
- Carbamazepine
- succinimide : ethosuximide
- Oxazolidone : trimethadione, paramethadione
- Phenacemide
- Lamotrigine

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- : ~olol

- Ca2+ : verapamil, diltiazem

- ACE
: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril

- Hydralazine + Isosorbide dinitrate

- 1 : prazosin (~zosin)

2+

- Ca

- hydrochlorthiazide, furosemide

: nifedipine (~dipine)

- K+ opener : diazoxide, minoxidil

- : hydralazine, sodium nitroprusside

- digitalis
- dobutamine (1 ) Metoprolol

- Phosphodiesterase : amrinone, milrinone

(1)
: CNS(2) (NN)

Digitalis
+

2+

(1)

Na-K ATPase Na Ca

: , KCl
digitoxin :
digoxin :
ouabain :

- clonidine : 2 (NE)

- methyldopa

- Reserpine

- nicotine

class

: hexamethonium, trimethaphan, mecamylamine

class

B
II
III

quinidine, procainamide
disopyramide
Lidocaine, phenytoin
propranolol, atenolol

Na

: Guanethidine, reserpine

esmolol
amiodarone, sotalol

Renin : blocker

bretylium

ACE : captopril, enalapril, lisinopril

2+

IV

Adrenaline

verapamil, diltiazem

Ca

Angiotensin II : losartan, valsartan,

saralasin

()

(IB,III), (II,IV), (IA)

: thiazide, loop, aldosterone

blocker

: propranolol, nadolol, timolol

-
2+

- Ca

:MetH,,

: nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine

1 : atenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol

1, : Labetalol

- Dipyridamole : PDE (cGMP )

- : ~olol
2+

- Ca

His()
,

: verapamil, diltiazem

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: abciximab, Eptifibatide,
dipyridamole, ticlopidine, clopidogrel

- : epinephrine(,),

: warfarin, dicoumarol
(prothrombin), heparin
Heparin : enoxaparin, dalterparin, danoparoid,

isoproterenol()
- 2
: salbutamol, metaproterenol, terbutaline, fenoterol

lepirudin
: Alteplase, Streptokinase, Urokinase,
hyalunidase

- Xanthine : theophylline
- : ipratropium

corticosteroids

Heparin : thrombin

- prednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone

Warfarin : Vit K

- : Cushing's

Anteplase : fibrin
Cromolyn, nedocromil
2+

- , Ca

- Vitamin K (prothrombin )
- aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid
(plasminogen )

-
- : phenylephrine, oxymetazoline

- corticosteroids

- , ,

- Cromolyn

- plasma : dextran, PVP

- : codeine, zipeprol, dihydrocodeine

- : Vit B12

- : benzonatate

: sitosterol
( )

: NH4Cl, ipecac syrup

: quaiacolate, bromhexine,

- Nicotinic acid (niacin)

ambroxol,
(~cysteine) : acetylcysteine,

- HMG CoA reductase

carboxymethylcystein, erdosteine

: simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, mevastatin

TG
- TG : clofibrate, gemfibrozil
-
: , cholestyramine, probucol

: nikethamide, picrotoxin, bemegride,
doxapram,CO2
: lobeline, ammonia, CO2

, : Caissone
:

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- K , ,
- acetazolamide, ethxazolamide
Loop ( )
+

- Na /K /Cl
- K+, Ca2+,
- furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid
indacrynic acid, torsemide
Thiazide
+

- Na /Cl cotransport
- K+, Ca2+, ,
- ~thiazide, indapamide, metolazone,
tienilic acid( )
+

K (K )
- Aldosterone : spironolactone
- K+ : triamterene, amiloride
: mannitol, isosorbide, urea
: theophylline, theobromine, caffeine
K+

Ca2+

Loop

Thiazide

aspirin

alcohol,

Purine
AMP

IMP

Hypoxanthine

GMP

Xanthine

Xanthine

oxidase

Xanthine

Uric acid

oxidase

Colchicine

Allopurinol

Probenecid
Sulfinpyrazone
tienilic acid
indacrynic acid

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: paraffine, edioctyl sodium,

sulfosuccinate, glycerin

- : pirenzepine

- : (castor oil)

- : urogastrone

- Histamine(H2) (, )
: cimetidine, ranitidine, farmotidine, nizatidiine
- Proton pump (PPI)
: omeprazole, Lansoprazol, pantoprazol
- Prostaglandine

: bisacodyl, phenolphthalein, phenovalin, Aloe,

cascara sagrada, senna

: magnesium sulfate, , ,
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)

: misoprostol (PGE1)

: opium tincture, loperamide,

lidamidine, diphenoxylate

- : NaHCO3
- : Mg(), Al()

atropine : scopolia Ex, belladonna Ex

: active charcol, kaolin, pectin,
bismuth subnitrate

Helicobacter pylori (3 )
- Clarithomycin + amoxacillin (or metronidazol)
+ PPI(Proton Pump Inhibitor)

-
: chloramphenicol, sulfa, berberine, acrinol,
bismuth subsalicylate

: gefarnate, carbenoxolone

: diastase, pancreatin, pepsin,

: cetraxate

limonade
: (), ()

: apomorphine
: ipecac syrup, cupper sulfate

Dopamine : domperidone, clebopride,

metoclopramide
5-HT4 : Cisapride, Mosapride

- : metoclopramide, domperidone
clebopride
- : ondansetron, granisetron
- : meclizine, cyclizine,
dimenhydrinate
- : scopolamine
: ethylaminobenzoate, oxethazine

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Estrogen

- clomiphene : ,

GH, prolactin, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH
leuprolide : GnRH ,

- tamoxifen :
Progesterone
-
- mifepristone : (misoprostol )

- HCG : ,

vasopressin (ADH)
Oxytocin

Androgen

- flutamide :

TRH TSH

- cyproterone :

I- I2 T3, T4

: ,
: Basedow (Graves )
: thyroxine(T4), triiodotyronine(T3)

-

I : thiocyanate

I I2 : propylthiouracil, methimazole
-

T3, T4 : potassium iodide

:

131

parathrome( )
2+

: Ca

Calcitonin :

Ca2+
2+

vitamin D : Ca

PTH

perilacumor bone
2+

Ca

: Type I ( , )
: Type II ( )
- sulfonylurea : tolbutamide, chlopropamide
- biguanide : metformin
- glucosidase : acarbose

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5-HT1D ( )

Prostaglandin

- sumatriptan, ergotamine

prostaglandin
Misoprostol :
Arbaprostil :
Phospholipase A2
- Hydrocortisone, prednisolone, dexa~, beta~

5-HT1A ()
- buspirone

5-HT2 ()
- ketanserin

Cyclo-oxygenase

5-HT2 ()
- ondansetron, granisetron

- salicylate :
- Pyrazolon : antipyrine, sulpyrine

: bradykinin

- amino phenol : acetaminophen

: Levamisole

Cytokine IL2

- fenamic acid, indene(sulindac),
propionic acid(naproxen), oxicam(piroxicam)
diclofenac(aceclofenac)

- cycloserine, taclrimus, sirolimus

- azathioprine, mycophenolate

COX2 : ~coxib ()

- muromonab, basiliximab, daclizumab (IL2)

Glucocorticoid

- prednisone (IL1, IL2)

: allopurinol

- methylprednisolone (PLA2)

: probenecid, sulfinpyrazone
tienilic acid, indacrynic acid
, : colchicine


H1 :
H2 : ,

H1 ( )
- tripelenamine, promethazine
- diphenhydramine
- chlorphniramine, terfenadine,
H2 ( , )
- cimetidine, ranitidine, farmotidine, nizatidine

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prednisone
CMOPP : cyclophosphamide + MOPP
CMF : cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU

Sulfa
- Bactrim (Sulfamethoxazol + trimethprim)
- Sulfadiazine : ,
Quinolone
- DNA gyrase , supercoline
- Nalidixic acid, oxdinic acid, pipemidic acid,
cinoxacin, enoxacin

: CYP450
: ketoconazol, fluconazol, itraconazol
PUVA(P-, ) : Psoralen

: primaquine (, )
( )
: quine( , MMJ)
( )

chloroquine, quinacrine

Lindane :
Vitamin B3 : Pellagra

glutamate (azaserine)
(methotrexate, aminopterine)
pyrimidine (5-FU)
purine (6-mercaptopurine, azathioprine)
(DNA)
: mechlorethamine, chlorambucil, busulfan
(RNA)
: dactinomycin, doxorubicin, mitomycin
steroid hormones() : prednisolone
: vinca, taxol

MOPP : mechlosphamide, oncovin, procarbazine

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