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Kapitel 1
1104
= 8 32 + 24 = 0
a) 4x + 2(2x 3) = 4x + 2 2x + 2 ( 3) = 8x 6
b) 2(4 2)2 2 4(4 3) = 2 22 8 1 = 0
b) 6a 2(11 7a) = 6a 2 11 + 2 7a = 20a 22
c) (x + 3)(2x + 4) = x 2x + x 4 + 3 2x + 3 4 =
1111
d) (y 4)(2 y) = y 2 y y 4 2 + 4 y =
= 2y y2 8 + 4y = 6y y2 8
1105
Konjugatregeln: (a + b)(a b) = a2 b2
a) (x 4)(x + 4) = x2 16
b) (7 2a)(7 + 2a) = 49 4a2
= a2 2ab + b2
c) (x 2)3 = (x2 4x + 4)(x 2) =
= x3 2x2 4x2 + 8x + 4x 8 = x3 6x2 + 12x 8
d) (x 1)x + (x2 2x 4)(x + 1) =
= x2 x + x3 2x2 4x + x2 2x 4 = x3 7x 4
1106
Kvadreringsregeln:
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
1112
a) Svar: Termen ndras inte varav polynomet frblir ett
tredjegradspolynom.
b) Svar: x3 x2 = x5, drmed blir polynomet ett
femtegradspolynom.
1113
V(x) = I(x) K(x) = 1200x 20x2 5000 80x 10x2 =
= 30x2 + 1120x 5000
1107
6a 6b + 6 + 2a 4 + 3b 3a = 5a 3b + 2
A + 3b 3a + b a = 5a 3b + 2
A = 9a 7b + 2
B + 3b 3a + a b = 5a 3b + 2
B = 7a 5b + 2
1114
y(2,5) = 2,15 + 2,1(2,5) 0,41(2,5)2 =
= 2,15 + 5,25 2,5625 = 4,8375
y(2) = 2,15 + 2,1(2) 0,41(2)2 = 2,15 + 4,2 1,64 = 4,71
4,8375 4,71 = 0,1275
Svar: Skillnaden i hjd mellan ett kast som frdats 2,5 meter
1108
2
1109
N(140) = 3000 20(140) = 200
Svar: Vid biljettpriset 140 kr kommer 200 skdare.
1115
1120
2
p(a + 1) = a2 + 2a + 1
a2 + 2a + 1 = (a + 1)2
Svar: p(x) = x2
1121
= 2x + 2x y + 6y x 2y
p(1) = ax2 + bx + c = 0
p(0) = ax2 + bx + c =5
p(2) = ax2 + bx + c = 3
Om p(0) = 5 r den konstanta termen c = 5
ax 2 + bx + 5 = 0
1116
a) (2a + 5)3 = (2a + 5)(4a2 + 20a + 25) =
= 8a3 + 40a2 + 50a + 20a2 + 100a + 125 =
= 8a3 + 60a2 + 150a + 125
(b 5)22 + 2b + 5 = 3
b = 12/6 = 2
= a ab 5a + ab b 5b + 5a 5b 25 =
2
a=b5
6b 15 = 3
b) (a + b + 5)(a b 5) =
2
ab+5=0
a = 2 5 = 3
Svar: p(x) = 5 + 2x 3x2
= a b 10b 25
1124
1117
2
a) x7 x2 =x(7 2) = x5
b) x6/x8 =x(6 8) = x2
c) (4x)3 = 4(x 3) = 43x
e) (b2)4 = b(2 4) = b8
f) b3/b = b(3 1) = b4
1125
a) 1/(3 3 3 3) = 34
b) 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 54
c) (3x)0 + 3x0 = 1 + 3 = 4
1119
(60 x)(3 000 + 100x) =
= 180 000 + 6 000x 3 000x 100x2 =
= 180 000 + 3 000x 100x2
x2 30x 1 800 = 0
x = 15 ger maximal intkt genom att det r vertex.
Svar: Intkten: 180 000 + 3 000x 100x2 med
maximalintkt nr x = 15.
d) (4a)3 = 64a3
e) 2 23 = 2 2 2 2 = 16
1126
1132
4 3
4 3
12
12
12
a) 25x 2 = 2x
a) (2 x ) + 2 (x ) = 8x + 2x = 10x
5x 2 = x
b) (2a/b2)2 = 4a2/b4
4x = 2
x = 0,5
b) 25x 2 = 4x
25x 2 = 22x
5x 2 = 2x
x = 2/3
1127
y = 220
c) 32x = 1/27
32x = 33
2x = 3
x = 1,5
1128
d) 23x 25 = 2x
23x 5 = 2x
3x 5 = x
2x = 5
x = 2,5
1129
b) a3 + h a3 = a3(ah 1)
c) a2n + an = an(an + 1)
1134
d) (3 + 3 + 3 ) = (3 + 3 + 3 )( (3 + 3 + 3 ) =
= 9 (3x 3x) =9 9x = 9x + 1
1130
x 2
1131
a) (5x + 5x) 2 = (5x + 5x)(5x + 5x) = 52x + 50 + 50 + 52x =
= 52x + 2+ 52x
b) ax(a3x + 2ax) = a(3x + x) + 2a(x x) = a4x + 2
1135
1142
59
58
58
a) 2 + 2 = x 2
a) 10 = 100,5
258(2 + 1) = x 258
2+1=x
b) 1 / 10 = 10 0,5
x=3
(1+0,5)
c) 10
=
10 10
=
101,5
b) (4 4 )/(4 4 ) = 2
26/23 = 2x
3
d) 1 /10
=
10 1=
/101,5 10 1,5
2 =2
x=3
1143
c) 2x + 58 2x 58 = 259
b) 10 10 =
10
x = 59/2 = 29,5
d) (97 + x)/(37 + x) = 1/9
(32(7 + x ))/(37 + x) = 32
314 + 2x 7 x = 32
0,5
=
1/ =
100 1=
/10 0,1
c) 100
d) 5 20 = 5 20 = 100 = 10
14 + 2x 7 x = 2
x = 9
1144
a) |5|+|2| = 5 + 2 = 7
1136
a) (3a + 1 32)/33 =
b) |5| |2| = 5 2 = 3
= 3a + 3/33 = 3a
b) ((x2m)3 xn)/x2m + n =
6m n
=x
/x
2m + n
4m- 2n
=x
1145
a) (3)2 =|3| =3
b) 32 + 42 = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5
2 104 =
20000
c) 4 108 =
d) 9 10 2 =
3 (1 /102 ) =
3 1 /100 =
3 (1 /10) =
3 /10
1141
a) 4 + 9 = 2 + 3 = 5
b) 4 9 = 2 3 = 6
c 2 8=
28 =
16 = 4
d) ( 2)2 + 8 8 = 2 + 8 = 10
1146
1151
a) x = 10
a) |x 1| = 1
x = 10
|2 1| = |1| = 1
|0 1| = |1| = 1
b) 2x2 = 10
x1 = 2
x2 = 5
x2 = 0
x= 5
b) |x|=2
x1 = 2
c)x2 + 22 = 32
x 2 = 2
x +4=9
2
x =5
x= 5
1152
|x 7| < 2
d) (x2)/2 = 52
|5 7| = |2| = 2
x2 = 50
|9 7| = |2| = 2
x = 50
1147
a)
1153
700 = 26,46
7 x 13
Svar:|x 10| 3
b) 70000 = 264,6
1148
1154
a) 2 3 = 4 3 = 4 3 = 12
32 / 4
b) =
32
=
/ 16
=
32 /16
2a2 = a 2
b) Med hjlp av Pythagoras sats: a2 + b2 = c2
1149
a2 (2a)2 = x2
3 + 3) (3 3)
=
/(3 3) 1
a) ( 3 3 3) /( 3 + =
3a2 = x2
x=a 3
a) ( a + b )( a b ) = a a b + a b b = a b
|x 5| = 15
|20 5| = 15
|(10) 5| = |15| = 15
x 1 = 10
x 2 = 20
b) ( x + h + x )( x + h x ) =
= x +h x +h x + x +h x x = x +h x = h
c) ( a + b )2 ( a + b )2 = a + 2 ab + b (a + b) = 2 ab
1156
a)
a / b a / b = (a / b)x =
= (a/b(a/b)0,5)0,5 = (a/b)x =
= ((a a0,5)/(b b0,5))0,5 = (a1,5/b1,5)0,5 =
= a0,75/b0,75 = (a/b)x
Svar: x = 0,75.
b) a / b b / a a / b = (a / b)x =
1162
a) 3x(2x 8) = 0
6x2 24x = 0
x2 4x = 0
x(x 4) = 0
En av faktorerna i V.L. skall bli 0. Drfr r:
x1 = 0
x2 = 4
= (a/b((b/a((a/b) 0,5)0,5)0,5 =
b) x2 + 10x = 0
= ((a/b)(a/b)(a/b))0,125=(a3/b3)0,125 = (a/b)0,375
x(x + 10) = 0
Svar: x = 0,375
1161
a) 3x + 2 = 5x 3
2 + 3 = 5x 3x
5 = 2x
c) (z 4)2 = 64
z2 8z + 16 = 64
z2 8z 48 = 0
x = 2,5
z =8 / 2 (8 / 2)2 + 48 =4 8
b) 3x2 = 15
d) x2 + 8x 9 = 0
x = 15/3
x =8 / 2 (8 / 2)2 + 9 =4 5
x= 5
c) x(x + 5) = 0
1163
a) 3x2 18 = x2
x1 = 0
2x2 18 = 0
x 2 = 5
x2 9 = 0
d) x2 4x + 3 = 0
x = 4 / 2 (4 / 2)2 3 = 2 1
x2 = 9
x1 = 3
x 2 = 3
b) (z 1)(z 2) = (z 3)(z 4)
z2 3z + 2 = z2 7z + 12
4z = 10
z = 10/4 = 2,5
c) 8x2 8x + 2 = 0
x2 x + 0,25 = 0
x=
1 / 2 (1 / 2)2 0,25 =0,5 0
1164
2
1167
a) 2t + 40t + 34 = 0
a) 100 = 15 4 + (a42)/2
t2 + 20x + 17
8a + 60 = 100
t=
(20 / 2) (20 / 2)2 17 =
10 83
a = 40/8 = 5
Svar: Accelerationen r 5,0 m/s.
b) 3x2 + 12x 36 = 0
x2 + 4x 12 = 0
x =
( 4 / 2) (4 / 2)2 + 12 =2 4
c) (x + 3)(x 2) = 7
t=
7,5 / 2 (7,5 / 2)2 + 50 =
3,75 8
x2 + x 6 = 7
x2 + x 13 = 0
x=
(1 / 2) (1 / 2)2 + 13 =
0,5 13,25
1168
1165
a) 4(x + 7)2 = 36
b) 4x2 = 2x
1169
x1 = 0
2x 2x = 2x
2x = 1
x 2 = 1/2 = 0,5
c) (x + 3)(x 4)(2x + 1) = 0
Svar: x 1 = 3, x 2 = 4, x 3 = 1/2 = 0,5.
Negativa x frkastas.
1166
(x + 2)2 x2 = 14
x2 + 4x + 4 x2 = 14
4x = 10
x = 2,5
Svar: Tal 1 = 2,5 och Tal 2 = 4,5
1170
1173
a) x 4x = 0
a) x2(x + 1) 64(x + 1) = 0
x(x2 4) = 0
x 1 = 1
x1 = 0
x2(x + 1) = 64(x + 1)
x2 4 = (x + 2)(x 2) = 0
x2 = 64
x2 = 2
x 2 = 8, x 3 = 8
x 3 = 2
Svar: x 1 = 0, x 2 = 2, x 3 = 2
3
b) x 8x + 15x = 0
x2(x 3) = 2(x 3) = 0
x(x2 8x + 15) = 0
x2 = 2
x1 = 0
x2 =
2 , x3 = 2
x 8x + 15 = 0
x=
8 / 2 (8 / 2)2 15 = 4 1
x2 = 3
1174
4x2 (2 k)2 = 0
x3 = 5
Svar: x 1 = 0, x 2 = 3, x 3 = 5
4x2 = (2 k)2
(2x)2 = (2 k)2
x 1 = 1 0,5k
x x 4x + 4 = 0
(x2 4)(x 1) = 0
1178
x2 4 = 0
a) x4 2x2 8 = 0
x 1 = 2, x 2 = 2
x2 = t
x1=0
t2 2t 8 = 0
x3 = 1
Svar: x 1 = 2, x 2 = 2, x 3 = 1
t =2 / 2 (2 / 2)2 + 8 =1 3
1171
x 1 = 2, x 2 = 2
22(4 2 + 5a) = 0
32 + 20a = 0
b) x4 2x2 3 = 0
a = 32/20 = 1,6
x2 = t
t2 2t 3 = 0
1172
t =2 / 2 (2 / 2)2 + 3 =1 2
t= 3= x 2
25(x2 + 14 100) = 0
x1 = 3 , x2 = 3
x=
14 / 2 (14 / 2) + 100 = 7 149
x 1 5,2
x 2 19,2
D antalet minuter inte kan vara negativt frkastas x 2 .
Svar: Cirka 5,2 minuter.
1179
1182
2
a) (x + 4) 16(x + 4) + 63 = 0
a) 13 x =x + 36
x2 + 8x + 16 16x 64 + 63 = 0
x 8x + 15 = 0
x =8 / 2 (8 / 2)2 15 =4 1
x 1 = 3, x 2 = 5
x2 97x + 1296 = 0
x =97 / 2 (97 / 2)2 1296 =48,5 32,5
13 81 = 81 + 36
13 16 = 16 + 36
x4 + 10x2 + 25 15x2 75 + 54 = 0
x4 5x2 + 4 = 0
b) x =t
x2 = t
13t = t2 + 36
t2 5t + 4 = 0
t2 13t + 36 = 0
t 1 = 1, t 2 = 4
t 1 = 9, t 2 = 4
x 1 = 1, x 2 = 1, x 3 = 2, x 4 = 2
x 1 = 92 = 81, x 2 = 42 = 16
1180
1183
a)
a) x2(x + 1) 64(x + 1) = 0
x +2 =
x
x 1 = 1
( x + 2)2 =
x2
x2(x + 1) = 64(x + 1)
x2 x 2 = 0
x2 = 64
x 2 = 8, x 3 = 8
b) 3 x 2 + 2 x =
0
c) 2 + 2 =
2,
1 + 2 1
d) Svar: x = 2
3x 2 = 2 x
3x 2 = 4 4x + x2
x2 7x + 6 = 0
1181
x4 14x2 + 44 = 0
x2 = t
t2 14t + 44 = 0
t=
14 / 2 (14 / 2)2 44 =
7 5
x 7 + 5 3,04
x 7 5 2,18
b) x4 6x2 1 = 0
x2 = t
t2 6t 1 = 0
t = 6 / 2 (6 / 2)2 + 1 = 3 10
1184
1189
a) x 5 x + 4 =
0
x +4=
5 x
x = (( x + 4) / 5) = ( x + 8 x + 16) / 25
c) 81x2 16y2 = (9x 4y)(9x + 4y) m.h.a. konjugatregeln.
x2 17x + 16 = 0
x = (17 / 2) (17 / 2)2 16 = 8,5 7,5
b) (x +1) 27 x + 1 +170 = 0
1190
x + 171 = 27 x + 1
x +1 = ((x + 171)/27)2 = (x2 + 342x + 29 241)/729
729x + 729 = x2 + 342x + 29 241
x2 387x + 28 512 = 0
x =(387 / 2) (387 / 2)2 28 512 =193,5 94,5
c)(x + 2x 3) + 2(x + 2x 3) 3 = 0
(x2 + 2x 3)2 =
= x4 + 2x3 3x2 + 2x3 + 4x2 6x 3x2 6x + 9 =
= x4 + 4x3 6x2 12x + 9
x4 + 4x3 6x2 12x + 9 +2x2 + 4x 6 3 =
= x4 + 4x3 4x2 8x
x4 + 4x3 4x2 8x = 0
1191
f(x) = x2 12x + 35
Ledtrd: Nollstllen r 5 och 7.
M.h.a. kvadreringsregeln: x2 12x + 35 = (x 5)(x 7)
x(x3 + 4x2 4x 8) = 0
x1 = 0
2(x2 + 2x 3) 3 = (x2 + 2x 3)2
2 3 = 3 x2 2x
1192
a) p(x) = x2 10x + 16
M.h.a. Kvadreringsregeln:
x2 + 2x 4 = 0
x =2 / 2 (2 / 2) + 4 =1 5
x 2 = 1 + 5
x 3 = 1 5
b) p(x) = x2 5x + 6
M.h.a. Kvadreringsregeln:
p(x) = x2 5x + 16 = (x 2)(x 3)
1193
x 4 = 2
Svar: x 1 = 0, x 2 = 1+ 5 , x 3 = 1 5 , x 4 = 2
M.h.a. kvadreringsregeln:
h(x) = 4x2 24x + 32 = 4(x2 6x + 8) = 4(x 4)(x 2)
b) p(z) = 6 + 3z 3z2 = 3(z2 z 2) = 3(z + 1)(z 2)
1188
a) 5x + 25x3 = 5x(5x2 + 1)
b) 4h + 8h + 12 = 4(h + 2h + 3)
c) 24h + 4h2 = 4h(6 + h)
1194
p(x) = 3x2 24x + 21 = 3(x2 8x + 7) = 3(x 1)(x 7)
d) 6hx + 3h x = 3hx(2 + h)
1205
1195
Svar: Till exempel: r(x)= (x 20)(x + 10) eller
Svar: Hon fr error p.g.a. att division med noll inte r tilltet
1206
1196
2
b) h(x) = 4x + 4x + 4 = 4(x + x + 1)
c) p(x) = 3x2 2x + 1 = 1(3x2 + 2x 1) =
= (3x 1)(x +1)
x(2x + 10)
x1 = 0
x 2 = 5
b) 2x2 + 10 = 0
1197
(0 1)(0 4) = 4
4 y = 2
y = 0,5
vilket ger polynomet: p(x) = 0,5(x 1)(x 4)
p(6) = 0,5(6 1)(6 4) = 5
Svar: p(0) p(6).
x2 5
Svar: Uttrycket r definierat fr alla vrden p x.
c) 2x2 + 10x + 12 = 0
x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
x=
5 / 2 (5 / 2)2 6 =
2,5 0,5
d) 2x3 50x = 0
x(2x2 50) = 0
1198
(x + 3)(x 1)(x 5) = (x2 + 2x 3)(x 5) =
x1 = 0
x2 25 = 0
x2 = 5
Svar: a = 3, b = 13 och c = 15
x 3 = 5
1199
p(x) = x2 (a + b)x + ab
x2 (a + b)x + ab = (x a)(x b)
Svar: Nollstllena r a och b.
1207
a) Svar: T ex: 12/(x 7)
b) Svar: T ex: (x 7)/3
c) Svar: T ex: 3/(x2 9)
1203
a) (5 + 7)/(2 5 8) = 12/2 = 6
b) 8/2 = 4
1208
Svar: x = 4
1204
a) (22 + 3 2 2)/(3 2 + 6) = 8/12 = 2/3
b) D nmnaren = 0 d.v.s. x = 6/3 = 2.
c) G(3) = (32 + 3 3 2)/(3 3 + 6) = 2/3 = 2/3
G(2) = 2/3
Svar: Nej det r inte sant d G(3) = G(2).
1219
1209
3
10 2,1544
30,3426/14,0833 2,1545
2,1544 2,1545 = 0,001
Svar: Skillnaden r ca 0,001 allts mindre nra n i a.
1220
Svar: D uttrycket (2x + y)/(x + y) inte har gemensamma
faktorer i tljare och nmnare.
1215
a) 3x/7 = 6x/14
1221
b) 4/x = 8/2x
c) (x + 3)/7 = 2(x + 3) / 7 2 = (2x + 6)/14
d) (x 3)/x = 2(x 3)/2x = (2x 6)/2x
1216
a) 2/x = (2 15)/15x = 30/15x
b) 2/3x = (5 2)/(3x 5) = 10/15x
a) 28xy/7y = 4x
35x 4x = 140x2
b) (10x + 5)/5 = 2x + 1
(4x + 2)/(2x + 1) = 2
c) 3ax/3 = ax
(ax2 + a2x)/ax = x + a
1222
a) (6 92 8 9)/(9 9 12) = 6
1217
1223
1224
a) (6x2 48x)/y = 2
1218
a) 10/(5x + 15) = (10/5)/((5x + 15)/5)= 2/(x + 3)
b) (2x 4)/(6x + 8) = (x 2)/(3x + 4)
c) 2x/(5x + x2) = x(2)/x(5 + x) = 2/(5 + x)
d) (x2 + 4x)/(x2 + 3x) = (x(x + 4))/(x(x + 3)) =
= (x + 4)/(x + 3)
1226
1232
1234
2
1228
a) (6 + 2x)/(9 x2) = (2(3 + x))/(3 + x)(3 x) = 2/(3 x)
1236
b) (5x2 5)/(x 1) = 5((x 1)(x + 1))/(x 1) = 5(x + 1)
c) (x2 + 2x + 1)/(x + 1) = (x + 1)2/(x + 1) = x + 1
1229
a) (4x2 4x)/(8x2 16x + 8) = 4(x2 x))/(4(2x2 4x + 2)=
= (x2 x)/(2x2 4x + 2) = x(x 1)/(2(x 1)(x 1) =
= x/(2x 2)
1230
(9 x2)/(3 x) = (3 + x)(3 x)/(3 x) = 3 + x
3 + 2,999 = 5,999
1238
a) (2a 1 )2/(1 2a) = (4a2 4a + 1)/(1 2a)
1231
23+1
= (10/(5 + a))
1239
1246
1240
a) ((x + 1)/(1 + x))2 = (x + 1)(1 + x)/(1 + x)(x + 1) = 1
b) ((b a)/(a b))2 = ((b a)(a b))/((a b)(b a)) = 1
1247
a) 1/a + 3/a = 4/a
b) 3/4 + 1/4x = 3x/4x + 1/4x = (3x + 1)/4x
c) 2/x + 1/2x = 4/2x + 1/2x = 5/2x
1241
a) (4x2 4x + 1)/(5x 10x2) = (2x 1)2/1(10x2 5x) =
= (2x 1)2/(5x(2x 1) = (1 2x)/5x
b) (12 2x)2/(x2 12x + 36) =
= (144 48x + 4x2)/ x2 12x + 36) =
= 4(36 12x + x2)/(x2 12x + 36) = 4
c) (2x3 8x)/(4x2 2x3) = (2x(x2 4))/(2x(2x x2) =
= (x2 4)/(2x x2) = (x 2)(x + 2)/x(x 2) = (x + 2)/x
d) (1 x2)/(x 1)2 = 1(x2 1)/(x 1)2 =
= 1(x 1)(x + 1)/(x 1)2 = (1 + x)/( 1 x)
1248
a) x/2 x/5 = 5x/10 2x/10 = 3x/10 = 6
x = 60/3 = 20
b) x/3 + x/6 = 2 = 2x/6 + x/6 = 3x/6
x = 12/3 = 4
c) y/6 y/8 = 5 = 4y/24 3y/24 = y/24
y = 5 24 = 120
d) x/3 2 = x/4
1242
a) (4 2x)/(x 2) = 2(x 2)/(x 2) = 2
b) (4 2x)2/(x 2) = (16 16x + 4x2)/(x 2) =
x/3 x/4 = 2
4x/12 3x/12 = 2
x = 2 12 = 24
1249
a) (3x 5)/4 + (9 2x)/3 = 2 =
1250
= 32(x 2) (4 2x)/(x 2) =
= 64(x 2)6/(x 2)= 64(x 2)5
1251
1254
a) 4 3 = 1
= 2 + 2(x 2)/3 = x 3 =
1/4 = 25%
= 6 + 2x 4 = 3x 9
Svar: 25 %
x = 11
b) Svar: 1/3
b) 3/x + 1/5x = 1
15/5x + 1/5x = 1
16 = 5x
x = 16/5 = 3,2
c) 4/x + 3 = x
4 + 3x = x2
x2 3x 4 = 0
x = 3 / 2 (3 / 2)2 + 4 = 1,5 2,5
1252
c) Svar: 1/x
d)1/4 + 1/x = 1/3
e) 1 + 4/x = 4/3
3 + 12/x = 4
3x + 12 = 4x
x = 12
Svar: Det tar 12 h fr My att klippa grsmattan sjlv.
1257
1/x (x + 1)/2x
9y 15 = 36 8y
y = 51/17 = 3
1258
a) 6/x 5 = x
6 5x = x2
x=
1 680 / 2 (1 680 / 2)2 270000 =
840 660
x2 + 5x 6 = 0
x 1 = 180
x=
5 / 2 (5 / 2)2 + 6 =
2,5 3,5
x 2 = 1 500
b) (y 3)/y (y + 2)/4 = 0
4(y 3) = y(y + 2)
4y 12 = y2 + 2y
y2 2y + 12 = 0
Svar: Ekvationen saknar lsning d pq-formeln skall gras
och en rot ur ett negativt tal inte kan berknas.
1259
1263
a) x/(x + 4) + 1 = 16/x + 4
6/x + 3/(x + 2) = 2
x + x + 4 = 16
6 + 3x/(x + 2) = 2x
x = (16 4)/2 = 6
6x + 12 + 3x = 2x2 + 4x
2x2 5x 12 = 0
b) (t + 1)/(t 2) = 3/(t 2) + 5
(t + 1 3)/(t 2) 5
x2 2,5x 6 = 0
x= 2,5 / 2 (2,5 / 2)2 + 6= 1,25 2,75
1264
y2 + y 6 = 0
y=
1 / 2 (1 / 2)2 + 6 =
0,5 2,5
x2 = 4
a =1
1260
t2 9t + 14 = 0
a) y = x/(x + 12) d
y = 4/(4 + 12) 6 = 1,5
Svar: a = 1, t 2 = 7.
1265
0,5x + 6 = x
x = 6/0,5 = 12
a) x/(x 2) 3/x = 1
x2/(x 2) 3 = x
x = (x + 3)(x 2) = x 2x + 3x 6
x=6
1 = (x x2)/x = 1 x
1262
(1 + x 5 + x)/(x2 4) = (2x 4)/(x2 4) =
= 2(x 2)/((x 2)(x + 2)) = 2/(x + 2)
= 2/(a + 3)
1272
1266
3
(a + 1)/(a + 1) a =
a) 2 5/7 = 10/7
1268
a) 2/3 5/9 = (2 5)/(3 9) = 10/27
b) 6 1/18 = 6/18 = 1/3
c) 7/2 2/21 = (7 2)/(5 21) = 14/105 = 2/15
d) 4/9 3/20 = (4 3)/(9 20) = 12/180 = 1/15
1269
a) (3/4)/(4/7) = (3 7)/(4 4) = 21/16
b) 4/(16/3) = (16/4) (3/16) =3/4
c) 16/3/4 =16/4/3 = 4/3
d) (5/6)/(7/3) = (5 3)/(6 7) = 15/42 = 5/14
1270
a) 4a/5 1/2a = 4a/10a = 2/5
b) 6x/7 14/3x = 84x/21x = 4
c) 3x 5/12x = 15x/12x = 5/4
d) 1/9x 3x2/10 = 3x2/90x = x2/30x = x/30
1271
a) 2a/3b 12/a = (2a 12)/3ab = 24a/3ab = 8/b
b) 5 (2x + 3)/2x = (10x + 15)/2x
c) (a + 3)/5a 10/(a + 3) = (10a + 30)/(5a2 + 15a) =
= (2a + 6)/(a2 + 3a) = (2(a + 3))/(a(a + 3)) = 2/a
d) 5x (2x 3)/2x = (10x2 15x)/2x = (10x 15)/2
b) 2(a + b) = 2a + 2b
c) 2(2a/3b) = 4a/3b
d) 2(x + 1)/4 = (x + 1)/2
1273
a) (x/4)/(x/8) = 8x/4x = 2
b) (4a/5)/(2a2/15) = 60a/10a2 = 6/a
c) (81/9)/(3x/28) = (81 28)/27x = 84/x
d) (12/5z)/ (441/21) = (12 21)/(441 5z) = 4/35z
1274
a) 5/7/3 = 5/21
b) (a + 3)/3
c) 2a/3b/3 = 2a/9b
d) (x + 1)/4/3 = (x + 1)/12
1275
a) xy/6 xy/3 = x2y2/18
b) ab/3c 2c/ab = 2abc/3abc = 2/3
c) (xy/6)/(xy/3) = 3xy/6xy = 1/2
d) (ab/3c)/(2c/ab) = a2b2/6c2
1276
xy/(y/x) = (xy/1)/(y/x) = (xy x)/(1 y) = x2
b) y/x/xy = y/x2y = 1/x2
c) (1/ab)/(a/b) = b/a2b = 1/a2
d) (a/1)/(a/b) = ab/a = b
1277
1281
2
2 2
= (4a2 2a)/(16a2 4) =
= a/(a + 2)
c) ((x y)(x2 4y2))/((x + 2y)(x2 xy)) =
= (x2 4y2)/(x(x + 2y)) =
= (x + 2y)(x 2y)/(x(x + 2y)) =
= (x 2y)/x
1282
a) ((1/z) (1/x))/((z/1) (x/1)) =
= ((x/zx) (z/zx))/((z2x/zx) (x2z/zx)) =
= ((x z)/xz)/(z2x x2z/zx) =
= (x z)/(z2x x2z) =
= 1(z x)/((z x)zx) =
= 1/zx
1279
a) ((a + 3)/b)/((a2 9)/1) = (a + 3)/(a + 3)(a 3)b =
= 1/(ab 3b)
1280
a) 9/15a a2/15a = (9 a2)/15a
15/15a (5a/15a) = (15 5a)/15a
((9 a2)/15a)/((15 5a)/15a) =
= 9 a2/15 5a=
= ((3 + a)(3 a))/5(3 a) =
= (3 + a)/5
1283
f(x) = ax/(2x + 3)
f(f(x)) = a(ax/(2x + 3))/2(ax/(2x + 3)) + 3 = x
f(f(x)) = a2x/(2ax + 3(2x + 3)) = x
f(f(x)) = a2 x /(2ax + 6x + 9) = x
f(f(x)) = a2 x/(2x(a + 3) + 9) = x
Svar: Ja det gr om a = 3.
1302
1307
a) 3(a + 1) 2 = 3a + 3 2 = 3a + 1
b) 3(a + h) 2 = 3a + 3h 2
= (h2 + 7h)/h = h + 7
b) ((x + h)2 + 3(x + h) x2 3x)/h =
1303
a) (a 2)2 3 = a2 4a + 4 3 = a2 4a + 1
= (2xh + h2 + 3h)/h = 2x + h + 3
b) (a + 2)2 3 = a2 + 4a + 4 3 = a2 + 4a + 1
1308
1304
a) (2)2 + 2(2) + a = 8 + a
b) 12 = 2(1,0001) + a
eller halvdagar.
a1
Svar: a = 1 eftersom funktionsvrdena d x = 1 och d x r
1305
1311
(3 2) /(1 (1)) = 1/2
Svar: Lutningen r 0,5.
1312
a) y = 4x (4 3) 2 = 4x 14
b) 2 = 3 3 + m
m=7
Svar: y = 3x + 7
1306
a)
1313
1317
a)
a) 212 68 = 144
100 20 = 80
144 /80 = 1,8
68 (20 1,8) = 32
Svar: y = 1,8x + 32.
b) Svar: 32 F.
1318
a) Svar: En parallell linje har samma lutning men korsar
y-axeln vid en annan punkt, s till exempel y = 5x + 1.
b)
b) 2y 6x + 12 = 0
y = 3x 6
Svar: Till exempel y = 3x 10.
1319
a) 1/2 = 0,5 = linjens lutning
Linjen korsar y-axeln vid 3.
Svar: y = 0,5x + 3.
b) 1/1= linjens lutning
1314
Svar: y = x.
befolkningsmngden 15 000.
c) 2/3 = linjens lutning
b) Svar: k-vrdet innebr att befolkningen minskade med
Svar: y = 2/3x + 2.
d)) 3/1 = 3 = linjens lutning
1315
Svar: y = 3x + 11.
1 (3 2) = 5 = m-vrde
Svar: y = 2x 5
1320
a) 200 (200/8 5) = 75
1316
(10 8)/ (5 2) = 2/3
8 2 2/3 = 6,67
Svar: 3y 2x 20 = 0
1321
1328
a) Svar: y = x 3
b) 2 k = 1
k = 0,5
Svar: y = 0,5x 4,5
1322
x(x 4) = 0
x1 = 0
x2 = 4
b+1=5
b=4
Svar: B = (4,16)
1329
Svar: Man kan avgra det p om x2-termen r positiv eller
negativ.
1323
f(x + x) f(x)/x = a(x + x) + b (ax + b) = a
Svar: Linjen har lutningen a.
1330
a)Nollstllen: x =4 / 2 (4 / 2)2 3 =2 1
Minimipunkt: x-vrde = 2
1324
y-vrde = 22 + 4(2) + 3 = 1
f(a + 1) = a + 2
f(0) = 1
b) Nollstllen: x =2 / 2 (2 / 2)2 + 5 =1 6
Minimipunkt: x-vrde = 1
y-vrde = 2(1)2 4(1) 10 = 12
1327
a) Svar: Kurvan har en maximipunkt d x2-termen r
negativ.
b) 6x x2 = 0
x(6 x) = 0
x1 = 0
x2 = 6
c) x = 6/2 = 3 Svar: Kurvans symmetrilinje r 3.
c) Nollstllen: x = 8 / 2 (8 / 2)2 + 9 = 4 5
Maximipunkt: x-vrde = 4
y-vrde = 16 + 32 + 9 = 25
d) Nollstllen: Saknas.
Maximipunkt: x-vrde: 1,5
y-vrde: 2(1,5)2 6(1,5) 6 = 1,5
1331
d) 6 0 = 6
2 (1) = 3
6/2 = 3
1 3 = 4
6 3 32 = 9
Svar: x = 4.
Svar: (3, 9)
e) x = 0 ger y = 0
Svar: (0, 0)
1335
1332
2
a) f(x) = 3x 3x + 6
y = 3(0)2 3(0) + 6 = 6
x2 x + 2 = 0
x=
1 / 2 (1 / 2)2 + 2 =
0,5 1,5
1336
3 (1) = 4
b) f(x) = x2 + 4
f(1) = 3
y = (0)2 + 4 = 4
f(3) = 5
x2 + 4 = 0
5 ( 3) = 8
k-vrde: 8/4 = 2
m-vrde: 5 (3 2) = 5 6 = 1
Svar: y = 2x 1
c) y = 10(0) (0)2 = 0
2
10x x = 0
x(10 x) = 0
Svar: Skr y-axeln d y = 0 och skr x-axeln d x = 0 och d
x = 10.
1337
a) y = (x 2)2 + 4 = x2 4x + 8
4/2 = 2
d) y = (x 4)(x + 1) = x 3x 4
y = (0)2 3(0) 4 = 4
1338
Nollstllena 10 och 20 ger en symmetrilinje x = 5
25 + c =
15
1333
a) Med nollstllena 1 och 3 blir symmetrilinjen 1, vilket ger
en x-term p 2.
1+ c =
2
25 + c = 152 = 225
c = 200
Svar: Till exempel y = x2 10x 200 eller
y = 2(x + 10)(x 20)
c=3
Svar: Till exempel y = x2 2x 3
1339
b) Med nollstllena 10 och 0 blir symmetrilinjen 5, vilket
y = (x 1)(x 8)= x2 9x + 8
8z=4
z = 0,5
Svar: y = 0,5(x 1)(x 8)
1334
a) Lses enklast grafiskt och det ger att f(0) = 3.
b) Lses enklast grafiskt och de ger att 1 < x < 3
c) f(x) = (x a)(x b)
a och b r nollstllena d.v.s. a = 1 och b = 3
f(x) = (x 1)(x 3) = x2 + 4x 3
d) Svar: Till exempel g(x) = x
1344
1340
s(100) = a(100) + 100b = 90
nedan gras:
s(v) = v(av + b)
(b / 2a)2 (c / a) =
0
100(100a + b) = 90
b2/4a2 c/a = 0
100a + b = 0,9
b2 = 4ac
b = 0,9 100a
Svar: b2 = 4ac
1347
1348
1341
a) s(2,5) = 0,75 + 18(2,5) 4,9(2,5)2 = 15,125
Svar: Efter 2,5 sek r bollen 15,125 meter upp I luften.
a) x =
8 =2
b) 2x5 = 24
b) 18/4,9 3,673
x5 = 12
3,673/2 1,837
x=
12 1,64
1342
a) f(x) = k(x 1)(x 4)
f(0) = k(0 1)(0 4) = 2
k = 2/4 = 0,5
Svar: y = 0,5(x 1)(x 4) och
y = 0,5x2 + 2,5x 2
1349
a) Svar: y = 80 000 000 1,05x.
b) Svar: y = 80 000 000 0,95x.
b) y = k(x + 2)(x 6)
k(0 + 2)(0 6) = 18
1350
k = 18/12 = 1,5
y = 1,5x2 6x 18
b) 200 000 1,04x = 500 000
1,04x = 500 000/200 000 = 2,5
1343
Svar: Cirka 23 h.
1351
y( 1) = k(1 1)(1+ 3) = 8
x20 = 3
k = 8/4 = 2
x=
Svar: 2(x + 2x 3)
20
3 1,056
1357
1352
3
100 x = 50
f(0) = C a0 = 2
x3 = 0,5
C=2
x = 3 0,5 0,7937
f(1) = 2 a1 = 3
a = 1,5
f(2) = 2 1,52 = 4,5
Svar: f(2) = 4,5.
1353
a) y = 1013 0,8870 = 1 013
Svar: 1 013 mbar.
1358
a) 0,037 68(480 250)1,85 881,67
Svar: 11,3 %.
1 minut = 6 107 s
a) C
b) A och B
c) D
1360
1355
y = C ax
f(0) = 5
C=5
4 = 5 a1
a = 4/5 = 0,8
Svar: y = 5 0,8x.
1361
y = f(x) = C ax
f(0) = 400
1356
40 0,9224 5,407
5,407/40 0,135
Svar: Cirka 86,5 %.
C = 400
200 = 400 a1
a = 200/400 = 0,5
y = 400 0,5x
f(2) = 400 0,52 = 1600
Svar: f(2) = 1 600
1362
1366
0,18
a) (2x + 1)/(2x 1) = 6
100 = 18,9 x
x = (100/18,9)1/0,18 10 463
(2x + 1) = 6 (2x 1)
2
2x = 6(2x) + 5
2x + 6(2x) = 5
2x(1 + 6) = 5
1363
5 x24 = 2,5
x=
24
0,5 0,9715
2x = 5/7
x ln 2 = ln (5/7)
x = ln(5/7)/ln 2 0,4854
5 0,9715 = 1,5
0,9715x = 0,3
b) xlg x = x3/100
= lg(xlg x) = lg(x3/100)
Svar: Cirka 42 h.
lg x lg x = lg x3 lg 100 =
(lg x)2 = 3 lg x 2
(lg x)2 3lg x + 2 = 0
1364
lg x = t
a) 100 x8 = 50
t2 3t + 2 = 0
x8 = 0,5
x = 0,51/8 0,917
100 0,917x = 1
0,917x = 0,01
x = ln 0,01/ln 0,917 = 53,14
Svar: Cirka 53 dygn.
b) 100 x30,2 = 50
x30,2 = 0,5
x = 0,51/30,2 0,9773
100 0,9773x = 1
0,9773x = 0,01
x = ln 0,01/ln 0,9773 200,56
Svar: Cirka 201 r.
1365
f(1) = 20
f(8) = 40
(1, 20)(8, 40)
20 = C 1a
C = 20/1a
40 = 20/1a 8a
40 1a = 20 8a
2 1a = 8a
8a = 2
a = 1/3
C = 20/11/3 = 20
Svar: C = 20 och a = 1/3.
lg x 1 = 1, x 1 = 10
lg x 2 = 2, x 2 = 100
Svar: x 1 = 10 och x 2 = 100.