721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

1 (Principle of steady state heat )

1.1. (Introduction)

(Temperature gradient)

(Temperature different)
(Driving force)
(Temperature gradient)


(1.1)
1.1 (Temperature
Gradient) (Conduction)
(Convection)

(Radiation)

1.1
1

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

(Steady state and Unsteady state)

(Steady state)
T/t = 0



X
X (Control
volume)


X X
(Unsteady state Transient state)
T/t 0

1.2. (Conduction heat transfer)




(Temperature gradient )
A

(1.2)
(1.3)

qcond =
A
=
T
=
X
=

(Wall or J/s)
(m2)
(K)

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

(Thermal
Conductivity) k W/m K

(1.4)
(1.4) (Fouriers law of conduction)


X

(1.4) (k)

k




k
k k

k k (conductor) k
(insulator) k 1-1

1-1

(k), W/mK

35-430

20-200

9-90
()
0.2-2.0
()
0.02-20

0.02-0.40

0.002-0.2
3

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

a) (Conduction in plane walls)

Rate of heat
conduction
in the wall

Rate of heat
conduction
out the wall

Rate of heat
generation inside
the wall

Rate of change of the

energy content of the
wall
(1.5)

1) Steady-state:
2) Transient, no heat generation:
3) Steady-state, no heat generation:

0
0

Steady state Fouriers law (1.6)

(1.6)

1.2
k A
(boundary condition) T = T1 X = 0 T = T2 X = L

(1.7)

(1.7)
(1.8)
R= x/kA K/W h F/btu
4

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

b) (plane walls in series)

1.3


(1.9)

1.3

(1.9)
T2 T3 (1.105)
(1.10)

c) (Conduction in hollow cylinder)

(r) 1.4
Rate of heat
conduction
in the wall

Rate of heat
conduction
out the wall

Rate of heat
generation inside
the wall

Rate of change of the

energy content of the
wall

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

1.4
Steady state k Ar
Fouriers law
1.11
(1.11)
Ar = 2rL

Boundary condition;

(1.12)

Ti T0

(1.13)

d) (Multilayer cylinder)

1.5
Resistance
1.14
(1.14)
6

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

(1.15)
(1.16)
(1.17)

1.5
e) (Conduction in hollow spheres)

A =4r2

(1.18)

Boundary condition;

(1.19)

(1.20)

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

f) Combined convection and conduction and overall coefficients

A Tw Tf
1.9
(1.21)

(1.22)

(1.23)

(1.24)

(1.25)

Ai = 2Lri () , AA lm=log mean area of the tube A0

overall heat transfer coefficient (U) Ai
Ao

(1.26)
8

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

(1.27)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

(1.28)

1.6 (a) (b)

g) (Critical Thickness of Insulation)
( )
r1 T1 thermal conductivity (k)
r2 T2
1.7 (1.29)


T0

(1.29)

Thermal resistance

Thermal resistance

9

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

Critical radius
Critical radius
(1.30)
Critical radius
(1.31)
1.7
1.3. Steady state conduction and shape factor
1.3.1. Introduction and graphical method for Two-dimensional conduction
Graphical method (isotherm)
2
2 (steady-state)
maintained T1 maintained T2
(isotherm) heat flow line sketches Heat flow
curvilinear-square (b) Fourier 1
(1.31)
This heat flow heat flow section heat flow lane
Total heat flow
lane
x y, heat flow T element
T element heat flow lane
T element
(1.33)
10

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

N is the number of temperature increments between the inner and outer surfaces
Heat flow lane x y lane
x y total heat transfer
(1.34)
M heat flow lane l
heat transfer curvilinear-square plots
x y temperature increments (N)
heat flow lanes (M)

1.8 Graphical curvilinear square method for two-dimensional heat conduction in a

rectangular flue
1.3.2. (shape factor in conduction)
(1.34) S=M/N

(1.35)
S

11

721-283 Transport Phenomena (Part 2 Heat Transfer)

Dr.Jutarut Tasara

S S


1-2
1-2 Conduction shape factor for

Cylinder of length L in
a square

Horizontal buried
cylinder of length L

Two parallel cylinders

of length L

Sphere buried

12