Contoh Soal Matriks

1. Dik :

[ ]

6 9 4
A= 5 7 8
4 6 5

[ ]

2 7 1
B= 1 5 4
1 2 3

a. A+B

[ ][ ]
[
]
[ ]

6 9 4 2 7 1
5 7 8+ 1 5 4
4 6 5 1 2 3

6+2 9+7 4+1

5+1 7+5 8+ 4
4+1 6+2 5+ 3

8 16 5
6 12 12
5 8 8
b. A-B

[ ][ ]
[
]
[ ]

6 9 4 2 7 1
5 7 81 5 4
4 6 5 1 2 3

62 97 41
51 75 84
41 62 53

4
4
3

5 3
2 4
4 2

c. A x B

[ ][ ]
[

6 9 4
2 7 1
5 7 8 1 5 4
4 6 5
1 2 3

6.2+9.1+ 4.1 6.7+ 9.5+4.2 6.1+ 9.4+ 4.3

5.2+7.1+8.1 5.7+ 7.5+8.2 5.1+7.4+8.3
4.2+ 6.1+ 5.1 4.7+6.5+5.2 4.1+6.4+ 5.3

25 95 54
25 86 57
19 68 43

d. B x A

[ ][ ]
[
[ ]

2 7 1
6 9 4
1 5 4 5 7 8
1 2 3
4 6 5

2.6+ 7.5+ 1.4 2.9+7.7+1.6 2.4 +7.8+1.5

1.6+5.5+ 4.4 1.9+5.7+ 4.6 1.4+ 5.8+4.5
1.6+ 2.5+ 3.4 1.9+2.7+3.6 1.4 +2.8+3.5

51 73 69
47 68 64
28 41 35

Jadi Terbukti A x B

BxA

e. At dan Bt

[ ]
[ ][ ]
[
]
[ ]

6 5 4
A=9 7 6
4 8 5
t

6 9 4 6 5 4
A+A = 5 7 8 + 9 7 6
4 6 5 4 8 5
t

6+6 9+5 4+ 4
5+9 7 +7 8+ 6
4 + 4 6 +8 5+ 5
12 14 8
14 14 14
8 14 10

6 9 4
A t t = 5 7 8
4 6 5

[ ]
[ ][ ]
[
]
[ ]
[ ]

2 1 1
B t= 7 5 2
1 4 3

2 7 1 2 1 1
B+B t= 1 5 4 + 7 5 2
1 2 3 1 4 3
2+2 7+1 1+ 1
1+7 5+5 4 +2
1+1 2+ 4 3+ 3
4 8 2
8 10 6
2 6 6

2 1 1
B t t = 7 5 2
1 4 3

[ ]
[ ][ ]
[
]
[ ]

2 7 1
1 5 4
1 2 3

6 9 4 2 1 1
A +B = 5 7 8 + 7 5 2
4 6 5 1 4 3
t

6+ 2 9+1 4+1
5+7 7+5 8+2
4 +1 6 +4 5+ 3

8 10 5
12 12 10
5 10 15

[ ][ ]
[
]
[ ]

6 5 4 2 1 1
A t + Bt = 9 7 6 + 7 5 2
4 8 5 1 4 3

+2 9+ 1 4+1
+7 7+5 8+2
+1 6+4 5+3
8 10 5
12 12 10
5 10 8

25 95 54

[ A B ] = 25 86 57
19 68 43

25 25 19
95 86 68
54 57 43

[ ][ ]
[
[ ]

2 1 1
6 5 4
t
t
B A = 7 5 2 9 7 6
1 4 3
4 8 5

2.6+ 1.9+ 1.4 2.5+1.7+1.8 2.4 +1.6+1.5

7.6+5.9+ 2.4 7.5+5.7+2.8 7.4 +5.6+2.5
1.6+ 4.9+3.4 1.5+4.7+ 3.8 1.4+ 4.6+3.5

25 25 19
95 86 68
54 57 43

Jadi terbukti :

( A B )t=Bt A t A t Bt
F. Determinan
Cara 1 :

[ ]

6 9 4
Det A=| A|= 5 7 8
4 6 5
6

[ ] [ ] [ ]
7 8
5 8
5 7
9
+4
6 5
4 5
4 6

6 ( 7.56.8 )9 ( 5.54.8 ) +4 (5.64.7)

6 (13 )9 (7 ) +4 (2)
78+ 63+8
7

Cara 2

| A|=a11 K 11 a12 K 12+ a13 K 13

[ ]

6 9 4
A= 5 7 8
4 6 5

Kolom 1 : Minor dari baris 1 Kolom 1

K 11 det (1 )

1+1

[ ]
7 8
6 5

1(7.56.8)
1 (13 )
13
Kolom 2 : Minor daris Baris 1 Kolom 2

K 12 det (1 )

1+2

1( 5.54.8)

[ ]
5 8
4 5

1 (7 )
7
Kolom 3 : Minor dari Baris 1 Kolom 3

K 13 det (1 )

1+ 3

[ ]
5 7
4 6

1(5.64.7)
1( 2)
2
Jadi | A|=a11 K 11 a12 K 12+ a13 K 13
6 (13 )9 (7 ) +4 (2)
78+ 63+8
7
Cara 3: Sarrus

[ ]

6 9 4 6 9

| A|= 5 7 8 5 7
4 6 5 4 6
6.7 .5+9.8 .4+ 4.5 .64.7 .46.8 .65.5 .9
210+288+120112288225
7

[ ]

2 7 1
Det B=|B|= 1 5 4
1 2 3
2

[ ] [ ] [ ]

5 4
1 4
1 5
7
+1
2 3
1 3
1 2
2 ( 5.32.4 )7 ( 1.31.4 )+ 1(1.21.5)
2 ( 7 )7 (1 )+1(3)
14+73
18

Cara 2

|B|=b11 K 11b K 12+b K 13

[ ]

2 7 1
B= 1 5 4
1 2 3

Kolom 1 : Minor dari baris 1 Kolom 1

K 11 det (1 )

1+1

[ ]
5 4
2 3

1(5.32.4 )
1( 7 )
7
Kolom 2 : Minor daris Baris 1 Kolom 2

K 12 det (1 )

1+2

[ ]
1 4
1 3

1( 1.31.4)
1 (1 )
1
Kolom 3 : Minor dari Baris 1 Kolom 3

K 13 det (1 )

1+ 3

[ ]
1 5
1 2

1(1.21.5)
1 (3 )
3
Jadi |B|=b11 K 11b K 12+b K 13
2 ( 7 )7 (1 )+1(3)
14+73
18

Cara 3: Sarrus

[ ]

2 7 1 2 7
|B|= 1 5 4 1 5
1 2 3 1 2
2.5 .3+ 7.4 .1+1.1.21.5.12.4 .23.1 .7
30+28+251621
18

G. A-1 dan Adj A

[ ]

6 9 4
A= 5 7 8
4 6 5

Kolom 1 : Minor Baris 1 Kolom 1, a11= 6

K 11= (1 )

1+1

[ ]
7 8
6 5

1(7.56.8)
1 (13 )
13
Minor Baris 2 kolom 1, a 21= 5

K 21=(1 )

2+1

[ ]
9 4
6 5

1( 9.56.4 )
1 ( 21 )
21
Minor Baris 3 kolom 1, a 31= 5
3 +1

K 31=(1 )

[ ]
9 4
7 8

1(9.87.4)
1 ( 44 )
44

Kolom 2 : Minor daris Baris 1 Kolom 2, a12=9

[ ]

5 8
4 5
1( 5.54.8)
1 (7 )
7
1 +2

K 12=(1 )

Minor Baris 2 kolom 2, a 22 =7

[ ]

6 4
4 5
1(6.54.4)
1 ( 14 )
14
K 22=( 1 )

2+2

Minor Baris 3 Kolom 2, a 32 =6

[ ]

6 4
5 8
1( 6.85.4)
1 ( 28 )
28
K 32=( 1 )

3+2

Kolom 3 : Minor dari Baris 1 Kolom 3, a13 =4

K 13=(1 )

1+3

[ ]
5 7
4 6

1(5.64.7)
1( 2)
2
Minor baris 2 kolom 3 , a 23 =8

[ ]

2+3
K 23=(1 ) 6 9
4 6
1(6.64.9)
1 ( 0 )
0

Minor baris 3 kolom 3 , a 33 =5

[ ]

3+3
K 33=(1 ) 6 9
5 7
1(6.75.9)
1 (3 )
3

13
7
2
A kofaktor = 21 14
0
44 28 3

]
[

13 21 44
A t kofaktor =Adj A= 7
14 28
2
0
3
A t kofaktor
A =
| A|
1

A =

1
7

13 21 44
7
14 28
2
0
3

[ ]

2 7 1
B= 1 5 4
1 2 3

Kolom 1 : Minor Baris 1 Kolom 1, b11= 2

K 11= (1 )

1+1

[ ]
5 4
2 3

1(5.32.4 )
1( 7 )
7
Minor Baris 2 kolom 1, b 21= 1

K 21=(1 )

2+1

[ ]
7 1
2 3

1( 7.32.1)
1 ( 212 )
19
Minor Baris 3 kolom 1, b 31= 1

[ ]

3 +1
K 31=(1 ) 7 1
5 4

1(7.45.1)
1 ( 285 )
23

Kolom 2 : Minor daris Baris 1 Kolom 2, b12=7

[ ]

1 4
1 3
1( 1.31.4)
1 ( 34 )
1
1 +2

K 12=(1 )

Minor Baris 2 kolom 2, b 22 =5

K 22=( 1 )

2+2

[ ]
2 1
1 3

 1(2.31.1)
1 ( 61 )
5
Minor Baris 3 Kolom 2, b32 =2

[ ]

2 1
1 4
1( 2.41.1)
1 ( 81 )
7
K 32=( 1 )

3+2

Kolom 3 : Minor dari Baris 1 Kolom 3, b13 =1

K 13=(1 )

1+3

[ ]
1 5
1 2

1(1.21.5)
1 ( 25 )
3
Minor baris 2 kolom 3 , b 23 =4

K 23=(1 )

2+3

[ ]
2 7
1 2

1( 2.21.7)
1 ( 47 )
3
Minor baris 3 kolom 3 , b 33 =3

K 33=(1 )

3+3

[ ]
2 7
1 5

1(2.51.7)
1 ( 107 )
3

7
1 3
B kofaktor = 19 5
3
23 7 3

7 19 23
t
B kofaktor= Adj B= 1
5 7
3
3
3

B1=

Bt kofaktor
|B|

|B|=b11 K 11b K 12+b K 13

2 ( 7 )7 (1 )+1(3)
14+73
18

7 19 23
1
B =
1
5 7
18
3
3
3
1

7/18 19/18 23 /18

1/18
5/18
7 /18
1/6
1/6
1 /6

H. Eigen Value & Eigen Vektor

Eigen Value

[ ]

[ ]

A= 3 1
4 3

I A

I= 1 0
0 1

[ ][ ]

03 1
0
4 3

3
4

1
3

( 3 )( 3 )(4 )(1 )
2

6 +5
5
)
( 1 )
Jadi Eigen Valuenya adalah
Eigen Vektor

=1 dan =5

|I A|= 3

|I A|= 2 1

13 1
4 13

1
3

4 2

][ ] [ ]

2 1 x
0
=
4 2 y
0

2 x y =0
4 x2 y=0
x=-1 , y=2
Jadi, Eigen vectornya pada

Untuk

=5

|I A|= 1

53 1
4 53

1
3

|I A|= 2

=1 adalah (-1,2)

1
4 2

][ ] [ ]

2 1 x
0
=
4 2 y
0

2 x y=0
4 x +2 y=0
x=1 , y=2
Jadi, Eigen vectornya pada

=5 adalah (1,2)