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tcef; (1)
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olUtazu ausmif;qufxm;csifw,f/ jzpfEkdif&ifolUom;ukd 0wfvkHjzpfap
cskifw,f?tJ'gaMumifh &efukefo&ufawmausmif;wkdufxJrSm
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tcef;(3)
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(C)
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tawmf&,fp&maumif;w,f/ armifEk&JUtjzpftysuftawmfrsm;rsm;eJU wlvGef;vkdU
armifEkaumvdyfpmNunfhcef;xJrSm tdajE´rq,fEkdifbl;/ wcdcd w0g;0g;eJU
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tpm;pm;aewJhacG;av; waumifudk twif;vSdrfhNyD; udkufaewm armifEk
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armifEk&JUa'go[m rajyao;bl; acG;uav;udk tEkdifusifhNyD; olUtpmvkpm;rJh
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wa,mufeJU wa,muf rawGU&awmhbl;/
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tcef; 5
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armifEkwkdUoGm;wJhtcg/ aqGrsKd;awGqDudk tvnfoGm;ovdkyJ [dktdrfwufpm;
'Dtdrfwufpm;eJU avQmufpm;MuwmbJ? wnrSm u&ifrdwfaqGwOD;[m
a&Tz&kHoD;/ ig;ajcmufeJUbJOa&mcsufNyD; auR;vdkufwJh[if;[m t&om&dSvGef;vkdU
ESpfaygif;ig;q,fausmfvmwmawmif OD;Ek[m 'D[if;udkrarhbl;/
wcgwcgowd&ao;w,f? u&ifrdwfaqGawG[m tvnfvmwkef; auR;arG;&kH
wif ruao;bl;? jyefwJhtcgrSmvJ iSufaysmckdif/ ig;&HUajcmuf/ Al;oD;/ z&kHoD;/
rHkUqef; tp&dSwmawGudk/ avSxJrSm wyHkMuD;xnfhay;vdkufwmbJ? 'gayrJh
u&ifawG[m ADZtm;jzifh odyfat;wJhvlrsKd;jzpfwJhtwdkif; 0g;c,frudkvmwJhtcg
jyefNyD;jyKpkcsifvdkU armifEkwkdUu tdrfudkzdwfwm b,fawmhrSrvmbl;?
olwkdU0,fp&m/ csrf;p&m vkyfp&mudkifp&mawG NyD;&if/ wdwfwdwfuav;
armifEkwdkUudk todray;bJ jyefoGm;MuwmbJ? olwkdUuom NyKpkcsifw,f/
ay;urf;csifw,f? olwkdUaMumifh wzufom;rSm tvkyfrsm;rSm
taESmuft,SufjzpfrSmudk olwkdUodyfa&Smifw,f? aemufwMudrfolwkdU&Gmudk
tvnfoGm;awmhrS olwkdUNudKufwwfwJh vufaqmifypfpnf;awGudk armifEkwdkU
,loGm;NyD;olwkdUudkay;&w,f?
'Dvkdu&if-Armcspf=unfa&; om"uawG[m 'kwd, urmppfMuD; rjzpfrDSu
wEdkifiHvHk;rSm tESHUtjym; &dSaew,fqkdwm b,folrS rjiif;Edkifbl;?
tckvkdaumif;aewJh u&if-ArmcspfMunfa&;[m b,fhES,faMumifh
ysufoGm;&wmvJ? 'DtaMumif;udk tck&Sif;jyygawmhr,f?
1942ckESpf t*Fvdyftpdk;&uvnf; ArmEdkifiHuqkwfcGmp *syefppfwyfuvnf;
ArmwEdkifiHvHk;udk rodrf;&ao;cif pyful;rwful;tcsdeftwGif; ArmwEdkifiHvHk;rSm
ArmwcsKdU[m ArmhvGwfvyfa&;wyfawGudk zGJUpnf;Muw,f? 'DwyfawGudk
bDtkdifatvdkUac:w,f? ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;rSm 'D (bDtdkifat)awG[m
jynfolvkxkqDu aoewf/ aiG/ armfawmfum;/ vuf0wfvufpm; tp&dSwJh
tzdk;wefypfpnf;awGudk avQmufodrf;Muw,f? ajrmif;jr c&kdiftwGif;u
bDtkdifatawG[m u&ifawGqDu aoewfawGudk odrf;&atmifvmwJhtcg
u&ifawGu olwkdUaoewfudk ray;Mubl; tJ'Dtcsdef[m
rif;rJhwkdif;jynfjzpfaewJhtcsdef tJ'Dawmh u&ifawG[m 'D bDtkdifattzGJUawGudk
olwkdU&JU aoewfb,ftyfrvJ? tJ'DrtyfwJhtcg wcsKdUae&mawGrSm bDtkdifateJY
u&ifawGwdkufyGJjzpfMuw,f? wkdufyGJawG[m ajrmif;jrc&dkifu ykodrfc&kdifudkul;
ykodrfc&dkifu rtlyifc&kdifudkul;NyD; u&if-Arm&dSwJh ae&mawGudk
jyefUxGufoGm;w,f? tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; u&ifeJUArmwkdufvdkufMuwm
u&iftm;aumif;wJh ae&mawGrSm ArmawGuem? Armtm;aumif;wJhae&mawGrSm
u&ifawGuemMuNyD; u&ifeJUArmESpfaygif;rsm;pGm wnfaqmufvmcJhMuwJh
u&ifArmcspfMunfa&; AdrmefMuD;[m NydKusvkeD;eD; txd ysufpD;oGm;cJhMu&w,f?
tckvdkA&rf;AwmawG jzpfaewJhtcsdefwkef;u ocifEk[m ref'av;axmifxJrSm
&dSaeao;w,f? 'Dowif;awGeJU ywfoufNyD; bmqdkbmrS rMum;&bl;?
ref;'av;axmifu vGwfNyD;wJhaemuf udkausmfNidrf;/ udkomcif/ ukdodef;az/
tp&dSwJh ajratmufawmfvSefa&;orm;awGeJUawGUNyD;/ ppfudkif;eJUref;'av;rSm
ocifEk[m tawmfMumMum vkdufaeao;w,f? &efukefudk
ocifEkjyefa&mufcJhwJhtcsdefrSm u&if-Arm y#dyuawG[m tawmfav;
ajcvGefvufvGef jzpfukefNyD/
a'gufwmAarmf acgif;aqmifwJh tkyfcsKyfa&; aumfrwDudk zGJUNyD;wJhtcg
aumfrwDtaeeJU zdwfMum;vdkufwJhtwGuf u&ifacgif;aqmifMuD; a'gufwmpHpDzkd;
tp&dSwJh u&ifacgif;aqmifwcsKdU &efukefudk a&mufvmMuw,f? a'gufwmAarmf?
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;? ocifjr? ocifoef;xGef;? ocifEk tp&dSwJh Arm
acgif;aqmifawG[m tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU0ifawGtjzpfeJUa&m?
EkdifiHa&;orm;awGtjzpfeJUa&m u&ifacgif;aqmif awGudk c&D;OD;MudKjyKMuw,f?
{nfhcHauR;arG;Muw,f? tMudrftawmfrsm;rsm; aqG;aEG;Muw,f? tJ'Daemuf
u&if-Armjy?emudk qufvufajz&Sif;wJhtaeeJU ocifEkacgif;aqmifwJh
tzGJU0ifwpk[m jrpf0uRef;ay:&dS u&if-Arma'oawGudkoGm;NyD; u&if-
ArmcspfMunfa&;w&m;awGudk a[mMuw,f? ppfMuD;rNyD;cif
wvavmuftvdkrSmawmif u&if-Arm cspfMunfa&; w&m;awGa[m&atmif
ocifEkeJU [oFmw OD;jrwkdU[m jrpf0uRef;ay:u u&if-Arm a'oawGudk
a&mufcJhMuao;w,f?
u&ifeJArm jyefcsMu&if OoQpfoD;ESpfvHk;udk udkifNyD;xkovkd ESpfzufpvHk;
emMutHk;awmhrSmbJ? &dSpkrJhpk tkd;tdrfav;awGvnf; avmifpmeJUjymyHk
jzpfukefMutHk;awmhrSmbJ? uGJ&SusKd;yJh aoausysufpD;MuwJht xJ bmrStjypfr&dSwJh
rdef;reJU uav;awGvnf; wyHkwacgif;MuD; ygukefMutHk;awmhrSmbJqdkwJh
pOf;pm;rIawG[m oloGm;av&mudk vdkufNyD;
xrif;vHk;wapajcmufovkdjzpfaewJhtwGuf 0efMuD;csKyf jzpfvmNyD;wJhaemuf
'Du&if-Arm jy?emudk ocifEkypfrxm;bl;? wwfEkdifoavmuf ajz&Sif;w,f?
apmbOD;MuD;? ref;*sdrf;xGef;atmif? q&momudk tp&dSwJh u&ifacgif;aqmifawGeJU
ocifEk[m tMudrfMudrf awGUqHkaqG;aEG; w,f? tJ'D u&ifacgif;aqmifawGudk
zdwfac:NyD; jrpf0uRef;ay:&dS u&if-Arma'oawGudk c&D;xGufMuw,f?
a&mufwJhae&mwkdif;rSm u&if-Arm temqdk;MuD;udk aysmufygapqkdwJh apwemeJU
cspfMunfa&;w&m;awG a[m Muw,f? cspfMunfa&;udk tm;ay;rJh
aygif;oif;qufqHa&;awGudk MudK;pm;NyD;vkyf<uw,f?
tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u u&if-Arm temqkd;MuD;[m? ief;ref; tawmfvkdufaeMyD
jzpfwJhtwGuf ocifEkwkdU? apmbOD;MuD;wkdU[m rMumaomwaeUwGif
pwifjzpfay:vmawmhrJh u&if-Arm t"du&kPf;awG udk rydwfyif
rwm;qD;EkdifcJhMuygbl;? 'gayrJh 'DMudK;yrf;rIawGaMumifh aemifaomtcg u&if-
Arm t"du&kPf;awG ay:vmayrJh ocifEktpdk;&[m u&ifvlxk wpdwfa'o&JU
axmufcHrIudk aumif;aumif; &&dScJhw,f? zqyveJU autif,ltzGJU(2)zGUJ[m
tzGJUtm;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif;? rltm;jzifhaomfvnf;aumif; wkdufaeMuayrJh
wcsKdUacgif;aqmiftcsif;csif; wOD;eJUwOD; em;vnf;rIawG? ,HkMunfrIawG?
cspfcifrIawGudk txl;auseyfavmufatmif &cJhMuw,f? tvsOf;oifhvkdU
'Dae&mrSm om"uwckudk xkwfaz:jycsifw,f?
tcsdefuawmh 1948ckESpf ZGefvukefavmufbJ? r*Fvm'Hku wyf&if;(3)[m
wjcrf;yJhNyD; olykefxoGm;NyD;? o&ufu wyf&if;(1) wwyfvHk;uvnf;
&efukefukdodrf;zkdU qif;vmaeNyD;? tpdk;&uvnf; tifrwefMuD;
tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfaew,f? tJ'Dvkd tcsdefrsKd;&JU aeUwaeUrSm apmbOD;MuD;wkdU
vlwpk[m 0efMuD;csKyf ocifEkeJU awGUyg&apvkdU ta&;wMuD; cGifhawmif;w,f?
0efMuD;csKyfeJUawGUwJhtcg vuf&dS tajctae&JU tef'&m,frsm;yHkudk aqG;aEG;MuNyD;
ref;*sdrf;xGef;atmifu 0efMuD;csKyfbmrS rpdk;&drfeJU? uGefjrLepfawG
&efukefNrdKUxJ0ifvm&if 0efMuD;csKyfudk vHkjcHKwJhae&mwckrSm 0Sufxm;NyD;
tumtuG,f ay;r,fvkdUajymw,f? 'DtcsdefrSm ocifEk&JUtzGJUwGif;u
vlwcsKdUawmif uGefjrLepfudk vufurf;vmMuNyD;? &JtzGJUeJU wcsKdUt&m&dSawG[m
uGefjrLepfawG &efukefxJ 0ifvm&if cHrypfMueJU? vufeufcsvkdufMuvdkU
trdefUay;xm;NyD;NyD qkdwmawmif ocifEkodae&NyD? tJ'Dvdktm;udk;&mrJh
jzpfaewJhtcsdefrsKd;rSm ocifEk[m ref;*sdrf;xGef;atmif&JU pum;udk
Mum;vkduf&wJhtcg 0rf;omvHk;qdkUoGm;w,f?
0efMuD;csKyfocifEk[m u&if-Armjy?emudk ajz&Sif;zkdUtwGuf w&m;yGJrsm;?
aqG;aEG;yGJrsm;eJUom &yfrxm;yJ u&ifjynfe,fzJGUpnf;ay;zkdUtwGuf
zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'&JU yk'fr (199)eJU/ yk'fr (200)t&
aumfolave,fedrdwf owfrSwfa&; aumfr&SiftzGJUwckudk {NyDv (6)&ufaeUrSm
zGJUpnf;ay;vkdufw,f?
atmufwkdbmv(20)&ufaeUusawmh w&m;vTwfawmfcsKyf&JU w&m;0efMuD;csKyf
a'gufwmbOD; acgif;aqmifNyD; vlrsKd;pkudk,fpm;vS,frsm; rQrQww yg0ifwJh
jynfe,fpHkprf;a&; aumfr&SiftzGJUwckudk 0efMuD;csKyf ocifEk zGJUay;jyefw,f?
'DtzGJU&J yxrtpnf;ta0;rSm rGef-u&if-&ckdif-vlrsKd;pkwkdU&JU w&m;aom
qef'rsm;udk jynfh0apEdkifwJh enf;aumif;vrf;aumif;rsm;udk
aESmifhaES;MuefUMumjcif;r&dSyJ 'Daumfr&SiftzGJUu &SmazGay;MuygvkdU
0efMuD;csKyfocifEk udk,fwkdif aumfr&Siftpnf;ta0;udk wufa&mufNyD;
wkdufwGef;cJhw,f? tJ'Dvkd wkdufwGef;wJh tcgwkef;u rGef? u&if? &ckdifawGudk
jynfaxmifpktwGif; jynfe,f ay;zkdU 0efMuD;csKyf&JU pdwfxJrSm qHk;jzwfxm;NyD;ygNyD?
aumfolave,fedrdwf owfrSwfa&;aumfr&SifeJU jynfe,fpHkprf;a&; tzGJUawGudk
zGJUpnf;ay;vdkufayrJh trSeftwkdif;ajym&&if ocifEk&JUpdwfxJrSmawmh
tJ'DtzGJUawG[m u&if? Armjy?emudk ajz&Sif;Ekdifvdrfhr,f vkdU odyfr,HkMunfvSbl;?
'Dvkdr,HkMunfp&mtaMumif;awG olUrSm&dSaew,f? 'DtaMumif;awGudk 'Dae&mrSm
eJeJavmufazmfjycsifw,f?
(1) 1947 ckESpf AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkdU rusqHk;cifuwnf;u autif,l
u&iftrsKd;om; tzGJU[m u&ifrsKd;om;umuG,fa&;tzGJU qdkwJhtrnfeJU
u&ifvufeufudkifwyfawGudk avQmufzGJUw,f? tJ'DtzGJU&JU twkdaumufuawmh
autif'Dtkd jzpfw,f?
jynfolU&JabmfeJU uGefjrLepfawGuvnf; udk,fykdifwyfawG zGJUxm;Muw,fqdkawmh
autif,luvnf; autif'DtkdudkzGJUrSmbJ? ocifEktpdk;&[m tifrwef
tm;eJaewJhtwGuf 'DwyfawGudk zsufvJrypfEdkif/ olwkdU&JU vufeufawGudkvnf;
rodrf;Ekdif jzpfaew,f? tJ'Dtajctae[m rMumcifaom aeUrSm u&if-Arm
t"du&kPf;awG jzpfay:vmzkdUtwGuf tMuD;qHk;taMumif;MuD;jzpfw,f?
(2) autif,l u&iftrsKd;om;tzGJU[m (u) u&ifjynfe,fudk vkdcsifw,f? (c)
tJ'Du&ifjynfe,frSm jynfaxmifpkxJu cGJxGufvdku cGJxGufEkdifcGifh&dS&r,fvdkU
autif,luawmif;qkdw,f? (*) u&ifjynfe,fxJrSm yJcl;wdkif;/ weoFm&Dwkdif;/
{&m0wDwkdif;xJu ArmEkdifiH&JU w0ufavmuf eD;eD;avmuf&dSwJh e,fajrawGudk
xnfhay;&r,fvkdU awmif;qkdw,f?
autif,l&JUvkdvm;csuf (3)ckxJu (u)udk ocifEktpdk;&tzGJUu
vkdufavsmEdkifw,f? (c)udk vHk;0rvdkufavsmEdkifbl;? (*)udkawmh
aumfolave,fedrdwftzGJUaumfr&SiftzGJUu axmufcHrJha'oudkom
u&ifjynfe,fxJ xnfhay;zkdU tpdk;&tzGJUu qHk;jzwfw,f?
tckvkd autif,leJU ocifEktpkd;&wkdU&JU oabmuGJvGJcsuf[m rMumaomaeUrSm
u&if-Arm t"du&kPf;awGjzpfay:vmzkdUtwGuf wwd,taMumif;jzpfw,f?
tckajymcJhwJh taMumif;MuD; (3)aMumif;u 0kdif;NyD; wGef;ay;MuwJhtwGuf
1948ckESpf ZlvkdifveJU Mo*kwfvxJrSm jynfaxmifpkppf&Jwyfu
u&ifawGtawmfrsm;rsm; vufeufawG,lNyD; autif'Dtdk tzGJUxJ0ifoGm;Muw,f?
zmyGefeJUu,m;rSm&dSMuwJh autif'DtkdawG[m tpkd;&wyfawGudk
twif;0ifwdkufMuw,f? oxHkeJU armfvjrdKifqdkwJh c&kdif&Hk;pkduf&m jrdKUMuD;
(2)jrdKUudk autif'DtdkawG[m cPavmuf odrf;xm;EkdifcJhMuw,f?
uGefjrLepf?jynfolU&Jabmftp&dSwJh olykefawGaMumifh tvkdvdkurS
tawmfqdk;ae&wJh jynfwGif; tajctae[m tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; tpkd;&tzGJU
touf&IrSm;avmufatmif ykdNyD; qkd;0g;vmjyefw,f?
'Dvkdqkd&if 'DolykefawGudk &ifqkdifzkdUtwGuf vufeufudkifwyfawG
jrefjrefaxmifygvm;? tpdk;&bmvkyfaeovJvkdU ar;p&m&dSw,f?
tpdk;&vufeufudkifwyfawGu (60)&mckdifEIef;avmuf[m vufeufawG,l
olykefawGeJU aygif;NyD; tpdk;&udk ykefuefaewJh tcsdefrsKd;rSm tpdk;&[m
wyftopfzGJUzkdUudwfpudk tawmfav;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;&r,f?
vG,fvG,fvkyfvkdufvkdU rjzpfbl;?
vufeufudkifawGudkzGJUzkdU tpdk;&qHk;jzwfjyef&ifvnf; vufeufb,fu&rvJ
EkdifiHwckvHk;[m ysufoavmuf jzpfaeNyD;? tJ'Dvkd EdkifiH&JU tpkd;&udk
aoewfawGay;&if olwkdU&JUaoewfawG[m wGif;eufMuD; xJ
a&avmif;csovkdaerSmbJvkdU aoewfay;&rJhEkdifiHawG[m awG;aeMurSm
"rwmygbJ? tJ'gaMumifh aoewf&bkdU qdkwmrvG,fbl;?
tJ'Dvkd tajctaersKd;rSm ocifEkvJ bmrSrwufEkdifbl;? apmbOD;MuD;tp&dSwJh
u&ifacgif;aqmifawGukd rMumcPzdwfNyD; vuf&Hk;tm;udk; vkyfvmwmawG
rjzpfygapeJU? i,fom;awGudk wyfEdkifoavmuf xdrf;ay;ygvkdUom
awmif;yefae&wmbJ?
1948ckESpf Ekd0ifbmvukefavmufqDudk a&mufwJhtcg tajctae[m
ykdqdk;vmw,f? tJ'gaMumifh 'DZifbmv(4)&ufaeUusawmh 0efMuD;csKyf ocifEk[m
e,faygif;pHku&wJhowif;t& jynfaxmifpkwpkvHk;[m &ifrat;bG,f&m
tifrwefqdk;wJhtajctaeudk a&mufaeygNyDvkdU ausnmcJh&w,f?
tJ'Daemuf Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf aemufqHk;ajcvSrf;taeESifh
apmbOD;MuD;wkdUvlpkudk zdwfNyD; tMurf;rzufMuzkdU autif'Dtkd
acgif;aqmifawGudk oludk,fwkdif arwm&yfcHcsifw,fvkdUocifEkuajymw,f?
'Dvkd'DvkdbJ 0efMuD;csKyfocifEk[m tif;pdefrSm&dSwJh autif'DtkdXmecsKyfudk oGm;NyD;
autif'Dtkd acgif;aqmifawGeJUawGUr,f qkdwmudk rdwfaqGawGodwJhtcg
oGm;zkdUrawmfbl;vkdU tm;vHk;u0dkif;NyD; uefUuGufw,f? tJ'DxJrSm
0efMuD;csKyfuawmf a':jr&Du tjyif;xefqHk; uefUuGufw,f? 'gayrJh b,fol
uefuGufvkdUrS r&bl;? csdef;wJhaeUusawmh 0efMuD;csKyfudkac:&atmif
apmbOD;MuD;eJU taz:wa,muf a&mufvmw,f? 0efMuD;csKyf[m
apmbOD;MuD;udk,fwkdif armif;vmwJh armfawmfum;eJU tif;pdefudk vkdufoGm;w,f?
oleJUtwl AdkvfMuD;pkd;jrifhqdkwJh olUukd,f&HawmfwOD;ukdom ac:oGm;w,f?
oloGm;wJhae&mwkdif;udk vkdufaeMu tifrwefopfpm&dSwJh csif;ppfom;av;awGudk
ac:roGm;bl;? oleJUtwlvdkufvmwJh AdkfvfMuD;pdk;jrifhudkvnf; bmvufeufrS
,lrvm&bl;vkdU wif;wif;MuyfMuyf trdefUay;xm;w,f?
apmbOD;MuD;&JU a,mufcrMuD; OD;ZHtdrfrSm 0efMuD;csKyfocifEkudk
tkef;EkdUMumZHacgufqGJeJU {nfhcHw,f? pm;aomufNyD;wJhtcg autif'Dtkd
acgif;aqmifawGudkom ocifEkawGU&w,f? autif'Dtdk acgif;aqmifawG[m
0efMuD;csKyf ocifEkudk av;av;pm;pm;qufqHyg&JU? 'gayrJhtMurf;rzufMuygeJU?
u&if-Armjy?emudk u&if-Armacgif;aqmifawG[m rdom;pkawGvkd
twlwlxdkifNyD; tEkenf;eJU ajz&Sif;Mu&atmifvkdU ocifEku arwm&yfcHwJhtcg
olwkdUrsufESmxm;awG[m aysmhaysmhajymif;ajymif; r&dSbl;qkdwmudk ocifEk
tuJcwfrdvdkufw,f?
bmoHrsm;Mum;&rvJqkdNyD; 0efMuD;csKyftdfrfrSm wxdwfxdwf wvefUvefU?
vnfwqefUqefUeJU apmifharQmfaeMuwJh rdwfaqGawGeJU 0efMuD;csKyfuawmf
a':jr&DwkdU[m 0efMuD;csKyf jyefa&mufvmawmhrS oufjyif;csEkdifMuawmhw,f?
aemufwaeUusawmh ykodfrfrSm u&ifeJUArmawG apmifaeMuNyD/
t"du&kPf;jzpfp&mtaMumif;&dSw,f qdkwJhowif;udk &wmeJU ocifEk[m
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pmjyefyGJ ygbJ? tcktcsdeftxd pmjyefyGJtzGJUu pDpOfxm;wJhtwkdif; t&IH;r&dSbJ
*kPfxl;eJUatmifwm OD;0dpdwfwom&mbd0Ho udk,fawmfwyg;bJ&dSao;w,f?
wjcm;udk,fawmfawGuawmh wcgwcgwav tm*HkjyefwJhbufrSmusw,f?
wcgwav a&;ajzwJh bufrSmusw,f? atmifjrifatmif tMudrfMudrf jyefNyD;
ajz&w,f? 'gayrJh pmar;yGJtwGuf pmusuf&vGef;vdkU a&m*gpGJNyD; ysHvGefawmfrlwJh
&[ef;wyg;rS r&dScJhzl;bl;?
(3) 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m w&m;awmfudk q&meJUususee oifcJhzl;olr[kwf?
vlynm&dSrsm;? &[ef;ynm&dSrsm;&JY a[majymcsufrsm;udk teJi,f Mum;emzl;w,f?
a&;om;csufrsm;udk teJi,f avhvmzl;w,f? tJ'Daemuf
olem;vnforQuav;eJU tcGifhaumif;&wkdif; y&dwfowfeJeJudkjzpfjzpf?
rsm;rsm;udkjzpfjzpf w&m;a[mavh&dSw,f? jzefUcsDvkdolrsm;tm; olUa[m
ajymcsufawGudk "r'ge tjzpf vSL'gef;avh&dSw,f?
(4) yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk ygVdvkdu jrefrmvkd bmomjyefay;w,f? 'Dvkd
jzefUcsDay;vkdfufwJh twGuf ygVdvkd rwwfwJh Ak'f"bmom0iftawmfrsm;rsm;[m
yd?uwfoHk;yHkudk zwfEdkifvmMuw,f?
(5) Ak'f"w&m;awmfawGeJU tifrwefa0;aewJh awmifwef;a'oawGrSm
omoemjyKvkyfief;awGudk tm;ay;w,f?
(6) Ak'f"omoem pnfyifjyefUyGm;a&;udk aqmif&GufEkdifbkdUtwGuf Ak'f"omoem
tzGJUcsKyf wckudk zGJUpnf;ay;NyD; omoema&;udwfprsm;udk
aqmif&GufEkdif&eftwGuf tpdk;&u axmufyHhaMu; ay;xm;w,f?
(7) tpdk;&pmoifausmif;awGeJU wufuodkvfawGrSm Ak'f"w&m;awmfudk
oifMum;ydkUcsapw,f?
(8) ArmEdkifiHrSm yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk rif;wkef;rif; vufxufawmfwkef;u
ausmufpmxGif;NyD; rSwfwrf;wif xm;ypfcJhw,f? aemufacwfawGusawmh
yHkESdyfwdkuftrsKd;rsKd;u usrf;pmtkyfawG&kdufNyD; rSwfwrf;wifMuw,f?
tJ'DrSwfwrf;wifwJhtcg ausmufpmxGif;olawG rSm;NyD;xGif;rdwJhtwGuf
ausmufpmawGxJrSm trSm;t,Gif;awGygoGm;w,f?
pmtkyf&kdufwJhtcgawGrSmvnf; pmpDorm;awG pmjyifq&mawG
rSm;NyD;xnfhvdkufwJhtwGuf usrf;pmtkyfawGxJrSmvnf; trSm;t,Gif;awG
ygoGm;jyefw,f? 'DtrSm;t,Gif;awGudk tcsdefrD rjyifEkdif&if pmtrSm;aMumifh
tusifhtrSm;awG jzpfay:vmEkdifp&m tef'&m,fawG&dSaew,f? tJ'gaMumifh
&[ef;ynm&dS? vlynm&dSrsm;&JU Mo0g'ay;csuft& 'DtrSm;t,Gif;awGudk jyifbkdU
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m qXoHCm,emyGJawmfudkusif;yay;cJhw,f?
(9) Ak'f"w&m;awmfrSm tusifh[m odyfta&;MuD;w,f? tusifhr&dSbJ
w&m;awmf&JU trSefoabmawGudk rjrifEkdifbl;? tMurf;tm;jzifh tusifh[m
(3)rsKd;&dSw,f? (u) udk,furaumif;wmrvkyfatmif EIwfu raumif;wm
rajymatmif apmifhxdef;wJhtusifh/ (c) pdwfawG[mysHUvGifhjcif;r&dSbJ
tm&kHwckcktay:rSm wnfNidrfaeatmif vkyf&wJhtusifh/ (*) avmb? a'go?
arm[qdkwJh udavomawGudk tMuGif;r&dSatmif owf&wJhtusifhqdkwJh
tusifhoHk;rsKd;bJjzpfw,f? 'DtusifhoHk;rsKd;udk usifhEkdifatmifqdkNyD; a&S;OD;pGm
&efukefrSm omoem&dyfom trnfeJU urXmef;ausmif;wckzGifhay;w,f?
urXmef;q&mawGu w&m;awmf[m tifrwef tHhMozdkUaumif;w,f?
atmufqHk;r*fjzpfwJh aomwywfwdr*fudk&atmif w&m;tm;xkwfNyD;wmeJU
wjydKifeuf w&m;tm;xkwfolawG&JU pdwfoabmxm;awG[m xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
ajymif;oGm;w,fvkdU ajymMuw,f? OD;Ekvnf; prf;MunfhcsifwmeJU owf&rSmvnf;
0efrav;/ cdk;&wkduf&rSmvnf; 0efrav;/ umrrSm rSm;,Gif;pGmusifh&rSmvnf;
0efrav;/ vdrfajym&rSmvnf; 0efrav;/ t&ufaomuf&rSmvnf; 0efrav;/
tifrwefqkd;vGef;vkdU we,fvHk;u zdefUzdefUwkefatmif aMumuf&wJh
olUoli,fcsif;wa,muf ukdomoemh&dyfomydkUvkdufw,f?
w&m;tm;xkwfNyD;wJhtcg tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif
vlaumif;wa,mufjzpfoGm;w,f? tJ'Doli,fcsif;vnf; w&m;awmfudkESpfNcdKuf
vGef;vkdU w&m;tm;xkwf&atmif olUrdef;rudk
omoemh&dyfomac:vmvdkufao;w,f? 'Dtjzpftysufudk jrif&NyD;wJhtcg
w&m;awmfrSm ,HkMunfrIawG tvGeftrif;jyif;xefvmwJhtwGuf
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m &efukefwifrubJ wEkdifiHvHk;rSm omoemh&dyfomawG
jyefyGm;oGm;atmif aqmif&Gufay;cJhw,f?
tpdk;&taeeJ omoema&;xJrSm 'Davmuf0ifNyD;ygaewmraumif;bl;vkdU
0efMuD;csKyf&JUrdwfaqGwcsKdUu 0efMuD;csKyfudk tMuHay;Muw,f? uRefawmfwkdU
tpdk;&tzGJUu jynfolvkxk&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;udk aqmif&GufbkdUtwGuf
jynfolvlxku a&G;aumufwifajrmufxm;wmbJ?
jynfolvlxk&JUtusKd;pD;yGm;xJrSm bmoma&;rygbl;vkdU b,folajymEdkifovJ?
ajym&iftJ'DvlrSm;vdrfhr,f? vlawG&JU vuf&dSb0[m tvGefqHk;
tESpfw&m&Sdawmhraygh? aemifb0rSm b,fESpfESpf&dSr,fqdkwm b,folrS *Pef;eJU
a&wGufrajyEdkifbl;? tESpfw&mavmuf&dSwJh 'Db0aumif;pm;a&;twGuf
tpdk;&tzGJU[m aqmif&GufEkdifw,fqkd&if ESpfta&twGuftm;jzifh tqHk;r&dSwJh
aemifb0aumif;pm;a&;twGuf bmjzpfvkdU raqmif&GufEkdfif&rSmvJ?
aqmif&GufEkdif&r,fvkdU ajymNyD; 0efMuD;csKyf OD;Ek[m oloGm;aewJhvrf;ay:u
eJeJuav;rS aemufwGefUroGm;bJ aoGzDroGm;bJ
qufNyD;oGm;NrJwkdif;oGm;aewmbJ?
ArmEdkifiHrSm (1) Ak'f"bmom0ifawG? (2) rlpvifbmom0ifawG/ (3)
c&pf,mefbmom0ifawG/ (4) [dELbmom0ifawG? (5) ewfudk;uG,folawG
&dSaew,f? 0efMuD;csKyf OD;Ek[m Ak'f"bmom0ifawGtwGufom
aqmif&Gufay;aewm r[kwfbl;? ol[m Ak'f"w&m;awmf&JU t&dyftm0goudk
ckdvIHwkdif; tifrwef MuD;us,fwJh pdwfcsrf;omrIudk&w,f?
wjcm;bmom0ifawGvnf; olwkdUtoD;oD; udk;uG,fMuwJh bmomawG&JU
t&dyftm0goudk ckdvIHwkdif; olUvkdbJ tifrwef MuD;us,fwJh pdwfcsrf;omrIudk
&MurSmbJ? tJ'DMuD;us,fwJh pdwfcsrf;omrIawGudk 'Dyk*dKvfawG[m
olUvkdbJ&Muygap qkdwJh udk,fcsif;pmemrI 0efMuD;csKyfOD;EkrSm &dSaew,f?
tJ'gaMumifh OD;Ek[m Ak'f" bmom0ifawGtwGuf aqmif&Gufay;ovdk
wjcm;bmom0ifawGtwGuf w&m;ojzifh aqmif&Guf ay;w,f?
Oyrm (1) bmoma&;twGuf axmufyHhaMu;udk ay;wJhtcg a&S;OD;pGm
axmufyHhaMu; b,favmufay;r,f qkdwmudk owfrSwfvkdufNyD; oufqkdif&m
bmoma&;tzGJUawGudk vlOD;a&tvkduf cGJa0ay;vkdufw,f?
(2) 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m tdEd,eJU oD[kdu bk&m;"mwfawmfeJU &[Em
"gwfawmfawGudk Ak'f" bmom0ifawG ylaZmfzdkUtwGuf ArmEdkifiHudk yifhvmw,f?
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m AufwDuefrSm ykyfudk *g&0jyKNyD; jyefvmwJhtcg ArmEdkifiHu
uufovpfawG jrwfEdk;rJh c&pfawmf&JU yHkawmfum;rsm;? pmtkyfrsm;?
ykyf&JU&kyfyHkcwfEdSyfxm;wJh wHqdyfrsm;udk AufwDuefu ,lvmNyD; c&pf,mefawGudk
a0ay;w,f?
(3) uufovpfacgif;aqmifrsm; tzGJUwzGJUudkzGJUNyD; ykyfudk *g&0jyK&atmif
tpdk;&p&dwfeJU apvTwfcJhw,f? tvm;wl rGwfpviftzGJUwzGJUNyD;
rufumrSm*g&0jyK&atmif tpk;d&p&dwfeJU apvTwfcJhw,f?
(4) yd#uwfoHk;yHkudk ygVdvdku jrefrmvkdbmomjyefovdk? udk&efusrf;udkvnf;
tma&Asbmomvkdu jrefrmvdk bmomjyefzkdUtwGuf 0efMuD;csKyf OD;Eku
axmufyHhaMu;xkwfay;w,f? bmomjyefNyD;wJhtcg jrefrmbmomjyef[m rlv
usrf;&if;eJU wlrwludk ppfaq;&ef
csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;ukdjyKjyif&efeJUjyKjyifNyD;wJhtcgbmomjyefudk twnfjyK&eftwGuf
wEkdifiHvHk;u usrf;wwfynm&dSrsm;&JU nDvmcHw&yfudk tpdk;&u
usif;yay;r,fvkdU 0efMuD;csKyfu rlqvifacgif;aqmifrsmudk *wday;xm;w,f?
bdkifb,fvfudkawmh a'gufwm*syfqifwkdU vufxufuwnf;u jrefrmvkd
bmomjyefNyD;aeNyD? tJ'gaMumifh y&kdwufpwifh *dkPf;aygif;pHknDvmcHwck
&efukefrSm usif;ywJhtcg udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk bkdifb,fvf wtkyfuspD
vSL'gef;w,f?
(5) rlqvif? c&pf,mef? [dELtzGJUawGu bmoma&; udwfpwckckeJU
ywfoufNyD; zdwfMum;wJhtcg 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m b,fawmhrSrjiif;bl;?
AvDxJudkvJoGm;wmbJ? csmhcsfxJudkvnf; oGm;wmbJ?
[dEL0wfausmif;xJudkvnf; oGm;wmbJ? nDvmcHawGwufygqkdvnf;
wufvmbJ? rdefUcGef;ay;ygqdkvnf; ay;wmbJ/ o0PfvTmay;ygqkdvJ ay;wmbJ?
(6) tpdk;&pmoifausmif;awGrSm Ak'f"w&m;awmfudk toifckdif;wJhtcg
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m rlqvifeJU c&pf,mefbmomawGudkvnf; toifckdif;bdkU
arhraebl;? toifckdif;w,f? 'Dvkd toifckdif;vdkufwJh twGuf bmawG
jzpfvmw,fqkdwm eJeJavmuf Munfh&atmif? ESpfuawmh 1954ckESpfeJUwlw,f?
tJ'DESpfxJrSm MoZmMuD;rm;wJh &[ef;awmf tzGJUwzGJUu udk,fpm;vS,foHk;yg;[m
aeUwaeUrSm 0efMuD;csKyfOD;EkeJU vmawGUMuw,f?
'umMuD;/ tpkd;& pmoifausmif;awGrSm rlqvifbmomeJU c&pf,mefbmomudk
oifwm usKyfwkdU rMudKufbl;? uefUuGufw,f? 'DbmomawGoifwmudk
csufcsif;&yfay;yg?
OD;yZif;wkdUu bmjzpfvkdU rMudKufwmvJ
'DbmomawG[m rdpm'dXdbmomawG/ 'gaMumifh rMudKufbl;?
rlqvifausmif;olausmif;om;awGudk rlqvifbmom oifay;w,f?
c&pf,mefausmif;ol ausmif;om;awGudk c&mpf,mefbmom oifay;w,f?
Ak'f"bmom0if ausmif;olausmif;om;awGudk 'DbmomawG oifay;wmrS
r[kwfbJ?
'gayrJh tpdk;&ausmif;awGrSm 'DbmomawGudk roif&bl;? olwkdUoifcsif&if
wjcm;rSm oGm;oifMuayap?
'Dvkd rw&m; uefUuGufwmrsKd;udk rvkyfcsifygeJU? rif;wkef;rif;MuD;[m
Ak'f"bmom omoemudk tifrwef MunfndKwJh &Sifbk&ifMuD;bJ?
tJ'D&Sifbk&ifMuD; vufxuf ref;'av; aejynfawmfrSm rlqvifbmomeJU
c&pf,mefbmomawGudk tawmfaxmufyHhcJhwmbJ?
rif;wkef;rif;MuD; vufxufwkef;u usKyfwkdUr&dSvkdU 'Dvkd axmufyHh&wm?
usKyfwkdUom&Sd&if 'DvdkaxmufyHh&rSm r[kwfbl;?
tpdk;&pmoifausmif;awGudk Ak'f"bmom0ifawG&JU ydkufqHeJUcsnf;bJ
xlaxmifxm;wm r[kwfbl;? rlqvifawGeJU c&pf,mefawG&JU ydkufqHawGvnf;
ygw,f? tJ'Dawmh Ak'f"bmomw&m;awmfudk tpkd;&pmoifausmif;awGrSm
oifEkdif&if rlqvifbmomeJU c&pf,mefbmomawGudkvnf; oifEkdif&rSmbJ?
roif&bl;/ usKyfwkdU jyif;jyif;xefxefuefUuGufw,f?
tJ'DtcsdefrSm 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m olUpdwfudkol rxdef;Ekdifawmhbl;? tJ'gaMumifh
uJ-OD;yZif;wkdU jyefMuawmh tpkd;&pmoifausmif;awGrSm rlqvifbmomeJY
c&pf,mefbmomudk roif&&if b,fbmomudkrS roifawmhbl;vkd@ ajymNyD;
&[ef;ukd,fpm;vS,f (3)OD;udk jyefvTwfvkdufw,f?
trSefpifppfqkd&if 'Dudwfp[m MuD;us,fwJh udwfpr[kwfygbl;? tJ'Dtcsdefu
wjcm;0efMuD; wOD;wOD;om OD;Ekae&mrSm &dSaer,fqdk&if ukd,fpm;vS,foHk;yg;&JU
uefUuGufcsufudk b,fvdkrS jyefvnf acsyaerSm r[kwfbl;?
tomem;axmifaerSbJ olwkdUajymvkdU 0awmhrS 'Dudwfpudk 0efMuD;rsm;eJU
wkdifyifyg&aptHk;vdkU ajymNyD;jyefvTwfvkdufr,f? tJ'Daemuf OD;ausmfNidrf;?
ocifomcif? Akdvfcifarmifuav; tp&dSwJh qdk&S,fvpfacgif;aqmifawGudk
&[ef;udk,fpm;vS,fqDudk vTwfr,f? 'Dqkd&S,fvpfacgif;aqmifawGeJU
'D&[ef;udk,fpm;vS,fawG[m 'kwd,urmppfMuD;twGif;u twlwlvufwGJNyD;
a&S;OD;pGmt*FvdyftJ'Daemuf *syefudk awmfvSefcJhMuzl;w,f? tJ'Dvkd twlwGJNyD;
awmfvSefcJhNu&if;u olwkdU[m wOD;eJUwOD; tawmf cifrif&ifESD;vmMuw,f?
wOD;tay:rSmvnf; wOD;u MoZm&dSoavmuf &dSvmMuw,f? trSefppfqdk&if
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m tJ'D&[ef;udk,fpm;vS,f oHk;yg;xJu wyg;udk
tawmfrsufrkef;MudK;aewJhtwGuf rawGUcsifbl;vdkUawmif
oHk;av;Mudrfjiif;y,fcJhzl;w,f? qdk&S,fvpfacgif;aqmifawGu
tMudrfMudrfawmif;yefwJhtwGuf 'D&[ef;udk,fpm;vS,fawGudk
tawGUcHvkdufwmjzpfw,f? 'Dqkd&S,fvpfudk,fpm;vS,fawGeJY
'D&[ef;udk,fpm;vS,fawG awGUqHkaqG;aEG;&&if tJ'D&[ef;udk,fpm;vS,fawGu
olwkdU &JU uefUuGufcsufudk jyefvnf&kyfodrf;csifvnf; &kyfodrf;oGm;r,f? 'Dvkd
r&kyfodrf;&ifvnf; 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Eka&m olwkdUyg vufcHEdkifwJh tpDtpOftckckudk
vkyfay;Ekdifw,f? 'gayrJh 'g[m vlrsm;pku vleJpkudk oufouf
tEkdifusifhwmbJ,lqNyD; tifrwef pdwfqdk;aewJh twGuf 0efMuD;csKyf OD;Ek[m
tJ'Djy?em tckajymcJhovdk rajz&Sif;csifbl;? 'DvkdudwfprsKd;rSm jzpfay:aeus
olUnmOfqdk;twkdif; ajz&Sif;bkdU oH"dXmefcsxm;w,f?
tJ'gaMumifh wevFmaeUwdkif;usif;yaeus 0efMuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;rSm
&[ef;udk,fpm;vS,f oHk;yg;vmwJhtaMumif; ajym&kHomajymjyw,f? 'Dudwfpudk
csraqG;aEG;bJ ynma&;0efMuD;bufvSnfhNyD; ausmif;awGrSm b,fbmoma&;rs
face=WinKalaw rovifayapeJ@awmh? face=WinKalaw
trdef@xkwfvkdufvkd@ 0ef}uD;csKyf OD;Eku trdefUay;vkdufw,f?
ynma&;0efMuD;[m qifjcifwHkw&m;&dSwJholqkdawmh 0efMuD;csKyfajymwJUtwkdif;
csufcsif; trdefUrxkwfao;bJ cPavmuf qdkif;xm;w,f? aemufwywf
0efMuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0;usawmU [dkaeUu ajymwJh trdefUudk xkwfNyD;NyDvm;vkdU
0efMuD;csKyfu ynma&;0efMuD;udk vSrf;ar;w,f? uRefawmf xkwfvkdufyghr,fvkdU
ynma&;0efMuD;uajzw,f? 0efMuD;csKyfvJ odyfpdwfqkd;NyD;
uRefawmfckdif;wJhtvkyfudk 'DvkdqGJxm;wm rMudKufbl;?
'DuaeU&kH;udkjyefa&mufa&mufcsif; yxrqHk;tvkyftaeeJU 'DtrdefUudk
xkwfay;vkdufyg? 'guRefawmfhtrdefUbJvkdU 0efMuD;csKyfu a'goeJUajymw,f?
'DtrdefUudkxkwfay;vkdufNyDqdk wJh owif;[m owif;pmawGxJrSmygvmwJhtcg
vla&m&Sifyg wcgwnf; tHkMuGvmw,f? 0efMuD;csKyf[m 'DudwfpeJU ywfoufNyD;
jynfolvlxkudk b,fvdkrS &Sif;rjybl;? olwkdjzKwfcsvdkuf&ifvJ &mxl;u
jyKwfus&kHayghuGmvkdU ol[molajymNyD; 'Dudwfpudk ZGwfw&Gwf
vspfvsL&Ixm;vkdufw,f?
aemufav;ig;&ufMum&if arjrKdUu ppfwufuodkvfrSm 0efMuD;csKyf[m
rdefUcGef;ajym&r,f? tJ'Dawmh arNrdKUudkrwufcif ref;'av;rSm &[ef;awmfawGudk
avQmufxm;csifw,f? oifhawmfrJhae&mwckckrSm yifhxm;ygvkdU
oufqdkif&mt&m&dSawGudk 0efMuD;csKyf nGefMum;vdkufw,f?
trdefUxkwfvdkufwJhudwfpudk &Sif;vif;avQmufxm;rSmbJvkdU ,HkMunfNyD;
yifhxm;wJhae&mudk &[ef;awmfawG tawmfrsm;rsm;MuGvmMuw,f?
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m a&mufvmwmeJU wjydKifeuf toifha&;,lvmwJh
avQmufxm;csufudkzwfw,f? 'DavQmufxm;csufxJrSm
ta&;MuD;qHk;tcsufuawmh wjcm;r[kwfbl;? ol[m &[ef;awmfawGudk
tpOfxm0& ajcawmfOD;cdkuf&dScdk;aewJh olwa,mufyg? tJ'Dvkd vlrsKd;usawmh
&[ef;awmfawG[m jcaoFha[mufoHeJY a[mufNyD; odyftEkdifusifhw,f?
&[ef;awmfawGrSm 0denf;awmftwkdif; raebJ tusifhazmufjyefaewJh
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tcef; (26)
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(waomif;ausmfvkdr,f?)
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(q&mjzpfatmif b,fESpfESpf oif&ovJ?)
(wESpf)
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jyifp&m? ?zwfp&m? jznfhp&mawG tm;vHk; vkyfNyD;vdkU trsm;&JU
oabmwlnDcsufudk &NyD;wJhtcg tJ'Dynma&;pDrHudef;udk OD;Ek[m oludk,fwkdif
acgif;aqmifNyD; wwfEdkifoavmuf taumiftxnfazmfay;csifao;w,f?
ynma&;eJU usef;rma&;rSm yef;wkdifudk a&mufatmif jzwfvrf;uoGm;wJh
tpDtpOfawG[m tawmfuav; xajrmufatmifjrifwmudkawGU&wJhtwGuf
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m tawmftm;wufw,f? tJ'gaMumifh
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;rSmvnf; 'Dvkd jzwfvrf;uoGm;&&if odyfaumif;rSmbJvkdU
OD;Ekpdwful;rdjyefw,f?
'kwd,urmppfMuD;twGif;upNyD; jrefrmEkdifiHxJrSm wHwm;awG? vrf;awG?
wmwrHawG? ausmif;taqmuftOD;awG tawmfysufpD;ukefMuw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;wJhaemuf olykefa&mifpHkawG ay:vmjyefwJhtwGuf tpkd;&[m
'DysufpD;aewmawGudk jyefrMunfhEkdifbl;? 1950ckESpfavmufupNyD; olykef&ef[m
tawmfat;oGm;jyefawmhvnf; tpdk;&rSm aiGr&dSwJhtwGuf 'DysufpD;aewmawGudk
jyefvnfxlaxmif ray;Ekdifbl;? vTwfawmftrwfawG[m olwkdU&JU oufqkdif&m
rJqef'e,fajrawGrSm jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;twGuf tpkd;&qDu
tultnDawmif;Muw,f? wcsKdUu vTwfawmfxJrSm awmif;w,f? wcsKdUu
0efMuD;csKyfawGqDudk wkduf&kdufoGm;NyD; awmif;w,f? aiGr&&Smygbl;? tpkd;&rSm
aiGr&dSbl;qkdwJh tajzawGudkom ESpfpOf&oGm;cJhMuw,f?
tJ'geJU wESpfusawmh 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Eku jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; pDrHudef;wck
vkyfay;vkdufw,f? 'DpDrHudef;uawmh OD;aESmuft&IyfcH odyfpOf;pm;NyD;a&;qGJ&wJh
pDrHudef;rsKd;r[kwfygbl;? udk,fhudk,fudk u,fwJholawGudk xm0&ocifu
u,fr,fqkdwJh pDrHudef;rsKd;ygbJ? 'DpDrHudef;t& rdrdwdkUa'orSm
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf aiGtm;? yudwfpnf;tm;? vltm;
pdkufxkwfay;rJhvlawGudk tpkd;&uvJ wwfEkdifoavmuf aiGtultnD?
tif*sifeD,mtultnD tp&dSonfwkdUudk xkwfay;r,fvkdU ausnmvkdufw,f?
a'owkdif;rSm aiGtm;? ypfpnf;tm;? vltm; pkdufxkwfay;wJhvlawG trsm;MuD;
ay:xGufvmw,f? Oyrm-wHwm;wckudk tpdk;&uaqmufay;&&if
aiGwaxmifukefr,fqkdygpdkU? t&yfolt&yfom;awGu opfvSLw,f?
tvkyf0kdif;vkyfay;w,fqkdawmh tJ'DwHwm;udk (250)avmufeJU
tNyD;aqmufEdkifw,f? tJ'D(250)xJrSm tpkd;u (100)xnfhw,f?
t&yfolt&yfom;awGu (150)pkaygif;NyD;xnfhMuw,f?
tJ'Denf;eJU jynfvnfxlaxmifvkdufwm wEkdifiHvHk;rSm wmwrHaygif;
rsm;pGmzkdUNyD;oGm;w,f? wHwm;awG trsm;MuD;aumif;oGm;w,f?
vrf;awGtrsm;MuD;jyifNyD;oGm;w,f? a&wGif;a&uefawGtrsm;MuD;wl;NyD;
oGm;w,f? rlvwef;ausmif;awG? pmMunfhcef;awG trsm;MuD;
aqmufNyD;oGm;w,f?
pmtkyfMuD;twkdif;om vkyfaeMur,fqkd&if tJ'DwESpftwGif;
NyD;oGm;wJhvkyfief;awGudk ig;ESpfavmufvkyf&r,f? ukefusrJhaiGuvnf;
tckukefuswmxuf av;ig;qavmufwkd;NyD; ukefvmr,f?
1953ckESpf bwf*sufvTwfawmfxJrSm b?ma&;0efMuD;[m 'DpDrHudef;&JU
atmifjrifrIudk rSwfwrf;wifwJhtaeeJU 'DpDrHudef;twGuf tpkd;&u 1952-
53ckESpftwGif; aiGodef;aygif; w&mhwq,f xkwfay;cJhw,f? jynfolvlxkxHrS
&&dSwJhaiGtm;eJU ypfpnf;tm;udk aygif;vkduf&if odef;ESpf&mbdk;avmuf
&dSvdrfhr,fvdkU ausnmcJhw,f?
tcef;(27)
1952ckESpf tmZmenfaeUrSm 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m rdefUcGef;wckajymw,f?
'DrdefUcGef;xJrSm wjcm;tcsufawGtjyif tcsufwcsuf ygvmw,f? tJ'Dtcsufudk
'Dae&mrSm eJeJavmufajymjyyg&ap?
ArmEdkifiHrSm v,fawGtrsm;MuD;&Sdw,f? 'Dv,fawGaMumifh ArmEdkifiH[m
urBmay:rSm qeftrsm;qHk;wifykdUa&mif;cswJhEdkifiH jzpfaew,f? 'Dv,fawGtjyif
tzdk;wefuRef;opfawGxGufwJh opfawmawGvnf; trsm;MuD;&dSw,f?
owfwkwGif;rsKd;pHk&dSw,f? ywfwjrm;wGif;awG&dSw,f? a&eHwGif;awG&dSw,f?
jynfaxmifpkom;awG vlcsrf;om;awGjzpfatmif tbufbufu
ulnDaxmufyHhEkdifwJh {&m0wDjrpfMuD;uvnf; jynfaxmifpkudk
ta&SUeJUtaemufESpfjcrf;cGJNyD;? ajrmufbufu awmifbufudk pD;qif;aew,f?
rdk;av0ovnf; txl;aumif;w,f? vlOD;a&usawmh tifrwef eJw,f?
tJ'gaMumifh uRefawmfjynfaxmifpkxJrSm jynfwGif;ppfrjzpf&bJ
pdwfcsrf;csrf;omomeJU tvkyfvkyfcGifh&r,fqdk&if jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkfifiH[m
rdom;pkwkdif;udk tdrfwaqmif? armfawmfum;wpif;? vpOf0ifaiG (800)u
(1000)&atmifvkyfay;EkdifwJhtxd csrf;omwJhEkdifiH jzpfw,fqkdwJhtcsufudk
rdefUcGef;xJrSm OD;EkxnfhajymoGm;w,f?
cyfaemufaemuf owif;pmq&mwcsKdU[m olwkdU&JUowif;awGxJrSm 'DrdefUcGef;udk
az:jywJhtcg rdom;pkwkdif;udk tdrfwtdrf? armfawmfum;wpif;? vpOf0ifaiG
(800)u (1000)txd ay;r,fvkdU OD;Ekuwday;NyD tp&dSwJh
&Dp&macgif;pOfMuD;awGudk wyfay;vkdufMuw,f?
aemifig;ESpfavmufMumwJhtcg 'DtcsufudkwyfNyD; ajym&r,fqdk&if OD;Ek[m
'Dtwkdif;ajymr,frxifbl;? tJ'Dig;ESpftwGif; OD;Ek[m
jynfolydkifvkyfief;awGtay:rSm tMuD;tus,fpdwfysufaewJhtwGuf 'Dtcsufudk
xyfajym&r,fqkd&if 'Dvkdajymvdrfhr,fxifw,f? EkdifiHuawmh tifrwefcsrf;omwJh
EdkifiHygbJ? rdom;pkwkdif;udk tdrfwaqmif? armfawmfum;wpif;? vpOf0ifaiG
(1000)&atmif vkyfay;EkdifwJhtxd csrf;om;wJhEkdifiHjzpfw,fqkdwmudk b,folrS
rjiif;Ekdifygbl;? 'gayrJh rdom;pkwkdif; tdrfwaqmif? armfawmfum;wpif;?
vpOf0ifaiG (1000)&bdkUtwGuf jynfwGif;ppf r&dS&kHeJU rvHkavmufao;bl;?
jynfaxmifpkom;awG tvkyfMudK;pm;vkyf&kHeJUvnf; rvHkavmufao;bl;?
(1) jynfaxmifpk&JU pD;yGm;a&;pepfuvnf; rSef&tHk;r,f?
(2) 'DpepfrSefudk taumiftxnfazmfwJh ae&mrSm txl;vdktyfwJh refae*smac:
tvkyfem;vnfwJh tkyfcsKyfa&;rSL;rsm;? wufueD&Sef;ac:
pufrIuRrf;usifolrsm;vnf; vHkvHkavmufavmuf &dS&tHk;r,f?
(3) orw? 0efMuD;csKyf? 0efMuD;awG? twGif;0efawG? XmetMuD;tuJawGupNyD;
awmifolv,form;rsm;? tvkyform;rsm;? aps;olaps;om;rsm; tygt0if
jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;uvnf; udk,fusifhw&m;eJU jynfhpHkolawG
jzpfMu&tHk;r,fqkdwJh tcsuf(3)csufudk OD;EkxyfNyD; jznfhp&m taMumif;&Sdw,f?
OD;Ek[m 'Dtcsuf(3)csufudk bmaMumifh xyfjznfhcsifovJqdkwm 'Dae&mrSm
eJeJavmuf azmfjycsifw,f?
vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;wJhaemuf OD;Ektpdk;&tzGJU[m vkyfief;tawmfrsm;rsm;udk
jynfolydkifvkyfcJhw,f? tckvkd jynfolykdifvkyfwJhtcgawGwkef;u
jynfolydkifvkyfief;awGeJU qufpyfaewJh jy?emawGudk OD;Ek[mav;av;eufeuf
pOf;pm;rdyHkray:bl;? 'Dvdkjynfolydkif vkyfNyD;wJhaemuf jynfolydkifvkyfief;awGeJU
ywfoufNyD; tkyfcsKyfrInHhzsif;yHkawG? trsKd;rsKd;tzHktzHk jcpm;rIawG?
qHk;&IH;epfemrIawGudk 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek awGUvm&w,f? OD;EkawGUcJhwJh
tjzpftysufawGxJu EkdifiHawmf aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUeJU ywfoufwJh
tjzpftysufwckudk tusOf;csKyfNyD; azmfjycsifw,f? EkdifiHawmf
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzJGU[m jynfolydkifvkyfief;awGxJrSm
tMuD;qHk;jzpfw,f?
waeUrSm (p)oHk;vHk;tzGJU (Bureau For Special Investigation)
utrIaqmifMuD;awG 0efMuD;csKyfeJUawGUNyD; owif;ckdifckdifvHkvHk&wmeJU
vGefcJhwJhaeUwkef;u (p)oHk;vHk;tzGJUu qefwifoabFmwpif;udk qif;ppfw,f?
aumufyJoD;ESHtzGJUu qefa[mif;awGqdkNyD; a&mif;vdkufwJh qefawGtm;vHk;[m
qefaumif;awGjzpfaewmudk awGU&w,f? olwkdU&&dSwJh owif;t&
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJU[m qefaumif;awGudk qefa[mif;awGNyD;
vdrfvdrfa&mif;aewm MumNyD;vdkU tJ'D (p)oHk;vHk;trIaqmifvlMuD;awGu
tpD&ifcHw,f? aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUu qefa[mif;ta&twGufeJ&if
olwkdU[molwkdU a&mif;w,f? a&mif;rJhqefa[mif;ta&twGufrsm;&if
olwkdU&JU0efMuD;uwqifh 0efMuD;rsm;tzGJUrSm qefa[mif;a&mif;cGifh awmif;w,f?
tJ'gaMumifh 0efMuD;csKyf[m rMumao;cifu 0efMuD;rsm;tzGJUu
qefa[mif;awGa&mif;cGifh ay;vdkufwmudk csufcsif; owd&w,f?
ta[mif;awGqkdNyD; vdrfa&mif;wJhqefawGudk oabFmay:rSm
zrf;rdwJhtaMumif;ajymNyDawmh (p)oHk;vHk;trIaqmifvlMuD;awGu
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&; tzGJUrSm ESpfpOfESpfwdkif;qefa[mif;
b,favmufusefw,fqkdwm pm&if;r&dSbl;? 'Dvdkpm&if;r&dSwm[m
oufqkdif&mt&m&dSawG nHhzsif;vkdUvnf; jzpfEdkfiw,f? 'Dvkdpm&if;r&dSrS
qefaumif;awGudk qefa[mif;awGqdkNyD; vdrfa&mi;f&wmvG,fwJhtwGuf
txuft&m&dSMuD;awGu 'Dvkd pm&if;r&dSwmudk vspfvQL&Ixm;wmaMumifhvnf;
jzpfEdkifw,f? tJ'Dawmh vufusefqefa[mif;pm&if;udk &atmifawmif;ygvkdU tJ'D
(p)oHk;vHk;trIaqmifawGu 0efMuD;csKyfudk tMuHay;w,f? tJ'DtMuHay;csuft&
0efMuD;csKyfu oufqdkif&m0efMuD;csKyfudk vufusefqefa[mif; pm&if;wifjybdkU
trdefUay;w,f? 0efMuD;uvnf; tJ'Dpm&if;wifjybkdU
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUudk trdefUay;w,f? wESpfMumwJhtxd
tJ'Dpm&if;udk aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUu wifrjyEdkifbl;? Mumvmawmh
0efMuD;csKyfvnf; oD;rcHEkdifawmhbl;? tJ'gaMumifh (p)oHk;vHk;tzGJUu
trIaqmifvlMuD;wcsKdUudk ac:vkdufw,f? 0efMuD;csKyf[m jcpm;rIawGudk
wkdufjzwfbkdUtwGuf 'DtzGJUudk oludk,fwkdifwkduf&kduf tkyfcsKyfNyD; b,f0efMuD;ukdrS
raMumufeJU? 'D0efMuD;awG[m jcaumifawG jzpfEkdfif&if ta&;,l?
0efMuD;csKyfudk,fwkdif jcaumifMuD;jzpfae&ifvnf; bmrSraMumufeJU?
csufcsif;ta&;,lvdkU (p)oHk;vHk;tzGUJudk 0efMuD;csKyfu wdwdususrSmxm;w,f?
jcpm;wmudk ta&;,lwJhtcg jywfjywfom;om; ta&;,lapcsifwJh oabmeJU
(p)oHk;vHk;tzGJU[m ta0;rSmcsnf;bJ jcaumifawGudk vkduf&SmaewJhtwGuf
tem;uyfaewJh jcaumifawGudk rsufpd&Sef;aewwfw,f? olaewJh
0if'grD,m0if;rSm jcaumifawG &dScsif&dSaer,f? tJ'gaMumifh 0if'grD,mudkvnf;
rsufajcrjywf Munfhaeyg? jcaumifawGudkawGU&if vufraES;eJU?
csufcsif;ta&;,lygvkdU 0efMuD;csKyf[m olU(p)oHk;vHk;tzGJUudk rSmxm;w,f?
(p)oHk;vHk;trIaqmifvlMuD;awGeJU awGUwJhtcg wESpfMumwJhwkdifatmif
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUu vufusef qefa[mif;pm&if;udk
ray;EdkifwJhtaMumif;udk ajymjyw,f? tJ'Daemuf olrapmifhEdkifawmhbl;?
(p)oHk;vHk;tzGJUxJu oifhawmfrJht&m&dSawGudk tzGJUwckzGJUay;NyD; wEdkifiHvHk;rSm
vufusefqefa[mif;b,favmuf&dSw,fqkdwm pm&if;,lyg&apvkdU 0efMuD;csKyfu
wm0efay;&w,f? (p)oHk;vHk;tzGJU&JU MudKyrf;csufaMumifh pm&if;&wJhtcg
'Dqefa[mif;awGudk csefrxm;eJUawmh&wJhaps;eJU tm;vHk;a&mif;ypfvkdufvkdU
0efMuD;csKyfu 0efMuD;csKyfrsm;tpnf;ta0;wckrSm trdefUcsay;vkdufw,f?
0efMuD;csKyf[m olU (p)oHk;vHk;tzGJUeJU aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;udwfpudk
qufvufaqG;aEG;&if-
(1) aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&; tzGJU[m qefaumif;awGudkom
qefa[mif;awGqkdNyD; vdrfxkwfaewm r[kwfbl;? *HkeDtdwf taumif;awGudkvnf;
ta[mif;awGqkdNyD; vdrfxkwfaew,f? rMumcifubJ owif;tckdiftrm&vdkU
oGm;zrf;vkduf&ao;w,fqkdwmudk Mum;&w,f?
(2) tJ'Daemuf aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUu e,fawGrSm pyg;0,fwJh
t&m&dSawG[m pyg;ukd0,fNyD;NyD;jcif; aiGvufiif;racsbl;? vufrSwfawG
xkwfay;w,f? pyg;a&mif;wJh awmifolv,form;awG[m w&mwefvufrSwfudk
udk;q,fhig;usyfeJU 'Dt&m&dSawG arG;xm;wJh wynfhawGqDrSm
jyefa&mif;&w,fqkdwmvnf; Mum;&w,f?
(3) tJ'Daemuf tpdk;&ay;xm;wJhyHkpHtwkdif; qefpufawGu
qefawGudkMudwfay;ovm;? rMudwfay; bl;vm;qkdwmudk ppfaq;zkdUtwGuf
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUu qefpufawGrSm tapmifhcsxm;wJh
t&m&dSawG[m qefpufydkif&SifawGqDu vmbfpm;NyD; yHkpHudkufwJhqefawGudk
ykHpHudkufw,fvkdUvufrSwfxkd; ay;aeMuw,fqkdwmudkvnf; Mum;&w,f?
(EkdifiHjcm;EkdifiHwcsKdU[m qefawGudk 0,fNyD;rS oabFmwifwJhtcg
qeftawmfrsm;rsm;udk vufrcHEkdifbl;qkdNyD; y,fcsypfw,f? 'Dowif;udk
Mum;&wJhtcg olUt&m&dSawG aiGpm;NyD; rw&m; vkyfaeMuwmudk rodwJh
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m tawmfpdwfqdk;w,f? (p)oHk;vHk;u tpD&ifcHwmudk
Mum;&awmhrS? EkdifiHjcm;rSm Armhqefemrnfysufaewm 'gaMumifhudk;vkdU
0efMuD;csKyfoabmaygufw,f?)
(4) tJ'Daemuf aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJU&JU tawmf&ufpufwJh
t&m&dSwcsKdU[m pyg;udk wu,f r0,fbJ aiGudktvGJoHk;pm; vkyfvkdufNyD;
b,f*dka'gifawGrSm pyg;b,favmuf oGif;NyD;NyDvkdU vdrfxm;wJh tpD&ifcHpmawG
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vdrfxm;wJhtpD&ifcHpmawG ydkUMujyefw,f?
(5) tJ'Daemuf tifrwef ta&;MuD;wJhtcsufwcsufudk 0efMuD;csKyf[m
aemufxyfod&jyefw,f?aumuf yJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJU[m ESpfpOfESpfwkdif;
usyfaiG (2)uka#zdk;avmuf *HkeDtdwfawGudk tdEd,u0,f&w,f? *HkeDtdwfaps;[m
twuftus&Sdw,f? pD;yGm;a&;avmurSm "rwmjzpfaewJhtwkdif;
0,folvkdcsifwJhtcg aps;wufNyD; 0,folrvdkcsifwJhtcg aps;uswmbJ?
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJU[m *HkeDtdwfawGudk aps;uswkef; b,fawmhrS
r0,fbl;? qefawGudk EkdifiHjcm;wifydkUcgeD;rS tNrJwrf; *ref;*wef;
0,favh&dSw,f? tJ'DtcgrSm *HkeDtdwfa&mif;ol awmif;orQay;NyD; 0,f&wmbJ?
'Dvdkjzpf&wm[m em;rvnfvkdUr[kwfbl;? *HkeDtdwfa&mif;orm;awGeJU
aumufyJoD;ESHa&mif;0,fa&;tzGJUu txuft&m&dSMuD;awG em;vnfrI,lNyD;
vkyfaewmvdkU (p)oHk;vHk;u tckdiftvHk owif;&w,f? 'gayrJh 'DudwfprSm
tdEd,u *HkeDtdwfa&mif;orm;awGvnf; ygaewJhtwGuf trIay:atmif
(p)oHk;vHk;u rpHkprf;Edkifbl;? *HkeDtdwfudk tckvdk0,faewJhpepfudkom jyifay;ygvdkU
(p)oHk;vHk;u 0efMuD;csKyfudk tpD&ifcHw,f?
0efMuD;csKyf[m 'DtpD&ifcHcsufawGudkvnf; Mum;&w,f?
wjcm;jynfolydkifvkyfief;aweJU ywfoufNyD;awmhvnf; tvm;wl
tpD&ifcHcsufawGudk Mum;&w,f? tJ'gawGudk Mum;&wJhtcg vTwfawmfu
a&GUaumufwifajrmufxm;wJh pm&if;ppftzGJUxJu twkduftcH trwfwcsKdU[m
vTwfawmfusif;ywJh tcgwkdif;vdkvdk jynfolydkifvkyfief;awGrSm tkyfcsKyfa&;
nhHzsif;w,f? jcpm;awGaygw,f? pm&if;tif;ususee r&dSbl;? vGefcJhwJhESpfawGu
pm&if;awGudk ckxufxdrydwfEdkfifao;bl;vkdU ajymcJhwmawGudk
0efMuD;csKyfajy;NyD;owd&w,f? vTwfawmfxJrSm Mum;&wkef;u
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0efMuD;csKyf ,lqcJhw,f? tckrS twkduftcH trwfawGajymwm
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pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGudk jynfolykdifvkyfxm;oa&GU tckajymcJhwJh
tkyfcsKyfa&;nHhzsif;rI? jcpm;rI? qHk;&IH;epfemrIawG[m &dSaerSmbJ? 'Dpepfudk
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jynfolykdifpepfay:rSm pdwfawGajymif;oGm;w,fqkdwmudk 'Dae&mrSm eJeJavmuf
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jynfolydkifvkyfief;awG&JU tcsKyftjcmtmPmykdif tzGJUqdkwJh 0efMuD;rsm;tzGJU[m
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1/ EkdifiHa&;orm;awG pd;yGm;a&;avmurSm 0ifrpGufeJU? 0ifpGuf&if
pD;yGm;ysufvdrfhr,f?
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EkdifiHysufvdrfhr,f/
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tcef; 28
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o&ufaphu o&ufyifjzpfNyD; o&ufoD;oD;vmatmif vkyf&wJh udwfp
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cyfvG,fvG,f? cyfjrefjref tjrpfrwG,fbl;/ aemifukdvnf; cyfvG,fvG,f
cyfjrefjref tjrpfwG,frSm r[kwfbl;/ tJ'gaMumifh 'drkdua&pDudk
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xm;NyD; vkyf&rSmbJ?
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4/ jynfolvlxk&JU pm;0wfaea&;tqifhtwef;[m b,favmufxdjrifhw,f/
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odyfysufw,f/ tpu ukef;aumufp&mawmifr&SdwJh tmPm&SifMuD;
tmPUm&Sifav;awG[m aeUcsif;ncsif; olaX;MuD;awG
olaX;uav;awGjzpfukefw,f/ olwdkUudk xdef;ausmif; ay;rJU twdkuftcH
tzGJUvnf; r&Sdbl;/ owif;pmvnf; r&Sdbl;/ vTwfawmfvnf; r&Sdbl;/
Oya'vnf; r&Sdbl;/
'Drkdua&pD EkdifiHawGeJU tmPm&SifEkdifiHawGudk a&mufwJhtcg
tckajymcJhwJhtcsufawG[m b,favmuftxdrSefw,f? rrSefbl;qkdwmudkvnf;
'Dyk*kdvfawG[m txl;ta&;ay;NyD; avhvmcJhMu&r,f/
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek 'kwd,tMudrftmPmtodr;frcH&rDu NAdwdoQaumifpD&JU em,u
ArmEkdifiHudk tvnfvmzl;w,f/ tJ'Dem,uu EkdifiHa&;orm;wcsKdUudk
bdvyfzdwfcsifw,fvkdU ajymwJhtwGuf OD;Ek[m bdvyfoGm;rJhtzGJUxJrSm
'Drkdua&pDaxmufcHwJh EkdifiHa&;orm;awGa&muefUuGufaewJh EkdifiHa&;orm;awGyg
xnfhay;vkdufw,f/ tJ'dtzGJU ArmEkdifiH udk jyefa&mufvmwJhtcg
wacgufwnf;eJUbJ tusKd;&Sdw,fqkdwmudk OD;Ek awGUcJh&bl;w,f/
wcgwkef;u AkdvfcsKyfae0if;tpkd;& [m armfpudk udk uGefjrLepf0g' toJpGJ
,kHMunfaewJh wufuodkvf u xduwOD; vTwfvkdufzl;w,f/ tJ'Duxdu[m
armfpudkrSm 3ESpfavmufMumw,f? Armjynfudk jyefvmwJHtcg bdvyfu
vSJUjyefw,f/ tJ'DrSm olUwynfha[mif;wOD;eJU awGUwJhtcg-
ArmuGefjrLepfawGudk tpGJjzKwfcsif&if bmrSrvkyfeJU? armfpudkudkom
vTwfvkdufayawmhvkdU tJ'DtxJu olUwynhfa[mif;udk 0rf;xJu vIdufvIdufvSJvSJ
jzpfvmwJh toHMuD;eJU ajymoGm;cJhw,f/
'drkdua&pDtwGuf toufay;NyD; umuG,fr,fh ppfom;aumif;awGjzpfvmatmif
jynfolvlxkudk vkyfay;bkdUqkdwJh 'kwd,tykdif;udk taumiftxnfazmfwJhtcg
EkdifiHa&;acgif;aqmiftrsdK;rsKd;[m olwkdU MudKuf&m enf;trsKd;rsKd;udk
okH;MurSmygbJ/ 'DudwfpeJU ywfoufNyD; 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m b,fvkd
vkyfcJhw,fqkdwm udk 'Dae&mrSm tusOd;csKyfavmuf azmfjyyg&ap/
1948 ckESpf? 1949 ckESpfawGwkef;uolykefa7mifpkHawGaMumifh
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH[m jydKusysufpD;&awmhrJh tajctaexd
pkdufa&mufcJh&w,fqdkwmudk pmzwfolwkdU aumif;aumif;rSwfrdMuygvdrfhr,f/
tJ'dvkd tifrwef qkd;0g;aewJhtcsdefrSm0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m tcsuf7csufygwJh
'Drkdua&pDoabmw&m;duk yifyrf;&rSef;rodbJ rem;raeeJU ZJGaumif;aumif;eJU
a[m avh&Sdw,f/ 'dtcsuf 7csuf[m atmufygtwkdif;jzpfw,f/
1? EkdifiHwEkdifiH[m vlwpkuom ykdifwJh ypfpnf; r[kwfbl;/
EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;wkdif;tm;vkH; pkaygif;NyD;ydkifwJh tm;vkH;ykdifypfpnf;jzpfw,f/
2/ 'DvkdykdifwmaMumifh EkdifiHolEkdifiHom;vlrsm;pku MunfMunfjzLjzL
a&G;aumufwifajrmufjcif;udk cH&wJh yk*dkvf (okdUr[kwf) tzGJUuomvQif
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3? tkyfcsKyfwJhtcg xifovkd t&r;ftkyfcsKyfvkdUr&bl;/ jynfolvlxku
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4? jynfolvlxk[m *kPfodufcg &SdwJhvlawGvkdaeEkdifatmif vGwfvyfpGm
a[majymcGifh? udk;uG,fcGifh? pD;yGm;&SmcGifh? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;udk Oya't&
wdkufzsufykdifcGifh tp&SdwJh jynfolvlxkw&yfvkH;&JU arG;&myg rlv
tcGihfta&;rsm;udk ckdifckdifvkHvkH tmrcHxm;wJh Oya'awG&Sd&r,f/
5/ t&G,fa&mufolwkdif; rJay;ykdifcGifh&SD&r,f/
6/ jynfolvlxk trsm;pk&JUaxmufcHrIukdr&wJh tpkd;&tzGJU[m tvkdtavsmuf
&mxl;uEIwfxGufay;&r,f/
7/ tckajymcJhwJh t"dutcsufawGudk vufcHEkdifwJh oabmw&m;[m
w&m;rQwjcif; ? vGwfvyfjcif;/ nDrQjcif; qkdwJhavmuygvw&m;awGudk
tajccHxm;wJh oabmw&m;jzpfw,f/ 'Doabmw&m;udk 'Drkdua&pD
vkdUac:w,f/ 'Drkdua&pD r&SdwJh EkdifiHawGrSm vljzpf&wm[m a*G;oif;cHxm;&wJh
EGm;jzpfwmeJUtwlwlygbJ? tJ'gaMumifh 'Drkdua&pDudk zsufqD;olrSeforQ udk rkcs
cHcs&r,f/
jynfolvlxk&JU toJxJudk pGJNyD;0ifoGm;atmif 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m 'D7csufudk
enf;trsKd;rsKd;eJU a[m ajymNyD; xyfcgwvJvJ &dkufoGif;ay;cJhw,f/ OD;Ek[m
tckvkd a[majym&kHeJU rauseyfao;bl; / 'D7csufukd pm&Gufpmwr;f awG
&kdufNyD;a0w,f/ 'D7csuftay:rSDxm;wJh jyZmwfwyk'fudk olukd,fwkdifa&;NyD;
wEkdifiHvkH;udk a0w,f/ zwfpmtkyftjzpfeJU ausmif;awGrSm toifckdif;w,f/
tJ'DjyZmwfudk &kyf&Sif&kdufNyD; vSnf;aeavSatmif; jrif;aZmif;rusef
jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQudk tcrJhjyw,f/
'Dtcsuf 7 csufudk ulnDjzefUcsDay;wJhtaeeJU Armhowif;pmwkdufwkdufu
OD;Eka&;wJh jyZmwfudk umwGef;tjzpfeJU a&;qGJNyD; owif;pmxJrSmvnf;
xnfhay;w,f/ umwGef;pmtkyftjzpfeJUvnf; jzefUcsDay;w,f?
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m ausmif;awGrSm jyZmwftjzpfeJU oifay;wJhtjyif 'D 7 csufudk
wjcm;enf;rsKd;pkHeJU oifay;zdkUvnf; pdwfuk;rdygao;w,f/ aemufNyD;awmhvnf;
'D 7 csufudk aqG;aEG;rJh aqG;aEG;yGJawG wEkdifiHvkH;rSm vkyfay;zkdU? 'D 7 csufudk
rSDNyD;a &;xm;wJh uAsmjydKifyGJ awG? yef;csDjyyGJawG? umwGef;jydKifyGJawG wekdifiHvkH;rSm
vkyfay;bkdU pdwful;rdygao;w,f/ 'gayrJh pdwful;awGudk
taumiftxnfazmfay;r,fh tzGJUtpnf;r&SdwmaMumifh OD;Ek[m 0r;feJpGmeJUbJ
tJ'Dtcgwkef;uvufavQmhay;cJh&w,f/
'Dtcsuf 7 csufudk jynfolvlxk&JU toJxJrSm pGJoGm;atmif vkyfay;Ekdif&if
jynfolvlxk[m 'Drkdua&pd tay:rSm jyif;jyif;jyjy ,kHMunfvmvdrfhr,f/ 'Dvkd
,kHMunfvmwJh jynfolvlxk[m 'Drkdua&pDudk zsufvkdzsufqD; vkyfwJhvlawG
ay:vm&if vufykdufMunfhaerSmr[kwfbl; olwkdUwwfEkdifwJhenf;eJU
wckckawmhvkyfrSmbJ/ tEken;feJU vkyfEkdif&if tekenf;eJU vkyfr,f/
tMurf;enf;eJU vkyfEkdif&if tMurf;enf;eJU vkyfr,f / 'Dtwkdif;rSefw,fqkdwmudk
1948 eJU 1949 ckESpfawGwkef;u 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ekukd,fwkdif
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;awGUcJh&w,f/
tJ'DESpfawGwkef;u olykefa&mifpkHawG&JU 0kdif;ESufwJh 'Pfudk ocifEktpkd;&
rcHEkdifygbll;vkdU jynfwGif;a&m jynfyrSmyg vlyk*kdvf tcsKdU edrdwf zwfcJhMuw,f
r[kwfbl;vm;/ ArmEkdifiH[m a&mifpkHolykefawG&JU vufwGif;udk
oufqif;rSmygbJvkdU 'DvlawG a[mudef;trsKd;rsKd;
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a[mudef;awG xkwfaewJhMum;xJu ocifEktpkd;&axmifwufvmatmif
vkyfay;vkdufwJh taMumif;awGxJrSm jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH[m
a*smufxJusroGm;bJ vGwfajrmufvmatmif vkyfay;wJh taMumif; awGxJrSm
'Drkdua&pD udk jrwfEkd;MuwJh jynfolvlxk&JU wwfEkdifwJhbufu 0kdif;0ef;ulnDrI
awG[m &mckdifEIH; tawmfrsm;rsm; ygw,f/
'DtjzpftysufawGudk ukd,fwkdifjrifawGU&NyD; 'Drkdua&pD&JU wefckd;eJU
tiftm;tay:rSm OD;Ek &JU ,kHMunfrIawG[m a&S;uxuf
tqaygif;rsm;pGmykdjyif;vmw,f/ 'dvkd jyif;xefvmwmaMumifh 1954
ckESpfavmufu ppfwufuodkvf zGifhyGJrSm OD;Ek 'DvkdausnmcJhzl;w,f/
rmcfpf0g'orm;awG u ubmMuD;rSm aemufqkH;wkdufyGJ[m "e&SifeJU ypfpnf;rJU
vlwef;pm;awG&JU wkdufyGJjzpf&r,f/ tJ'DwkdufyGJrSm ypfpnf;rJh vlwef;pm awGu
Ekdif&r,fvkdU a[mudef;awG xkwfMuw,f/ 'g[m rrSefbl;/ 'DubmMuD;rSm
aemufqkH;wkdufyGJ[m 'Drkdua&pDukd cspfjrwfEkd;wJh jynfolvlxkeJU 'DvkdcspfjrwfEkd;wJh
jynfolvlxkudk a*G;oif;xmwJh EGm; awGvkd jzpfatmif zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fxm;wJh
tmPm&Sif awG wkdufMuwJh wkdufyGJbJ jzpf&r,f/ tJ"daemufqkH;wkdufyGJrSm
'drkdua&pDudk cspfjrwfEkd;wJh jynfolvlxku {uefrvGJ atmifyGJcH&r,fvkdU
0efMuD;csKyfOD;Eku twdtvif; tjyif;txef MuKH;0g;cJhbl;w,f/
'DrQavmuf wefckd;&Sdw,fvdkU ol,kHMunfaewJh 'Drkdua&pD[m
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHrSm tjrpfwG,fatmif vkyfzkdU OD;Ek[m ESpfMudrfwkdifwkdif
MudK;pm;cJhzl;w,f/ yxrtMudrf[m 1950 jynhfESpfavmufrSm pw,fxifw,f/
0efMuD;csKyf OD;Ek[m tJ'D yxrtMudrf MudK;yrf;csuftaeeJU 'Drkdua&pD
oabmw&m; jzefUcsDa&; toif; udk xlaxmifay;cJhw,f/ 'Dtoif;[m
&HykHaiGtwGuf jynfolvlxkqDu tvSL cHw,f/ 0efMuD;csKyf oabmtwkdif;
okH;EkdifwJh &HykHaiGxJu tenf;tusOf; xkwf,lNyD;awmh vnf; OD;Ek[m 'Dtoif;udk
axmufyHhw,f/ 'gayrJh 'Dtoif;rSm tcsdefjynfhtvkyfvkyfEkdifwJH tvkyform;awG
r&SdwJHtwGuf 0efMuD;csKyfeJU 'Drkdua&pDrSm jyif;jyif;xefxef pdwf0ifpm;olwpk
tm;vyfcGifh&wJhtcgrsdK;rSm bJ 'dtoif;rSm vIyf&Sm;rI&Sdawmfhw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh
0efMuD;csKyfarQmfrSef;xm;wJhtwkdif; 'Drkdua&pD tjrpfwG,fa&;twGuf
wGifwGifus,fus,f tvkyfrvkyfEkdifcJhbl;/ 1958ckESpxJrSm OD;Ek[m
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'Dvkdtoif;rsKd;OD;Ek[m 'kwd,tMudrf xlaxmif&atmif
b,fvkdMudK;pm;cJh&w,fqkdwm aemuftcef;wcka&mufrSbJ qufajymygawmhr,f/
tcef; (29)
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tJ'DEkdifiHawGxJu wcsKdUEkdifiHawGrSm OD;Ek[m b,folawGeJU awGUcJhw,f?
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eJeJpDavmuf tusOf;csKyfNyD; 'Dtcef;rSm az:jycsifw,f?
tdEd,jynf
w&kwfjynf
(u)
w&kwf uGefjrLepfawG[m 1949ckESpftwGif;rSm w&kwfjynfrMud; wckvkH;udk
odr;f,lEkdifcJhw,f/ tJ'dtcsdefupNyD; w&kwfjynfeJU tar&duef jynfaxmifpkwkdU&JU
y#dyufc [m waeUwjcm; ykdrjdkyif;xefvmwJht wGuf 'DEkdifiHMuD; ESpfEkdifiH[m
ppfjzpfawmhrvm; qkdNyD; wubmvkH; &ifwrreJU apmihfMunfhaeMu&w,f/
OD;Ek[m ubmolubmom; wOD;jzpfwJhtwGuf tckajymovkd
apmifhMunfhaewJholawG&JU xJrSm wOD; tjzpfeJU {uefrkcs ygrSmygbJ/ 'gayrJU
wjcm;ubmolubmom;tawmfrsm;rsm;xuf ykdNyd; &ifwrr jzpfp7m taMumif;
wck OD;EkrSm&Sdaew,f/ 'DtaMumif;udk 'Dae&mrSm enf;enf;avmufajymyg&ap?
OD;Ek[m 'kwd,ubmppfMuD;twGif;u 1940 jynhfESp f'DZifbmvxJrSm
apwemaumif;tzGJU0if ( Goodwill mission ) wOD;tjzpfeJU w&kwfjynf
uGefrif; cRefuif;? csefwl;NrdKU 3ckudk a&mufoGm;cJhbl;w,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u zufqpf
*syefawGu AkH;awGeJUMuJ tajrmufawGeJUypfxm;vkdU w&kwfawG &p&mr&Sdatmif
aoaMuaeMuwmawGudk txl;ojzifh ca;vawG twkH;t&kH;eJU aoaeMuwmudk
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udkvnf; OD;Eka&mufcJh&w,f/ tJ'd"mwfykHawGeJU tJ'dcav;awGudkawGUwJhtcgrSm
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tar&duef jynfaxmifpk wkdU ppfrsm;jzpf&if tar&duef AkH;qH?
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'gayrJH rwwfEkdifbl;qkdNyD; 'Dudwfpudk olvufykduf Munfhraejcifbl;/
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vkyfcsifaew,f/ bmrS rvkyfEkdifbl;qkd&ifawmif tcGifhaumif;&wJhtcg
w&kwfacgif;aqmifawGeJU tar&duef acgif;aqmifawGudk
acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm;cifAsm/ &efolrjzpfMuygeJU rdwfaqG jzpfMuyg?
qkdwmuav;avmuf udkawmh teJqkH;tjzpfeJU olajymcsifaew,f/ tJ'DvkdajymbkdU
tcGifhaumif; &Smaewkef; 1954ckESpf rSm w&kwf 0efMuD;csKyf acsmiftifvkdif
&efukefudk tvnfa&mufvmw,f/ ol&JU zdwfMum;csuft& OD;Ek[m 1954 ckESpf
tukefavmufrSm yDuif;udk tvnfvmbkdU oabmwlvkdufNyD;
oltifrwefajymcsifaewJh w&kwftar&duef cspfMunfa&;taMumif; udk
w&kwfjynfrSm olajym&awmhr,fvkdU awG;&if; OD;Ek 0rf;tomMuD;omaew,f/
(c )
w&kwfjynfc&D;xGufcged; usif;ywJh 0efMuD;rsm;tpnf;ta0;wckrSm
0efMuD;csKyfacsmiftifvkdif; eJU awGUwJhtcg w&kwf -Arm e,ferdwf owfrSwfbkdU
udwfpudk aqG;aEG;cJhygvkdU 0efMuD;awGu 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ekudk 0kdi;fNyD;rSmMuw,f/
'kwd, 0efMuD;csKyf OD;ausmfNidr;fuqkd&if taemufEkdifiHom;awG a&;xm;wJh pmtkyf
okH;av;tkyf ,lvmNyD; tJ'dpmtkyfawG xJu w&kwf -Arm e,fjcm;eJU qkdifwJh
pmykd'f awG zwfjyw,f/ OD;ausmfNidrf;&JU tqkdt&qkd&if 'Dpmykd'fawGudk udk;um;NyD;
jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiHxJu e,fajrwckav;udkrS ray;bJ ArmawG ykdifcJhwJh
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0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m awmif;vmcJhapcsifw,f/ 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m 'Drludk
oabmrusbl;/ w&kwf-Arm e,fjcm;owfrSwfa&;udwfprSm Armtpkd;&u
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ajrmufbuf u e,fajrawg rSeforQ ygaew,fvkdU OD;Eku ajymwJhtcg w&kwf
- Arm pmcsKyfwckt& 'Dvkdjzpf&wmvkdU 0efMuD;csKyfcsKtifvkdif;u ajymzl;w,f/
'DpmcsKyfrSm Arm&Sifbk&ifawGvufxufu w&kwf tpkd;& eJU
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jrdKUajrmufbuf u w&kwfykdif e,fajrawGudk w&kwf tmPmykdifawG
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Aef;armfjrdKUtxd qefwufcGifh&Sdw,fvkdU azmfjyxm;w,f/ 'gayrJh 'gawGudk
pkd;&drfp&m r&Sdygbl;/ w&kwf -Arm e,ferdwf owfrSwfwJhtcg w&m;ojzifh
jzpfatmi fvkyfay;ygr,fvkdU w&kwf0efMuD;csKyfcsKtifvkdif;u ajymoGm;zl;w,f/
tJ'Dawmh Armtpkd;&u pmtkyfawG pm&Gufpmwr;fawGpmcsKyfta[mif;awGudk
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pmt&Gufpmwr;fawG pmcsKyfta[mif;awGudk ukd;um; vmvdrhfr,f/ 'Dvkdqkd&if
w&kwf -Arm e,fjcm; owfrSwfa&;udwfp[m odyfMumoGm;vdrfhr,f/
w&kwfawGtwGuf MumvkdU udwfp r&Sdbl;/ olwkdUapmifhEkdifw,f/ ArmawGu
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apmifha&SmufjyKpkw,f/ Arm{nhfcHa&; tzGJU0ifawGudkvnf; txl;*&kpkdufMubkdU
OD;EkrSmxm;w,f/ Armjynudk txl;vmwJh tzGJU0ifawGudkomru Armjynfudk
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&if;&if;ESD;ES;d jyKpk apmifha&Smufw,f? waeUrSm OD;Ek&JU zdwfMum;csuft& 'korw
r'rf qGef,ufqif[m ArmEkdifiHudk tvnfvmw,f/ Od;Ekudk vufaqmif
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tJ'dopfyifav;[m touf 60 ausmfaeNyD? yef;tkd;uav;xJrSm
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OD;Ek b,fvkd wnfaqmufaew,f qkdwm w&kwfjynfudk jyefvmMuwJh
tzGJU0ifawGqDu Mum;zl;aew,f xifyg&JU? OD;Ekud kr'rfqGef,ufqifu
tJ'Dopfyifuav;udk ay;wJhtcg0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek w&kwf-ArmcspfMunfa&;udk
txl;apmihfa&Smufovkd 'Dopfyifuav;udkvnf; txl;apmifha&Smufyg vkdU
ajymNyD; ay;w,f/ ( w&kwf - ArmtaMumif;udk cPavmufjzwfvkdufNyD;
tpDtpOftwkdif; jzpfatmif ArmeJU wjcm;EkdifiHawG&JU qufqHa&; taMumif;udk
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w&kwfjynfu Armjynfudk tjyef ajrmufAD,uferf&JU jrdKUawmf [EGdKifukd OD;Ek
cP0ifw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdef[m 1948ckESpfu pNyD; AD,uferf[m jyifopfwkdUeJU 8
ESpfwkdifwkdif jzpfcJh&wJh ppfyGJNyD; cgptcsdefjzpfw,f/ tJ'd &SpfESpf ppfyGJtwGif;
1948 ckESp fxJrSm Armjynf[m vGwfvyfa&; &cJhw,f/ 'gayrJh vGwfvyfa&;
&puwn;fu jzpfcJh&wJh jynfwGif;ppfyGJaMumifh ArmwEkdifiHvkH; ysufvkrwwf
jzpfcJh&NyD; Armtpkd;&[mvnf; olawmif;pm;tpkd;&b0udk a&mufoGm;cJh&w,f/
'Dvkd a&mufae&ayr,hf wkdif;&if;om;eJU e,fcsJUorm;awG ppfjzpfwJhtcg
'Dolawmif;pm; tpkd;&[m tNidrfaevkdU r&bl;/ olUolawmif;pm; cGufxJu
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'DvkdulnDwmudkd jyifopftpkd;& aumif;aumif; odw,f/ Armtpkd;&&JU
jynfxJa&;0efMuD; OD;ausmfNidrf;[m tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u bdvyfutjyef jyifopfudk
tvnf0ifwJhtcg jyifopfEkdifiHjcm;a&;0efMuD;udk 0ifNyD; EIwfqufzdkU
cGifhawmif;cJhzl;w,f/ awGUcGifhrjyKbl;/
OD;EkwkdUtzGJU0ifawG[m armfawmfum; ay:u qif;NyD; {nfha*[m xJudk
0ifrdwmeJU wjydKifeuf {nhfa*[m &JU wHcg;wck aemufrSm tomykef;aewJh
orw [kdcsDrif;[m jAKef;ueJxGufNyD; bmrSrajymbJ OD;Ekudk zufNyD; yg;udk
erf;vkdufw,f/ OD;Ek[m [kdcsDrif;&JU "gwfykHukd awGUzl;aevkdUom olUudk
zufNyd;erf;ol[m orwMuD; [kdcsDrif;bJvkdU odwm/ "gwfykHudkom rjrifbl;&if
odrSmr[kwfbl;/
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0wfxm;w,f/ tJ'D &SyftusDFeJU abmif;bD[m ususee rD;ylwkdufxm;wJh
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vrf;avQmufykH? aeykHxkdifykH? wbufom; udk MunfhykH&IykH? wbufom;eJU
qufqHykH? pum;ajymykH qkdykHawGudk OD;Ek aoaocsmcsm tuJjzwfw,f/
[efvkyfwmawG wckrS rawGU&bl;/ ol[m orwjzpfw,fqkdwmudk awmif vkH;0
owdr&ovkd jzpfaew,f/ OD;Ek orwMuD; [kdcsDrif;&JU &kd;om;ykH ESdrfhcsykH avmuD
yumoeawGrSm pdwfr0ifpm;ykH? [efrvkyfwwfykHawGudk MunhfNyd; orwMuD;
[kdcsDrif;udk wpdrfhpdrfh MunfnKdaew,f/
Od;Ek[m tifrwef A[kokw eJw,f/ orwMuD;[kdcsDrif;[m vlysKdMud;qkdwmudk
tJ'Dwkef;u rodbl;/ tJ'gaMumifh orwMuD; om;orD;
b,fESpfa,muf&SdovJvkdU orwMuD;[kdcsDrif;udk ar;w,d/
orwMud;[kdcsDrif;[m OD;Ekudk jyKH;NyD;Munfh&if; trsm;Mud;bJvkdU ajzw,f/
OD;Ek[m tawmf tw,f/ tJ'dtcsdeftxd [kdcsDrif;&JU tajz t"dyg,fudk
em;rvnfao;bl;/ tJ'gaMumifh b,fESpfa,muf&SdovJvkdU OD;Eku xyfar;w,f/
tJ'dtcg orwMuD; [kdcsDrif;u AD,uferfwEkdifiHvkH;u wkdif;oljynfom;
tm;vkH;[m olUom;orD;awGcsnf;bJvkdU ajzNyD; &,faew,f/
OD;EkwkdUudkxm;wJh {nhfa*[m qkdwm jyifopfawGvufxufwkef;u jyifopf
bk&ifcHaewJh tdrfeJUwlw,f/ ppfyGJNyD;cgpqkdawmh tJ'DtdrfrSm b,folrS
raeao;bl;/ OD;EkwkdUvmawmhrS tdrfudk uysmu,meJU vSJcg
xm;&wmeJUwlw,f/ Od;EkwkdU[m [EGdKifrSm wnbJwnf;w,f/ aemufwaeU
reufavqdyfudk rqif;cif OD;Ek[m aemufaz;oGm;csifw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh
tdrfomtzkH;udk zGifhvkdufwJhtcg tdrfomxJrSm yk&GufqdwftkHMuD; udk awGU&w,f/
tJ'd tay:rSm aemufaz;oGm;csvkduf&if 'Dyk&GufqdwfawG aoukefrSmbJ? tJ'Dawmh
OD;Ek oGm;csvkdU rjzpfbl;/ aemufaz;uvnf; tifrwefoGm;csifaeNyD/ tJ'Dawmh
rwwfEkdifbl;/ csD;urkwfab;em;rSm rdef;rawG pD;oGm;wJh qD;urkwfwck&Sdw,f/
tJ'dtay:rSmbJ OD;Ek aemufaz; oGm;csvkduf&w,f/ NyD;wJhtcg OD;Ek [m
a&cGufeJU a&avmif;csvkduf&w,f/ a&aygufuvnf;ao;NyD; ydwfaewJhtwGuf
csd;awG[m atmufudk usroGm;bl;/ tJ'D qD;urkwfay:rSm a&awGeJU
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aemufaz;oGm;cJh&wmudk bJ cPcP owd&aew,f/ 'D Arm0efMuD;csKyf[m
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rodbl;/qD;urkwfay:rSm csD;awG ,kdcsoGm;w,fvkdUajymNyd; tJ'D{nhfa*[m
apmifhwJhvlawG[m w0g;0g;eJU &,faeMuawmhrSmbJqkdwJh pdwful;[m
&efukefjyefa&mufvkdU tawmfMumonfhwkdifatmif OD;Ek&JU OD;aESmufrSm cP cP
ay:aew,f/
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tJ'gaMumifh bdvyfrSm &SdwJh ajrmuf AD,uferfudk,fpm;vS,ftdrfudkoGm;Nyd;
vGrf;olUyef;acGvnf; ykdUw,f/ {nhfonfpmtkyfxJrSmvnf; vufrSwfxdk;w,f/
0efMuD;csKyf zefbrfa'gif qDudk vnf; 0r;feJaMumif; pmwapmifa&;vkdufw,f/
1956 ckESpftwGif;rSm 0efMuD;csKyf&mxl;u OD;Ek EIwfxGufoGm;NyD;wJhtcg
awmifAD,uferf&JU orw Zifu zdwfwJhtwGuf OD;Ek[m qkdif*kHudk
tvnfoGm;w,f/ &efukefurxGufcif orwZiftaMumif; odolawGu
orwZif tifrwef vrf;avQmufjrefw,f vkdU OD;Ekudk
owday;vkdufw,f/OD;Ekuvnf; vrf;avQmuftifrwefjrefw,fqkdawmh
tawmfygbJ/ olwkdUESpfa,muf vrf;avQmufaeMuwJhtcg aemufu vlawG
tawmfajy;NyD;v kdufMu&w,f/
orwZifeJU olU0efMuD;awG[m Oa&mywkdufom;awG&JU t0wftpm;udk
0wfMuw,f/ OD;EkwkdUvlpk[m ArmtrsKd;om; t0wftpm;awGudk 0wfNxm;wm
awGU&wJhtcg orwMuD;Zif[m tawmf oabmusw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh
olU0efMuD;awG[m OD;EkwkdU awmifAD,uferfrSm &Sdaewkef; AD,uferf
trsKd;om;0wfpkH0wf7r,fvkdU nGefMum;vkdufw,f/ olvnf;0wfw,f/
Armtpkd;&u awmifAD,uferfudk todtrSwfjyKapcsifwJh qef'
orwZifrSm&Sdaew,f/ 'gayrJh AD,uferf[m awmiffESifhajrmuf
ESpfykdif;uGJaewJhtwGuf Armtpkd;&rSm 'DudwfpeJU ywfoufNyd;
tcuftcJ&Sdaew,f/ todtrSwfjyK&if awmifESihfajrmuf ESpfykdif;pvkH;ukd jyK?
rjyK&ifvnf; b,foludkrS todtrSwfrjyKeJU/ wydkif;udkom jyKNyD; tjcm;wykdif;ukd
rjyK&if ArmjynfeJU y#dyu jzpfvmp&mtaMumif;&Sdw,f/
orwZif&JU nDeJU tJ'DnD&JU ZeD; r'rfEl;ukdvnf; awGUcJh&w,f/ r'rfEl;[m
tawmfvSwJh trsKd;orD; wOD;jzpfw,f/
orwZifeJU olnDwkdU tmPm tvkcH&NyD; tmPmvkolawGu 0wfausmif;xJrSm
owfypfvkdufMuw,fqkdwJh owif;[m OD;Ek&JU pdwfudk trsm;Mud;
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w&kwfEdkifiHu ArmEdkifudkjyefa&mufvmNyD; rMumcif OD;Ek[m tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiH
bHka*gNrdKUrSm usif;yrJh udkvHbdk ig;EdkifiH nDvmcHwuf&atmif tif'dkeD;&Sm;udk
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usif;yw,f/ OD;Ektjyif 0efMuD;csKyf qyfpx&dktmrpf*sKd*sKd (Sastro Admidjojo)
0efMuD;csKyfae&l;/ 0efMuD;csKyf qm*RefaumfwDvm0gvm 0efMuD;csKyf rmruftvDwdkU
wufa&mufMuw,f/ tif'dkeD;&Sm;tpdk;&&Jh udk,fpm; 0efMuD; csKyf
qyfpxtmypf*sKd*sKdu tmz&dueJU tm&SEdkifiHaygif;pHk nDvmcHwckudk 1955 ckESpf
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urmrSm e,fcsJUorm;awG MuD;pdk;aepOfu tmz&duef acgif;aqmifawGeJU tm&S
acgif;aqmifawG awGUqHkMuzdkUqdkwm xm;ygtHk;/ tmz&duef
acgif;aqmifawGtcsif;csif; tm&S acgif;aqmifawG tcsif;csif;
awGUqHkbdkUqdkwmawmif rjzpfEdkifbl;/ tJ'gaMumifhtmz&duefeJU
tm&Sacgif;aqmifawGtcsif;csif; awGUqHkEdkifatmifzefwDay;rJh nDvmcH tqdfk udk
udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;u oabmwl vufcHMuw,f/ 'gayrJh b,fEdkifiHawGudk
zdwfrvJqdkwJh jyoemudk aqG; aEG;MuwJhtcg tcuftcJ eJeJay:vmw,f/
0efMuD;csKyf qyfpx&dktmrpf*sKd*sKdu tpöa&;vfEdkifiHudk rzdwfcsifbl;/ tJ'Dtcg
tpöa&;vfEdkifiH[m tm&SwdkufxJu EdkifiHwEdkifiHbJ/ olUudkbmjzpfvdkU
rzdwfbJxm;&rSm vJvdkU OD;Eku ar; w,f/ tpöa&;vfudkomzdwfvdkuf&if
tif'dkeD;&Sm;rSm olykefxukefvdrfhr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh tpöa&;vfudk zdwfbdkU
rwdkufwGef;bdkU OD;Ekudk uRefawmf awmif;yefwmvdkU 0efMuD;csKyf
qyfpx&dktmrpf*sKd*sKdu ajymwJhtwGuf OD;Ekvnf; tpöa&;vfudpöudk
qufrajymawmhygbl;/ tpöa&;vfudk rzdwfxm;bdkU tqdkom
twnfjzpfoGm;w,f/ tJ'Daemuf ygupöwef0efMuD;csKyf rmruftvDu
w&kwfjynfolU orwEdkifiHudk rzdwfxm;bdkU tqdkoGif;w,f/ w&kwfjynfolU
orwEdkifiHudk rzdwfbJxm;&if tmz&dueJU tm&SEdkifiHrsm;nDvmcHudk
wm0efcHzdwfac:rJh udkvHbdkig;EdkifiHtzGJUu ArmEdkifiH EIwfxGufr,fvdkU OD;Eku
'Hk;wdMuD; ausnmvdkufwJwtwGuf 0efMuD;csKyfrmruftvD[m olUtqdkudk
jyefvnf&kwfodrf;oGm;w,f/ bdka*gNrdU[m tvGefaevdkUxdkifvdkUaumif;wJhNrKdUbJ/
tJ'DNrKdUrSm urmausmf yefO,mOfw ck&Sdw,f/ tJ'DO,mOfrSm wjcm;tyifawGxuf
yef;yifwyifudk OD;EkydkNyD; pdwf0ifpm;w,f/ tJ'Dtyifu yef;yGifhawG[m olwdkU
e*dktwdkif;qdk&if yGifhaeMuw,f/ 'gayrJh tJ'Dyef;yGifhawGxJu 0wfqHawGudk
,ifaumif - ydk;aumift p&SdwJh taumifuav;awG 0ifpm;&if 'Dyef;yGifhawG[m
yGifhae&mu tvdkvdk ydwfoGm;w,f/ OD;Ek[m O,smOfrSL; &JU cGihfjyKcsuft&
ydwfaewJh yef;yGifh tawmfrsm;rsm;udk NzJNyD; txJrSmrdaewJh ,ifaumif-ydk;aumif
uav; awGudk trsm;MuD; v$wfypfcJhw,f/
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tpdk;&tzGJU acgif;aqmifawG tawmfawmfrsm;rsm; wufMuw,f/
udk,fpm;vS,fawG rsm;oavmuf t,ltqawGu vnf; trsKd;rsKd; jzpfaewJh
twGuf nDvmcHNyD;wJhtcg tm;vHk;oabmwl vufcHEdkifwJh ausnmcsufudk
xkwfjyefEdkifatmif udk,fpm;vS,fawG tawmfMudK;pm;,l&w,f/
nDvmcHrSm ajymMuwJh pum;awG aqG;aEG;csufawG xkwfjyefcsufawG[m
trSeftwdkif;ajym&&if pdwf0ifpm;p&m raumif;vSygbl;/ 'gayrJh nDvmcH
wufMu&if; acgif;aqmifawG[m wOD;eJUwOD; &if;ESD;oGm;Muw,f/ rdwfaqG &if;
csm jzpfoGm;Muw,f/ tckvdk tcsif;csif; aygif;oif;cGifh&wm[m
nDvmcHxufydkNyD; pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif; w,f/ wefbdk;vnf; rsm;MuD;&Sdw,fvdkU
OD;Ek ,HkMunfw,f/
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olUtzGJUxJrSm xrif;csuf aumif;aumif;awG ygvmw,f/ t*Fvdyfvdk
aumif;aumif;ajymEdkifwJh w&kwfpum;jyefvnf; ygw,f/tm&yfvdk
aumif;aumif;ajymEdkifwJh w&kwfpum;jyefvnf;ygw,f/ nDvmcH&uftwGif;
olU{nfha*[mrSm aeUvnfpmpm;yGJ/ npmpm;yGJ aeUwdkif;&Sdw,f/ wnrSm
xrif;pm;zdwfvdkU 0efMuD;csKyf csK&Jh {nfha*[m udk OD;Ek oGm;&w,f/ OD;Ek
a&mufwJhtcsdefrSm wjcm;{nfhonfawmfawG tawmfpHkaeNyD;/ 0efMuD;csKudk
rawGU&bl;/ 0efMuD;csKyfcsL[m xrif; pm;yGJwcku zdwfvdkU cPoGm;aeygw,f/
tckbJ jyefvmygvdrfhr,f vdkU/ olUvufaxmufawGu OD;Ekudk jymjymovJajymNyD;
awmif;yefMuw,f/ pHkprf;MunfhwJhtcg 0efMuD;csKyfcsK[m olUtdrfrSmvnf;
aeUwdkif; nwdkif; xrif;pm; yGJawG&Sdw,f/ wjcm;u zdwf&ifvnf; wckrS
rjiif;bl;/ pwdavmufawmh oGm;NyD; rsufESmjy vkdufao; wmbJ qdkwm OD;Ek
od&w,f/ orwqdkumEdkvnf; tawmfaz:a&Gygw,f/ olrdwfaqGawGeJU olwdkif;
oljynfom;awGu olUudk orwqdkumEdkvdkU ac:wmxuf bGefugEdkvdkU
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armfpudkudka&mufwJhaeUrSmyJ rpOf;rpm; ZGwfw&GwfvkyfwwfwJh OD;Ek&JU
nmOfqdk;aMumifh 0efMuD;csKyfOD;Ek[m 0efMuD;csKyftjzpfeJU rvkyfoifhwJh udpöwckudk
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OD;Ek[m &efukef rxGufcif tpöa&;0efMuD;csKyf &Sm&D;,ufqDu
pmwapmif&w,f? tJ'DpmeJUtwlygvmwJh olUpmudk,loGm;NyD; armfpudkrSm
0efMuD;csKyfblvf*,feifeJU awGUwJhtcg tJ'Dpmudkay;yg? tJ'Dvdkay;NyD;wJhaemuf
qkdAD,uf,leD,HrSm&dSaewJh *sL;vlrsKd;awG tpöa&;EkdifiHudk vmcGifh&atmif OD;Eku
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&efukefrSm qdk&S,fvpfnDvmcH vkyfwkef;u &Sm;&D;,uf[m tpöa&;EkdifiH&JU
EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efMuD;tjzpfeJU nDvmcHudkwufw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u OD;Ek[m
&Sm;&D;,ufudk odvkdufzl;w,f? OD;Ek[m &Sm;&D;,uf&JU pmxJrSmygwJhudpöudk
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oluvnf; tJ'Dtvkyfudk odyfvkyfcsifaew,f? tJ'gaMumifh
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