FORCES

A force can be a push or a pull. A force acting on a body tend to produce a change in
velocity or acceleration of the body.

SI unit of force is the newton (N). It is a vector quantity

Whenever we are pushing, pulling, lifting, bending, twisting, tearing, stretching or
squeezing, we are exerting a force.

Force can:

make a stationary body move

change the speed of a body
change the direction of motion of a body

Newtons 1st law of motion: If no external for is acting on it, an object will, if stationary,
remain stationary, and if moving, keep moving at a steady speed in the same straight line
Newtons 2nd law of motion: F = m a -acceleration is proportional to the force, and
inversely proportional to mass
Newtons 3rd law of motion: if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B will
exert an equal but opposite force on object A. To every action there is an equal but
opposite reaction

Question 1:

Question 2:

Question 3 :

Hookes Law

Hookes Law: springs extend in proportion to load, as long as they are under their
proportional limit.
Load (N) = spring constant (N/mm) x extension (mm)
F=kx
Limit of proportionality: point at which load and extension are no longer
proportional
Elastic limit: point at which the spring will not return to its original shape after
being stretched

Question 1:

The original length of a spring A spring is 20 cm long when a load of 10 N is hanging

from it.
Calculate the spring constant?
The length and 30 cm long when a load of 20 N is hanging from it.

TURNING EFFECTS