WVA 2 Formula sheet

General
PE = R vS

Effective (towing) power

Thrust power
Open water power
Propeller power
Delivered power
Brake power (engine)
Fuel heat input

PB = M B B = M B 2 n e
=m
f LHV = m
f hL
Q
f

Relation resistance and thrust

R = T (1 t)

Relation speed of advance and

ship
Hull efficiency

v A = vS (1 w T )

PT = T v A
PO = Q P = Q 2 n P
PP = M P P = M P 2 n P = 2 Q n
PD = k P PP

Relative rotative efficiency

Definition thrust deduction factor

t
Definition Taylor Wake fraction
wT

1 t
1 w
Q
Q
R = 0 =
QB M p
H =

Ratio between torque in Open

water condition and torque in
Behind condition for the same
thrust coefficient

Advance ratio

J=

Thrust coefficient

KT =

T
n 2P D 4P

Torque coefficient

KQ =

Q
n 2P D5P

Propeller open water efficiency

O =

PT
K J
= T
PO 2 K Q

Propulsive efficiency

D =

PE
PE
=
=
PD k P PP

vA
n P DP

R vS
= O H R
k P M P 2 n P

Gearbox ratio

i=

Transmission efficiency

TRM =

Engine efficiency

e =

ne
nP
PP
k e PB

PB

Q
f

Resistance & Propulsion

Governing flow equations
Continuity Equation

MT2430 - Versie d.d. 20141211

Power delivered to one propeller

Power delivered to all propellers
Power delivered by one engine
Heat flow to engine

u v w
+
+
=0
x y z

 2u 2 u 2u
u
u
u
u
1 p
+u +v +w =
+ 2 + 2 + 2
t
x
y
z
y
z
x
x

Navier Stokes equation in x-direction

Propulsion Hydrodynamics
Cavitation number

p0 pv
2
1
2 V

Cavitatie getal

Froude number

Fn =

V
gL

Froude getal

Pressure coefficient

CP =

p p0
2
1
2 V

druk coefficient

Reynolds number

Rn =

VL

Reynolds getal

Diesel Engines and Gas turbines

Diesel Engines

k Pb

n i VS

Mean effective pressure:

p me =

Power:

Pb = i A B

Bore area:

cm2 1
2
AB = DB = 2 2
4
16 S n

Stroke/bore ratio:

S = LS / DB

Stroke volume:

VS = L S A B

Mean piston speed:

cm = 2 n LS

p me c m
2k

p me =

P
k
b
n LS i AB

Pb = i

p me c m 3 1

32 k S 2 n 2

Gas turbines

T p
C = 2 = 2
T1 p1
def

Poisson (isentropic process):

n C 1
nC

nC 1 1 1
=

nC
C

Polytropic process:

C =

Power:

c p T
P=m

Heat supply:

=m
f LHV = m
f hL
Q
f

Celsius versus Kelvin

0 C = 273 K

MT2430 - Versie d.d. 20141211

T p
T = 3 = 3
T4 p 4
def

T =

n T 1
nT